raise 
a bead or mass of bubbles to rise, as on a class of liquor, 
by agitation in pouring or drawing. See bead, it., 6. To 
raise a blockade. See Modcade. To raise a bobbery, 
Cain, the devil, hell, the mischief, a racket, a row, 
a rumpus, etc., to make mischief or trouble; create con- 
fusion, disturbance, conflict, or riot. [Slang.] 
Sir, give me an Account of my Necklace, or I'll make 
such a Noise in your House I'll raise the Demi in it. 
Vanbrugh, Confederacy, v. 
The head-editor has been in here raising the mischief 
and tearing his hair. 
Mark Tieain, Sketches, i. (Mr. Bloke's Item). 
I expect Susy's boys '11 be raining Cain round the house ; 
they would if it wasn't for me. 
U. B. Stowe, Oldtown, p. 242. 
To raise a check or a note, to make a cheek or a note 
larger by dishonestly altering the amount for which it 
was drawn. To raise a dust. See dustt. To raise a 
house, to raise and join together the parts of the frame 
of a house built of wood. See house-raisiny and raising- 
bee. [Rural, U. S.] To raise a purchase (naut.\ todis- 
pose or arrange appliances or apparatus in such a way as 
to exert the required mechanical power. To raise a 
siege, to relinquish the attempt to capture a place by be- 
sieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished. 
To raise bread, cake, etc., to render bread, etc., light, 
porous, and spongy by the development of carbonic-acid 
gas in the substance of the dough, as by the use of yeast 
or leaven. To raise money on (something), to procure 
money by pledging or pawning (something). To raise 
one's bristles or one's dander, to excite one to anger 
or resentment; make one angry. [Vulgar, U. S.] 
They began to raise my dander by belittling the Yankees. 
Ualiburton, Sam Slick, The Clockmaker, 1st ser., xidi. 
To raise the curtain. See curtain. To raise the 
dust. Same as to raise the wind (b). [Slang.] To raise 
the land. See landi. To raise the market upon, 
to charge more than the current or regular price. [Col- 
loq.] 
Sweyn Erickson had gone too far in mixing the market 
upon Mr. Mertoun. Scott, Pirate, ii. 
To raise the wind, (a) To make a disturbance. [Col- 
loq.] (b) To obtain ready money by some shift or other. 
(Colloq.] To raise upt, to collect. 
To reysen up a rente 
That longeth to my lordes duetee. 
Chaucer, Friar's Tale, 1. 90. 
= Syn. 1 and 2. Raise, Lift, Erect, Elevate, Exalt, Height- 
en, Heave, Hnitt. Raise is the most general and the most 
freely figurative of these words, and in its various uses 
represents all the rest, and also many others, as shown in 
the definitions. Lift is peculiar in implying the exercise 
of physical or mechanical force, moving the object gener- 
ally a comparatively short distance upward, but breaking 
completely its physical contact with the place where it 
was. To lift a ladder is to take it wholly off the ground, 
if only an inch ; to raise a ladder, we may lift one end and 
carry it up till it is supported in some way. To lift one's 
head or arm is a more definite and energetic act than to 
raise it. We l(ft a child over a place ; we raise one that 
has fallen. To erect is to set up perpendicularly : as, to 
erect a flagstaff. To elevate is to raise relatively, general- 
ly by an amount not large ; the word is often no more than 
a dignified synonym for raise. To exalt is to raise to dig- 
nity ; the word is thus used in a physical sense in Isa. xl. 
4, "Every valley shall be exalted," and elsewhere in the 
Bible ; but the figurative or moral sense has now become 
the principal one, so that the other seems antique. To 
heighten is to increase in height, either physically or mor- 
ally : he whom we esteem already is heightened in our es- 
teem by an especially honorable act. To heave is to raise 
slowly and with effort, and sometimes to throw in like 
fashion. To hoist is to raise a thing of some weight with 
some degree of slowness or effort, generally with mechan- 
ical help, to a place: as, to hoist a rock, or a flag. 14. 
Rear, firing up, Raise. To rear offspring through their 
tenderer years till they can take care of themselves ; to 
bring up a child in the way he should go ; to raise oats and 
other products of the soil ; to raise horses and cattle. 
Where were you brought up? not, where were yon raised ? 
The use of raise in application to persons is a vulgarism. 
Rear applies only to physical care ; bring up applies more 
to training or education in mind and manners. 
II. intrans. To bring up phlegm, bile, or blood 
from the throat, lungs, or stomach. [Colloq.] 
raise 1 (raz), n. [< raise 1 , v.~\ 1. Something 
raised, elevated, or built up; an ascent; a 
rise ; a pile ; a cairn. [Prov. Eng.] 
There are yet some considerable remains of stones which 
still go by the name of raises. 
Hutchinson, Hist. Cumberland. (Hattiwell.) 
That exquisite drive through Ambleside, and ... up 
Dunmail Raise by the little Wythburn church. 
Congregationalist, July 14, 1887. 
2. A raising or lifting ; removal by lifting or 
taking away, as of obstructions. [Colloq.] 
No further difficulty is anticipated in making permanent 
the raise of the freight blockade in this city [St. Louis]. 
Philadelphia Times, April 6, 1886. 
3. A raising or enlarging in amount; an in- 
crease or advance : as, a raise of wages ; a raise 
of the stakes in gaming. [Colloq.] 4. An 
acqtiisition; a getting or procuring by special 
effort, as of money or chattels: as, to make a 
raise of a hundred dollars. [Colloq.] 
raise 2 (raz). A dialectal (Scotch) preterit of 
rise, 
raiser (ra'zer), H. [< raise 1 + -er 1 .] 1. A per- 
son who raises or is occupied in raising any- 
thing, as buildings, plants, animals, etc. 
A rawer of huge melons and of pine. 
Tfnniison, Princess, Conclusion. 
311 
4946 
The head of the Victor Verdiertype [of roses] originated 
with the greatest of all the raisers, Lacharme, of Lyons. 
The Century, XXVI. 3M. 
2. That .which raises; a device of any kind used 
for raising, lifting, or elevating anything : as, 
a water-raisec. Specifically (o) In carp., same as 
riser, (b) In a vehicle, a support or stay of wood or metal 
under the front seat, or some material placed under the 
trimmings to give them greater thickness, (c) In whale- 
fishing, a contrivance for raising or buoying up a dead 
whale. 
raisin (ra'zn), . [< ME. raisin, rcisiii, rei/i/n. 
rcysone, reysynge, a cluster of grapes, also a dried 
grape, raisin, = D. razijn, rozijn = MLG. rosin = 
MHG. rasin, roftine, G. ro/tinc = Dan. rosin = Sw. 
russin (ML. rosina), raisin ; < OF. raisin, rvixiit. 
a cluster of grapes, a grape, a dried grape (rai- 
sins de cabas, dried grapes, raisins), F. raisin, 
dial, rasin, roisin, rosin, grapes (mi grain de rai- 
sin, a grape ; raisins de caisse, raisins), = Pr. ra- 
zim, rozim, razain = Cat. ratiim = Sp. racimo = 
Pg. racimo = It. raccmo (dim. racimolo), a clus- 
ter of grapes, < L. racemus, a cluster of grapes: 
see raceme, a doublet of raisin.'] If. A cluster 
of grapes ; also, a grape. 
Nether in the vyneyerd thou schalt gadere reysyns and 
greynes fallynge doun, but thou schalt leeve to be gaderid 
of pore men and pilgryms. 
Wyclif, Lev. xix. 10. (Trench.) 
2. A dried grape of the common Old World 
species, Vitis vinifera. Only certain saccharine va- 
rieties of the grape, however, thriving in special localities, 
are available for raisins. The larger part of ordinary 
large raisins are produced on a narrow tract in Mediter- 
ranean Spain. These are all sometimes classed as Malaya 
raisins, but this name belongs more properly to the "des- 
sert-raisins " grown about Malaga : they are also called 
muscatels from the variety of grape, blooms from retaining 
a glaucous surface, and, in part at least, raisins of the mm 
or sun-raisins because dried on the vine, the leaves being 
removed, and sometimes the cluster-stem half-severed. 
When packed between sheets of paper, these are known as 
layer raisins. Raisins suitable for cookery, or "pudding- 
raisins," sometimes called lexias, are produced especially 
at Valencia. These are cured, after cutting from the vine, 
in the sun, or in bad weather in heated chambers, the 
quality in the latter case being inferior. The clusters 
are often dipped in potash lye to soften the skin, favor 
drying, and impart a gloss. Excluding the "Corinthian 
raisin " (see below), the next most important source of 
raisins is the vicinity of Smyrna, including Chesme, near 
Chios. Here are produced nearly all the sultanas, small 
seedless raisins with a golden-yellow delicate skin and 
sweet aromatic flavor. Raisins are also a product of Per- 
sia, of Greece, Italy, and southern France, of the Cape 
of Good Hope, Australia, and California. No variety of 
native American grape has yet been developed suitable 
for the preparation of raisins. See raisin-wine. 
Then Abigail made haste, and took ... an hundred 
clusters of raisins. 1 Sam. XXT. 18. 
I must have saffron to colour the warden pies ; . . . 
four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o the sun. 
Shak., W. T., iv. 3. 51. 
Black Smyrna raisin, a small black variety of raisin 
with large seeds. Corinthian raisin, the currant, or 
Zante currant, the dried fruit of the variety Corinthiaca 
of the grape. The cluster is about three inches long, and 
the berry is not larger than a pea. It is produced in very 
large quantities in the Morea and the neighboring islands, 
and is consumed in baking and cookery. Eleme raisin, 
a Smyrna raisin of good size and quality, hand-picked from 
the stem, used chiefly for ships' stores or sent to distant 
markets. 
raising (ra'zing), n. [< ME. reysynge; verbal 
n. of raise 1 , v.~\ 1. The act of lifting, elevat- 
ing, etc. (in any sense of the verb). Specifically 
(o) An occasion on which the frame of a new building, 
the pieces of which have been previously prepared, but re- 
quire many hands to put into place, is raised with the help 
of neighbors. See house-raising and raising-bee. [Rural, 
U. S.] (6) In metal-work, the embossing or ornamentation 
of sheet-metal by hammering, spinning, or stamping, (c) 
A method of treating hides with acids to cause them to 
swell and to open the pores in order to hasten the process 
of tanning, (d) In dyeing, the process or method of inten- 
sifying colors. 
2. Same as raising-piece. 
Franke-posts, raisins, beames . . . and such principals. 
W. Harrison, Descrip. of England, if. 12. 
3. That with which bread is raised ; yeast or 
yeast-cake ; leaven. Gayton, Festivous Notes 
on Don Quixote (cited by Lowell, Biglow 
Papers, 2d ser., Int.). [Old or pvov. Eng. and 
U. S.] 4. In printing, the overlays in a press 
for woodcut-printing. 
raising-bee (ra'zing-be), n. A gathering of 
neighbors to help in putting together and 
raising the framework of a new building. Such 
gatherings are nearly obsolete. Compare liusk- 
ing-bee, quilting-bee. [U. S.] 
Raising-bees . . . were frequent, where houses sprung 
up at the wagging of the fiddle-sticks, as the walls of 
Thebes sprang up of yore to the sound of the lyre of 
Aiii|iliion. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 405. 
raising-board (ra'/.ing-bord), . In Icather- 
iii/iinif., a corrugated board used to rub the 
surface of tanned leather to raise the grain ; a 
crippler. K. H. Knight. 
rake 
raising-gig (ni'zing-gig), M. Iii //o/li-iiiciiiiij'., 
a machine for raising a nap on cloth ; a gig- 
machine. E. H. Knight. 
raising-hammer (ra'zing-ham"er), . A ham- 
mer with a long head and a rounded face, used 
by silversmiths and coppersmiths to form a 
sheet of metal into a cup or bowl shape. 
raising-knife (ra'zing-nif ), n. A coopers' knife 
used to set up staves in form for a cask. 
raising-piece (ra'zing-pes), n. In carp., a piece 
of timber laid on a brick wall, or on the top of 
the posts or puncheons of a timber-framed 
house, to carry a beam or beams ; a templet. 
raising-plate (ra'zing-plat), . In carp., a 
horizontal timber resting on a wall, or upon 
vertical timbers of a frame, and supporting the 
heels of rafters or other framework; a wall- 
plate. 
raisin-tree (ra'zn-tre), . The common cur- 
rant-shrub, Kibes rubrum, the fruit of which is 
often confounded with the Corinthian raisin, or 
currant. [Prov. Eng.] Japanese raisin-tree, a 
small rhamnaceous tree, Hovenia aulcis. The peduncle of 
its fruit is edible. 
raisin-wine (ra'zn-wln), . Wine manufac- 
tured from dried grapes. Malaga wine is mostly of 
this kind, and the Tokay of Hungary is made from partly 
dried fruit. Raisin-wine was known to the ancients. 
raison d'tre (ra-zon' da'tr). [F.: raison, rea- 
son; ff for de, of, for; etre, being, (.fare, be.] 
Reason or excuse for being; rational cause or 
ground for existence. 
raisonne (ra-zo-na'), a. [< F. raisonne, pp. of 
raisonner, reason, prove or support by reason- 
ing, arguments, etc.: see reason^, r.] Reason- 
ed out ; systematic ; logical : occurring in Eng- 
lish use chiefly in the phrase catalogue rai- 
sonne (which see, under catalogue). 
raivel (ravl), . A Scotch form of rarel 1 , 3. 
raj (raj), n. [Hind, raj, rule, < Skt. y raj, rule. 
Cf. ra/a 2 .] Rule; dominion. [India.] 
But Delhi had fallen when these gentlemen threw their 
strength into the tide of revolt, and they were too late 
for a decisive superiority over the British raj. 
Capt. M. Thomson, Story of Cawnpore, xvi. 
Raja 1 , n. Same as Saia. 
raja 2 , rajah (ra'ja), n. [Hind, raja, < Skt. raja, 
the form in comp. of rajan, a king, as in malid- 
rdja, great king; akin to L. rex, king (see rex) ; 
<y raj, rule: see regent.] In India, a prince of 
Hindu race ruling a territory, either indepen- 
dently or as a feudatory ; a king; a chief: used 
also as a title of distinction for Hindus in some 
cases, without reference to sovereignty, as wa- 
bob is for Mohammedans. The power of nearly all 
the rajas is now subordinate to that of British officials 
resident at their courts. Those who retain some degree of 
actual sovereignty are commonly distinguished by the title 
maharaja (great raja). 
Bajania (ra-ja'ni-a), n. [NL. (Linnseus, 1737), 
an adapted form ol Jan-Raja (Plumier, 1703), so 
called after John Ray (Latinized Sains), 1628- 
1705, a celebrated English naturalist, founder 
of a natural system of classification.] A genus 
of monocotyledouous plants of the order Dios- 
coreacess, the yam family, it is characterized by 
dioecious bell-shaped or flattened six-lobed flowers, with 
six stamens and a three-celled ovary, ripening into a flat- 
tened broad-winged and one-celled samara. The 6 species 
are all natives of the West Indies. They are twining vines 
resembling the yam, and bear alternate leaves, either hal- 
berd- or heart-shaped or linear, and small flowers in ra- 
cemes. Several species are occasionally cultivated under 
glass. R. pleioneura, common in woods of the larger West 
Indies, is there called u-ild yam and waic-waw. 
rajaship, rajahship (ra'ja-ship), . [< raja? 
+ -ship.] The dignity or principality of a raja. 
Ra.jidse, . pi. Same as Raiidee. 
Rajput, Rajpoot (raj-pot'), [< Hind, rajput, 
a prince, son of a raja, < Skt. rdjaputra, a king's 
son, a prince, < rajan, a king, + putra, son.] A 
member of a Hindu race, divided into numer- 
ous clans, who regard themselves as descen- 
dants of the ancient Kshatriya or warrior caste. 
They are the ruling (though not the most numerous) race 
of the great region named from them Kajputana, consist- 
ing of several different states. Their hereditary profes- 
sion is that of arms, and no race in India has furnished so 
largo a number of princely families. The Rajputs are uot 
strict adherents of Brahmanism. 
rake 1 (rak), n. [< ME. rake, < AS. raca, racu, 
rsece = MD. ral-e, raecke, D. rake, dim. rakcl = 
MLG. rake, LG. rake, a rake, = Sw. raka, an 
oven-rake, = Dan. rage, a poker; in another 
form, MD. reke, D. reek = LG. reek = OHG. re- 
cho, reliho, MHG. recite, G. rechen, a rake, = Icel. 
reka, a shovel ; from the verb represented by 
MD. reken, OHG. rechan, relilian, MHG. rechen, 
scrape together, = Goth, rikan (pret. rak), col- 
lect, heap up (cf. rake 1 , v., which depends on 
thenoim).] 1. An implement of wood or iron, 
or partly of both, with teeth or tines for drawing 
