radix 
5. In .ro/;/. and anat., a root; a rooted or root- 
like part ; a radicle : as, the radix or root of a 
tooth; the radix of a nerve Radix cerebelli, 
the posterior peduncle of the cerebellum. Radix mo- 
toria, the smaller motor root of the trigeminal nerve. 
Radix sensoria, the larger sensory root of the trigeminal 
nerve. 
radlyt, V. See rathly. 
radnesst (rad'nes), n. [ME., < rad* + -<;..] 
Fear; fright; terror. 
The Romaynes for radnettse ruschte to the erthe, 
Fforde ferdnesse of hys face, as they fey were. 
,=. 
T. C S?J, 1. 120. Raffaelesque, . 
[F., repairs made on a r *? e '. raffie (raf - 
unit! 
Out of the ffijTn we shrink from in the street, 
Wore an old hat, and went with naked feet. 
Leiyh Hunt, High and Low. (Davies.) 
5. Collectively, worthless persons; the scum or 
sweepings of society; the rabble. Compare 
riffraff. 
"People, you see, he said, "won't buy their 'accounts' 
of raff; they won't have them of any but respectable." 
Mat/hfic, London Labour and London Poor, I. 325. 
II. n. Idle: dissolute. Hitlliirrll. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
radoub (ra-dob'), . 
vessel, < radouber, formerly also redouber, mend, 
repair: see redub.] In mercantile law, the re- 
pairing and refitting of a ship for a voyage. 
radula (rad'u-la), . ; pi. radiilss (-le). [NL., < 
L. radula, a scraper, scraping-iron, < radcrr, 
scrape: see rase 1 , raze*.] In conch., the tongue 
or lingual ribbon of a mollusk, specifically 
called odontophore, and more particularly, the 
rasping surface 
or set of teeth JTESKWtV. A 
of the odonto- ' 
phore, which 
bites like a file. 
This structure is 
highly character- 
istic of the cepha- 
lophorous classes, 
among which it 
presents great di- 
versity in detail. 
It bears the numer- 
ous small chiti 
. . 
right half of radula of Trofhus cinerarias. 
/>'. one row of radular teeth of Cyfreea tit- 
rofua. A is rhipidoglossate, and B is t.i-nio- 
glossate. 
nous processes or 
teeth of these mol- 
lusks, which serve to triturate food with a kind of filing 
or rasping action. According to the disposition of the 
teeth in any one of the many cross-rows which beset the 
length of the radula, mollusks are called rachiglossate, 
tanioylossate, rhipiduglossate, toxoglassate, ptenoi/lossate, 
and docoglossate. See these words, and odontophore. 
radular (rad'u-lar),fl. [< radula + -r.] Per- 
taining to the radula: as, radular teeth. 
radulate (rad'u-lat), . [< radula + -ate*-.] raffle 1 (raf '!),. [< ME. rafle. a game at dice (= 
Provided with a radula, as a cephalophorous Sw. raffel, a raffle) ; < OF. rafle, raffle, F. rafle, a 
pair royal at dice (faire rafle, sweep the stakes), 
also a grape-stalk, < rafter, snatch, seize, carry 
off,< G. raffeln, snatch up, freq. of raffen, snatch, 
snatch away, carry off hastily : see raff, v. Cf. 
. [Origin obscure.] 
Xititt., a three-cornered sail set on schooners 
when before the wind or 
nearly so. The head hoists 
up to the foretopmast-head 
and the clues haul out to 
ths square sail yard-arms. 
It is rarely used except on 
the Great Lakes of North 
America. Sometimes it is in 
two pieces, one for each side 
of the mast. 
raffla,roffia{raf'i-a,rof- 
i-;i), a. [Malagasy.] 1. 
A palm, Raphia Ruffia, 
growing in Madagascar. 
It bears pinnate leaves 20 or 30 feet long upon a moderate 
trunk. The cuticle is peeled from both sides of the leaf- 
stalk, for use as a fiber, being largely made into matting, 
and also applied by the natives to finer textile purposes. 
(See rabanna.) It is now somewhat largely used for agri- 
cultural tie-bands, as is also a similar product of the ju- 
pati-palm, R. tfedvjera, included under the same name. 
Also spelled raphitt. 
2. The fiber of this plant. 
raffish (raf'ish), a. [< raff + -w/ii.] Kesem- 
bling or having the character of the raff or rab- 
ble; scampish; worthless; rowdy. Compare 
raff, n., 5. 
Five or six rarifeA-looking men had surrounded a fair, 
delicate girl, and were preparing to besiege her in form. 
Laurence, Guy Livingstone, xxlii. 
The riijlix/i young gentleman in gloves must measure his 
scholarship with the plain, clownish laddie from the parish 
school. R. L. Stevenson, The Foreigner at Home. 
raft 
nor in Sumatra, and companion to the botanist 
Dr. Joseph Arnold, who discovered there the 
first known species, It. Arnoldi, in 1818.] A 
genus of apetalous parasitic plants of the or- 
der ('i/liiniri;r mid type of the tribe Itaffli-xii ,r, 
characterized by a perianth of five large entire 
and fleshy imbricated lobes, numerous stigmas, 
and globose many-chambered anthers, each 
opening by a single pore, which form a ring 
at the revolute top of a column rising in the 
center of the flower. The flowers are dioecious, and 
the pistillate ones contain an ovary witli a labyrinth of 
siuiill ci-lls and numerous ovules. The 4 species are na- 
tives of hot and damp jungles in the Malay archipelago. 
The whole plant consists of a single flower, without leaves 
or proper stem, growing out from the porous root or stem 
of species of Yitis (Cissus), at a time when the leaves and 
Mowers of the foster-plant have withered. The flower of 
the parasite protrudes as a knob from the bark at first, 
and enlarges for some months, resembling before opening 
a close cabbage, and remaining fully expanded only a few 
days. It exhales an odor of tainted meat, securing cross- 
fertilization by aid of the flies thus attracted to it. The 
flower reaches 3 inches or more in diameter in Ji. Roch-us- 
seni (valued by the Javanese for astringent and styptic 
properties), 6 inches in others, and 2 feet in K. Patma. . 
Antftldi has long been famed for its size, greatly exceeding 
the Victoria lily (a) inches), and even exceeding the Ant- 
tolochia <:></>!it,ni (a specimen of which at Kew, March, 
1890, was 28 inches long and 16 broad). The first flower 
mollusk ; raduliferous. 
raduliferpus (rad-u-lif'e-rus), a. [< NL. radu- 
la + L. ferre = E.' beafl.] Bearing a radula; 
radulate. 
raduliform (rad'u-li-f6rm), a. [< L. radula, a 
scraper, + forma, form.] Rasp-like; having 
the character or appearance of the teeth of a 
raffle*.'] It. A game with dice. 
Now comth hasardrie with hise apurtenaunces, as tables 
and rafes, of which comth deceite, false othes, chidynges 
Rtrfttsia Arnoldi, parasitic on a stem. 
of R. Arnoldi found measured 3 feet across Its flat circular 
top, and weighed about 15 pounds; the roundish calyx- 
lobes were each a foot long, and in places an inch thick ; 
and the globular central cup was a foot across and held 
about 6 quarts. The fruit ripens into a chestnut-brown 
and truncated nut, about 5 inches thick, with irregularly 
furrowed and broken surface, and containing thousands 
of hard, curiously appendaged and lactinose seeds. The 
flower Is flesh-colored and mottled pink and yellow with- 
in, and with brown or bluish scales beneath. It is called 
ambun-ambun or wonder-wonder by the Malays, and Icru- 
but, a name which they also give to another gigantic plant 
""- Vjh grows with it, the ovoid AmorphophaUus Titanvm. 
[NL. 
'esia + 
file ; cardiform : speVificallv notino', in ichthv- and ^ e vvne8 . blasphemynge" and reneyinge'of God!""' Rafflesiacese (raf-le-zi-a'se-e), . pi. 
ology, the conical, sharp-pointed, and close-set Chaucer, Parson's Tale. (Schott and Endlicher, 1832), < Baffl, 
teeth of some fishes, resembling villiform teeth 2 - A method of sale by chance or lottery, in - ace f-} Bame as Safflesiese, but formerly re- 
but larger and stronger. which the price of the thing to be disposed of garded as a separate order. 
' " ' p is divided into equal shares, and the persons Rafflesiese (raf-le-zi'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (Robert 
taking the shares cast lots for its possession by Brown, 1844), < Rafflexia + -ese.] A tribe of 
throwing dice or otherwise. 
rae (ra), . A Scotch form of roe. 
rafet- A Middle English preterit of reave. 
rafft (raf), v. t. [< OF. raffer, rafer, catch, 
snatch, slip away, = It. *raffare, in comp. ar- raffle 1 (raf i),^-', pret. and pp. raffled, 
raffare, snatch, seize, = MHG. raffen, reffen, G. 
raffen, snatch, sweep away, carry off sudden- 
ly, = MLG. LG. rapen, snatch, = Sw. rappa, 
snatch, seize, = Dan. rap/ie, hasten : see rap 2 , 
from the Scand. form cognate with the G. 
Hence ult. raffle^.] To sweep; snatch, draw, 
or huddle together; take by a promiscuous 
sweep. 
Their causes and effects ... I thus raffe vp together. 
R. Carev, Survey of Cornwall, fol. 69. 
raff (raf), n. and a. 

ruffling. [= Sw. raffia = Dan. rafle, rae; 
from the noun.] I. intrans. To try the chance 
of a raffle ; engage in a raffle : as, to raffle for 
a watch. 
They were raffling for his coat 
S. Butter, Satire upon Gaining. 
The great Rendezvous is at night, after the Play and 
Opera are done ; and Raffling for all Things Vendible is 
the great Diversion. Litter, Journey to Paris, p. 176. 
II. trans. To dispose of by means of a raffle : 
often with off: as, to raffle or raffle off a watch. 
[< ME. raffe, raf, esp. in the raffle 2 (raf'l), r. ; pret. and pp. raffled, ppr. 
phrase rifand raf (now riffraff), < OF. rifet raf, 
every bit, in which raf is due to the verb raf- 
fer, snatch: see raff, r. Cf. riffraff. Cf. It. 
raffola, a crowd, press.] I. . 1. A promiscu- 
ous heap or collection; a jumble; a medley. 
[Obsolete or archaic.] 
The synod of Trent was convened to settle a rafol er- 
rors and superstitions. Barrow, Unity of the Church. 
2. Trashy material ; lumber; rubbish; refuse. 
[Old and prov. Eug.] 
pp. 
raffling. [Perhaps < Icel. hrafla, scrape toge- 
ther (a slang term); cf. hrapa, hurry, hasten: 
apetalous parasitic plants, constituting with 
the smaller tribe Hydnoreiethe order Cutinaeeas. 
It is characterized by the presence of scattered or Imbri- 
cated scales in place of leaves, and flowers with from four 
to ten usually imbricated calyx-lobes, the anthers forming 
one, two, or three circles about a column in the center of 
the staminate flower, and the one or many stigmas termi- 
nating a similar column in thepistillate flower. It includes 
about 21 species in 5 genera, scattered through warm 
climates, and extending Into the Mediterranean region. 
South Africa, and Mexico. All are indwelling parasites, 
issuing out of the roots or branches of various trees and 
shrubs. They vary in habit, having in Cytinus a colored 
fleshy and distinct stem and many-flowered spike, while 
in the other genera the whole plant consists of a single 
flower sessile on its embedded rhizome. They range from 
a minute size in Apodantties and large in other genera to 
the monster flower of Rafflesia, the type. The plants are 
called patma-worte by some botanists. 
iisri v. niiig mnuii ui. HTUIJU. uurry, iiasien : ,. f . , -A. 
see raj, 1-. Cf.ra^e 1 .] I. intrans. 1 To move raffling-net (raf 'ling-net), . Same as raffle- 
or fidget about. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 2. " e l: . . .,, . ... _ 
To live in a disorderly way. Halliwell. [Prov. raffmant (raf 'man), n. [< raff 
Vnef "1 <IPftlpr in rmscpl Innpmis ortirt' u t> 
n. trans. 1. To stir (a fire). 2. To brush 
off (walnuts). Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
raffle 2 (raf'l), n. [< raffle^, r. Cf. raff, n.] 
Xaut., raff; lumber; rubbish. 
And maken of the rym and raf 
Suche gylours for pompe and pride. 
Appendix to W. Mape*, p. 340. (BalliweU.) 
Let rafs be rife in prose and rhyme, 
We lack not rhymes and reasons, 
As on this whirligig of Time 
We circle with the seasons. 
Tennyson, Will Waterproof. 
3. Abundance; affluence. Halliwell. [Prov. 
Eng. and Scotch.] 4. A worthless or disor- 
derly person; a rowdy; a scapegrace : now ap- 
.... ^ + wan.] A 
dealer in miscellaneous stuff; a chandler. 
Grocers and raffemen. Norwich Records. (Nares.) 
raff-merchant (raf 'mer'chant), . A dealer in 
lumber or old articles. Also raft-merchant. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
Her decks were heavily encumbered with what sailors raft 1 (raft), n. [< ME. rajt, reeft, rafte, a rafter, 
Myself and this great peer 
Of these rude raffs became the jeer. 
W. Cinnbe, Dr. Syntax, i. 20. (Dame.) 
call raffle that is, the muddle of ropes, torn canvas, 
staves of boats and casks, . . . with which the ocean il- 
lustrates her violence. W. C. Russell, Death Ship, xxx. 
raffle 3 (raf'l), n. [Origin obscure.] Same as 
raffle-net. 
raffled (raf'ld), a. [Origin obscure.] Having 
the edge finely divided or serrated. 
A peculiar small cut or raffled leaf resembling an ivy, 
or more nearly a vine leaf. 
Soulages Catalogue, p. 116, note to No. 35. 
. A kind of fishing-net. 
[< raffle" + -er 1 .] One 
who raffles. 
Rafflesia (raf-le'zi-a), w. [NL.(R. Brown, 1821), 
named after Sir Stamford Raffen, British gover- 
spar, beam, < Icel. raptr (raftr), a rafter, beam 
(r final being sign of nom. case) ; = Sw. Dan. 
raft, rafter; with formative -t, perhaps < Icel. 
raf, rsefr, a roof, = OHG. rafo, MHG. ravo, G. 
dial, raff, a spar, rafter; cf. Gr. o/ao^of, a roof, 
fptyeiv, cover. Cf. rafter*-.] It. Abeam; spar; 
rafter. 
Aythir gripus a schafte 
Was als rude as a rafte. 
Atou-ynye of Kiny Arthur, xxv. 
2. A sort of float or framework formed of logs, 
planks, or other pieces of timber fastened or 
lashed together side by side, for the conve- 
nience of transporting the constituent materi- 
als down rivers, across harbors, etc. Rafts of logs 
