rape 
KIT, though ye loke never so brode anil stare, 
Ye shul imt winne a niyte in thiit rhaltai-e. 
But wasten al tliat ye may rape tul n'm"'. 
t'liiiucer, Canon's Yeoman's Tale, 1. 411. 
rape- (rap), n. \<. rape'*, t'.] 1. The act of 
snatching by force ; a seizing and carrying away 
by force or violence, whether of persons or 
things; violent seizure aud carrying away: as, 
the rape of Proserpine; the rape of the Sabine 
women ; Pope's ''Rape of the Lock." 
Death is enu'll, suffering none escape ; 
Olde, young, rich, poore, of all he makes his rape. 
Times' Whittle (E. E. T. S.), p. 128. 
Pear grew after pear, 
Fig after tig came ; time made never rape 
Of any dainty there. Chapman, Odyssey. 
2. Ill law, the violation or carnal knowledge of 
a woman forcibly and against her will. Forcibly 
is usually understood not necessarily to mean violence, 
hut to include negative consent. Statutes in various juris- 
dictions modify the definition, some by extending it to in- 
clude carnal knowledge of a girl under 10 either with or 
without her consent. Rape is regarded as one of the worst 
felonies. The penalty for it was formerly death, as it is 
still in some jurisdictions, but is now generally imprison- 
ment for life or for a long term of years. It is now often 
called criminal asffaidt. 
3. Something taken or seized and carried away; 
a captured person or thing. [Rare.] 
Where now are all my hopes? oh, never more 
Shall they revive, nor Death her rapes restore ! 
Sandys. 
Rape of the forest, in /;////. law, trespass committed in 
the forest by violence. 
rape 3 (rap), n. [< Icel. hreppr, a district, prob. 
orig. ' share ' or ' allotment, ' < Icel.hreppa, catch, 
obtain, = AS. hrepian, hreppan, touch : see 
rap 3 .] A division of the county of Sussex, 
in England, intermediate between a hundred 
and the shire. The county is divided into six 
rapes. 
The Rape ... is ... a mere geographical expression, 
the judicial organisation remaining in the hundred. 
Stubbs, Const. Hist, 45. 
rape 4 (rap), n. [< ME. rape, also rave, < OF. 
*rape, also rabe, later rave, F. dial, retire, rei-e, 
rabe, rova = Pr. Sp. raba, rape, turnip (cf. 
Pg. rabSo, horse-radish), = D. raap = OHG. 
raba, MHG. rabe, rape, rappe, rape, turnip, G. 
rapps, rape-seed, = LG. raap, rape; akin to 
OHG. ruoba, ruoppa, MHG. ruobe, riiebe, G. 
rube, rape, turnip, etc., = LG. rove, rowe = 
Dan. roe = Sw. rofua, turnip ; cf. OBulg. riepa 
= Serv. repa = Bohem. rzhepa = Pol. rzepa = 
Buss, riepa = Lith. rope, rape = Albanian repe, 
a turnip, < L. rapa, also rapum, a turnip, rape, 
= Gr. fraKve, fMijivf, turnip; cf. Gr. fmifiavif, fxujtan/, 
a radish; fm<j>avof, a cabbage; root unknown.] 
If. A turnip. Halliivell. 2. The colza, cole- 
seed, or rape-seed, a cruciferous plant includ- 
ing the BrasKica campestris and B. Napus of 
Linnffius, the latter form now considered to be 
a variety, together with the common turnip, of 
B. campestris, which occurs in a wild state as a 
weed throughout Europe and Asiatic Russia. 
Of the two forms named, the former, sometimes called 
summer rape, has rough leaves, and the latter, called 
winter rape, smooth leaves. Rape is extensively grown in 
Europe and in India for its oleaginous seeds, the source 
of rape-oil. It is also sown for its leaves, which are used 
aa food for sheep, and are produced in gardens for use as 
a salad. 
rape 5 (rap), n. [< ME. rape = MHG. rappe, 
rape, G. rapp, a stalk of grapes, < OF. rape, F. 
rdpe = Pr. raspa = It. raspo, a stem or stalk 
of grapes.] 1. The stem or stalk of grapes. 
Til grapes to the presse beo set 
Ther renneth no red wyn in rape. 
Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.X p. 135. 
2. pi. The stalks and skins of grapes from 
which the must has been expressed. E. H. 
Knight. 3. Loose or refuse grapes used in 
wine-making. 
The juice of grapes is drawn as well from the rape, or 
whole grapes plucked from the cluster, and wine poured 
upon them in a vessel, as from a vat, where they are 
bruised. Ray. 
4. A filter used in a vinegar-manufactory to 
separate the mucilaginous matter from the vin- 
egar. It derives its name from being charged 
with rapes. E. S. Knight. 
rape 8 (rap), v. t. ; pret. and pp. raped, ppr. rap- 
ing. [Prob. a var. of raps, perhaps affected 
by F. mpcr (= Sp. Pg. rapar), rasp: see rasp 1 ."} 
To scratch ; abrade ; scarify. [Prov. Eng.] 
Interesting reading; wasn't it? I wish they'd rape the 
character of some other innocent ha ! 
The Money-makers, p. 78. 
rape 7 (rap), . An obsolete or dialectal form 
of rope. 
rape-butterfly (rap'but"er-fli), it. A pierian, 
1'irrin ni/ife, known in the United States as the 
312 
4961 
imported cabbage-butterfly, to distinguish it from 
several similar native species. See cut under 
oabbage-butterfly, and compare figures under 
I'ii-ris. [Bug.] 
rape-cake (rap'kak), w. A hard cake formed of 
the residue of the seed and husks of rape (see 
ra]>i4) after the oil has been expressed. It is 
used for feeding oxen and sheep, but is inferior to linseed- 
cake and some other kinds of oil-cakes ; it is also used in 
considerable quantity as a rich manure. 
rapefult (rap'ful), a. [< rope 2 + -ful.~\ Given 
to rape or violence. [Rare.] 
To teach the rapefvl Hyeans marriage. 
Chapman, Byron's Tragedy, iv. 1. (Nares.) 
ra] 
pi 
riedly; quickly ;~rapidly. 
Then seih we a Samaritan cam syttynge on a mule, 
Rydynge full raply the way that we wente. 
Piers Plowman (C), xx. 48. 
Upsterte the champioun rapely anon. 
Tale of Gamelyn, 1. 219. 
rape-oil (rap'oil), n. A thick brownish-yellow 
oil expressed from rape-seed. It was formerly, as 
in India still, applied chiefly to illumination, but is now 
largely consumed for lubricating and in india-rubber 
manufacturing. Also called cabbage-oil, calm-oil, rape- 
ipelyt (rap'li), adv. [ME., also raply, rap- 
pliche, etc. ; < rape 1 , a., + -ly 2 .] Hastily; hur- 
rape-seed (rap'sed), re. The seed of the rape, 
or the plant itself; cole-seed Rape-seed oil. 
Same as rape-oil. 
rape-wine (rap'wln), . A poor thin wine pre- 
pared from the murk or stalks, skins, and other 
refuse of grapes which have been pressed. 
rap-full (rap'ful), a. and . [< rapi + /!.] 
I. a. Full of wind : applied to sails when on a 
wind every sail stands full without lifting. 
II. . A'sailfullof wind: also called a smooth 
full. 
rapfullyt (rap'ful-i), adv. With beating or 
striking; with resounding blows ; batteringly. 
[Rare.] 
Then far of vplandish we doe view thee flrd Sicil JStna, 
And a seabelch gronnting on rough rocks rapfvlye trap- 
ping. Stanihurst, JEaeid, iii. 
Raphaelesque (raf'a-el-esk'), a. [Also Saf- 
faelesqne; < Raphael (It. Raffaello), a chief 
painter of the Italian Renaissance (see Raph- 
aelism), + -esque.'] Of or resembling the style, 
color, or art of the great Renaissance painter 
Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino). 
A strange opulence of splendour, characterisable as 
half-legitimate half-meretricious a splendour hovering 
between the ra/aelegque and the japannish. 
Carlyle, Sterling, i. 6. 
Raphaelism (raf 'a-el-izm), . [< Raphael (see 
def.) + -ism.] The principles of art introduced 
by Raphael, the famous Italian painter (1483- 
1520) ; the style or method of Raphael. 
Raphaelite (raf'a-el-it), n. [< Raphael + -ite" 2 : 
see Raphaelism.^ One who adopts the princi- 
ples or follows the style of the painter Raphael. 
Raphaelitism (raf'a-el-i-tizm), n. [< Raphael- 
ite + -ism.'] The principles or methods of the 
Raphaelites ; pursuit of or adherence to the 
style of the painter Raphael. 
Raphaneae (ra-fa'ne-e), n. pi. [NL. (A. P. de 
Candolle, 1821), < Raphanus 4- -ete."\ A tribe of 
polypetalous plants of the order Cruciferx. It 
is characterized by an elongated unjointed indehiscent 
pod, which is a cylindrical or moniliform one-celled and 
many-seeded silique, or is divided into many small one- 
seeded cells (in one or two rows), which at length fall 
apart. It includes 9 genera, of which Raphanus is the 
type, all of them plants of the Old World, and chiefly 
Asiatic. 
Raphanus (raf'a-nus), it. [NL. (Tournefort, 
1700), < L. rapKanus, < Gr. /M^arof, cabbage, 
radish, ^a^aw'f, radish, akin to JMWVS, ftdtive, 
turnip, L. rapa, rapum, turnip: see rape*.] 
A genus of cruciferous plants, including the 
radish, type of the tribe Raphanese. it is charac- 
terized by globose seeds, solitary in the single row of cells 
formed by constrictions of the pods, which are closed by a 
pithy substance or sometimes remain continuous through- 
out. The 6 species are natives of Europe and temperate 
parts of Asia, and are branching annuals or biennials, with 
fleshy roots, lyrate lower leaves, and elongated bractless 
racemes of sfender-pediceled white or yellow purplish- 
veined flowers, followed by erect spreading, thick, and 
corky or spongy pods. Some species (genus Raphanigtrum, 
Tournefort, 1700) have a short seedless joint below, forming 
a stalk to the long inflated necklace-like cell which com- 
poses the rest of the pod, as R. Landro^, a yellow -flowered 
Italian weed with large radical leaves, eaten as a salad, and 
R. Raphanwtrum, a coarse weed, the wild or field radish. 
See radish. 
raphe (ra'fe), . [NL., prop, rhaphe; < Gr. 
a seam, suture, < /timretv, sew: see 
1. In bot.: (a) In an anatropousoramphitropous 
(hemitropous) ovule or seed, the adnate cord 
which connects the hilum with the chalaza, 
commonly appearing as a more or less salient 
ridge, sometimes completely embedded in a 
raphigraph 
fleshy testa of the seed. See cuts under tiHiit- 
I-II/IIII/K and lii-iii itropous. (b) A longitudinal line 
or rib on the valves of many diatoms, connect- 
ing the three nodules when present. (See rtod- 
ii I/-.) The usual primary classification of gen- 
era depends upon its presence or absence. 
2. In anat., a seam-like union of two lateral 
halves, usually in the mesial plane, and consti- 
tuting either a median septum of connective 
tissue or a longitudinal ridge or furrow ; specif- 
ically, in the brain, the median lamina of de- 
cussating fibers which extends in the tegraen- 
tal region from the oblongata up to the third 
ventricle Raphe of the corpus callosum, a longi- 
tudinal furrow on the median line of its dorsal surface, 
bounded by the mesial longitudinal striae. Raphe Of 
the medulla oblongata, the median septum, composed 
of fibers which run In part dorsoventrally, in part lon- 
gitudinally, and in part across the septum more or less 
obliquely, together with nerve-cells Raphe of the 
palate, a linear median ridge extending from a small 
papilla in front, corresponding with the inferior opening 
of the anterior palatine foramen, back to the uvula. 
Raphe of the penis, the extension of the raphe of the 
scrotum forward on the under side of the penis. Raphe 
of the perineum, the extension of the raphe of the scro- 
tum backward on the perineum. Raphe of the phar- 
ynx, the median seam on the posterior wall of the phar- 
ynx. Raphe of the scrotum, a slight median ridge ex- 
tending forward to the under side of the penis, and back- 
ward along the perineum to the margin of the anus. 
Raphe of the tongue, a slight furrow along the middle 
of the dorsal surface, terminating posteriorly in the fora- 
men ccecum. 
Raphia (ra'fi-a), H. [NL. (Palisot de Beauvois, 
1804), < raffia, the native name of the Madagascar 
species.] A genus of palms of the tribe Lepi- 
docaryese, type of the subtribe Raphieie (which 
is distinguished from the true ratan-palms, 
Calamese, by a completely three-celled ovary). 
It Is characterized by pinnately divided leaves crown- 
ing an erect and robust trunk, and by a fruit which be- 
comes one-celled, is 
beaked with the 
three terminal stig- 
mas, and has a thick 
pericarp tessellated 
with overlapping 
scales, spongy with- 
in and containing a 
single oblong fur- 
rowed seed with 
very hard osseous 
albumen. There are 
5 species, natives of 
tropical Africa and 
Madagascar, with 
one, R. tfedigera, 
the jupati - palm 
(which see), native 
in America from the 
mouths of the Ama- 
zon to Nicaragua. 
All inhabit low 
swampy lands and 
banks near tide- wa- 
ter. Their trunks 
are unarmed and of 
little height, but 
their leaves are 
spiny and often 
over 50 feet in 
length, the entire 
tree becoming thus 
60 or 70 feet in 
height to their erect tips. The large pendulous flower- 
spikes reach 6 feet in length, contain flowers of both sexes, 
and have their numerous branches set in two opposite rows, 
their flower-bearing branchlets resembling flattened cat- 
kins. In fruit the spike sometimes becomes 15 feet long, 
and weighs 200 or even 800 pounds, bearing numerous egg- 
like brown and hard fruits often used as ornaments. R. 
R-uffia, which produces the largest spadices, is known as 
the raffia-palm. (See raffia.) R. vinifera supplies the tod- 
dy of western tropical Africa, and its leafstalks are used 
in various ways. 
raphides, . Plural of raphix. 
Raphidia (ra-fid'i-a), n. [NL. (Linnaeus, 1748), 
<Gr. /xz0<f (pa^i6-), a needle, a pin: see raphis.] 
A notable genus of neuropterous insects, of the 
family Sialidse or giving name to the family Ra- 
phidiidx. The prothorax is cylindrical, and the wings 
are furnished with a pterostigma. The larvie differ from 
all other Sialidfe in not being aquatic ; they live under 
bark. The genus is represented in North America only 
on the Pacific coast, although common in Europe. 
raphidian (ra-fid'i-au), a. 1. In bot., of the 
nature of or containing raphides: as, raphidian 
cells in a plant. 2. In zool., of or pertaining 
to the genus Raphidia. 
raphidiferOUS (raf-i-dif'e-rus), . [< Gr. /Mifiif 
(fra<t>i<5-), a needle, pin, +'L. J'erre, bear, carry.] 
In bot., containing raphides. 
Raphidiidae (raf-i-dl'i-de), n. pi. [NL. (Leach, 
1824), < Raphidia + -idx.~] A family of neu- 
ropterous insects: now merged in the Sinlidee. 
raphigraph (raf'i-graf), . [< Gr. fxupif, a nee- 
dle, pin, + ypdipeiv, write.] A machine intend- 
ed to provide a means of communication with 
the blind, by the use of characters made by 
pricking paper with ten needle-pointed pegs, 
Raphia vinifera. 
