rash 
rash (rash), K. [< OF. rasche, also rasque, rash, 
scurf, F. ruche, an eruption on the head, scurf, 
= Pr. rasea, itch; < Pr. rasfar = Sp. Pg. rascar, 
scratch, rasgar, tear, rend, scrape, etc., < LL. 
"rasicare, scratch (cf. L. rasitare, shave often), 
freq. of L. radere, pp. rasus, scrape, shave : see 
rase 1 , raze 1 , and cf . rascal.'] A more or less ex- 
tensive eruption on the skin. 
rash 6 (rash), n. An obsolete or dialectal form 
of rush 1 . 
They biggit a bower on yon burn brae, 
And theekit it o'er wi' rashes. 
Bessy Bell and Mary Gray, in Aitken's Scottish Song, p. 20. 
rasher 1 (rash'er), n. [(a) < rash 1 + -er 1 (cf. 
"rasher on the coals, quasi rashly or hastily 
roasted" Minsheu) (see rash 1 , v.)-, or (6) < 
rasJfi, slice, + -er 1 ; the suffix -er being taken 
passively in either case.] In cookery, a slice 
of bacon, and formerly of any meat, for frying 
or broiling. 
Carbonate, a carbonado, meat broiled vpon the coles, a 
rasher. Florio, 1598. 
This making of Christians will raise the price of hogs ; 
If we grow all to be pork-eaters, we shall not shortly have 
a rasher on the coals for money. Shalt. , M. of V. , iii. 5. 28. 
He that eats nothing hut a red herring a-day shall ne'er 
be broiled for the devil's rasher. 
Beau, and Fl., Love's Cure, ii. 1. 
He had done justice to a copious breakfast of fried eggs 
and broiled rashers. Thackeray, Pendennis, I. 313. 
rasher 2 (rash'er), n. [Perhaps < Sp. rascacio = 
Pg. rascacio, also raseas, names of the Euro- 
pean Scorpsma scrofa and related fishes.] A 
scorpcenoid fish of California, Sebastichthys or 
Sebastodes miniatas, of a red color variously 
marked. It is one of a large group of rock-fish 
or rock-cod, others of which no doubt have the 
same name. 
rashfult (rash'ful), a. [< rash 1 + -/.] Rash ; 
hasty; precipitate. [Bare.] 
Then you with hastie doome and rashfull sentence straight 
Will vaunt that women in that age were all with vertue 
fraught. 
TurberMle, Dispraise of Women that allure and love not. 
rashlingt (rash'ling),. [< rash 1 + -ling 1 ."] A 
rash person. [Rare.] 
What rashlings doth delight, that sober men despise. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas. 
rashly (rash'li), adv. In a rash manner; has- 
tily ; with precipitation ; inconsiderately ; pre- 
sumptuously; at a venture. 
rashness (rash'nes), . 1. The character of be- 
ing rash ; inconsiderate or presumptuous haste ; 
headstrong precipitation in decision or action ; 
temerity; unwarranted boldness. 
Such bold asseverations as in him [the apostle Paul] were 
admirable should in your mouths but argue rashness. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, Pref., vi. 
And though he stumbles in a full career, 
Yet rashness is a better fault than fear. 
Dryden, Tyrannic Love, ProL, 1. 21. 
2. A rash act ; a reckless or foolhardy deed. 
Why not set forth, if I should do 
This rashness, that which might ensue 
With this old soul in organs new ? 
Tennyson, Two Voices. 
= Syn. 1. Rashness, Temerity. Rashness has the vigor of 
the Anglo-Saxon, temerity the selectness and dignity of 
the Latin. Temerity implies personal danger, physical or 
other : as, the temerity of undertaking to contradict Samuel 
Johnson ; temerity in going upon thin ice. Rashness is 
broader in this respect Rashness goes by the feelings 
without the j udgment ; temerity rather disregards the J udg- 
ment. Temerity refers rather to the disposition, rashness 
to the conduct. See adventurous. 
For rashness is not courage. Rashness flings itself into 
danger without consideration or foresight. But courage 
counts the cost, and does not make any display of itself. 
J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 336. 
As the note of warlike preparation reached them [the 
Moors] in their fastnesses, they felt their temerity in thus 
bringing the whole weight of the Castilian monarchy on 
their heads. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 7. 
rasint, n. An obsolete form of resin. 
rasing (ra'zing), n. [Verbal n. of rase 1 , F.] In 
ship-building, the act of marking by the edges 
of molds any figure upon timber, etc., with a 
rasing-knife, or with the points of compasses. 
rasing-iron (ra'zing-I"ern), n. A kind of calk- 
ing-iron for clearing the pitch and oakum out 
of a vessel's seams, preparatory to recalking. 
rasing-knife (ra'zing-mf), . A small edged 
tool fixed in a handle, and hooked at its point, 
used for making particular marks on timber, 
lead, tin, etc. 
rasion (ra'zhon), n. [< L. ra&io(n-), a scraping, 
shaving, < radere, pp. rasus, scrape, shave : see 
rase 1 .] If. A scraping or shaving; rasure. 
Bailey, 1731. 2. Inphar., the division of sub- 
stances by the rasp or file. Dunglison. 
raskailet, An obsolete form of rascal. 
4966 
Raskqlnik (ras-kol'uik), . [Russ.] In Russia, 
a schismatic ; a dissenter. There are many sect* 
of Kaskoluiks, most of them differing from the Orthodox 
Church by even greater conservatism in ritual, etc. Some 
sects retain the office of priest, while others are Presby- 
terian or Independent in polity ; others, again, are of wild- 
ly fanatical and antiuomian character. 
rasoo (ra-so"), n. [E. Ind.] A flying-squirrel 
of India, a species of Pteromys. 
Basores (ra-so'rez), n. pi. [NL., pi. of L. rasor, 
a scraper (applied to a fiddler), < radere, pp. ra- 
sus, scrape, scratch: see rase 1 , raze 1 ."] If. In 
Uliger's system (1811), the rasorial birds, or 
scratchers, an order of Aves, including the gal- 
linaceous and columbaceous birds. 2. The 
I, t, head and foot of dunghill-cock ; z, a, head and foot of moor- 
fowl ( /.<t f of its scoticta). 
same excluding the pigeons : now usually called 
(lallinse (which see). 
rasorial (ra-so'ri-al), a. [NL., < Basores + 
-ial.] Given to scratching the ground for food, 
as poultry ; belonging to the Rasores, especially 
in the second sense of that word ; gallinaceous. 
rasp 1 (rasp), v. [< ME. raspen, rospen, < OF. 
rasper, F. rdpcr, scrape, grate, rasp, = Sp. 
Pg. raspar = It. raspare, scrape, rasp, < ML. 
raspare, scrape, rake, < OHG. rasjuon, MHG. 
raspen, scrape together (cf. D. MLG. raspen = 
MHG. freq. raspelen, G. raspeln, rasp, = Dan. 
raspe = Sw. raspa, rasp, in part from the noun); 
cf. OHG. hrespan, MHG. respen, rake together, 
pluck; Icel. rispa, scratch (> Sc. risp); prob. 
from the root of OHG. 'ra/on, MHG. G. raffen, 
etc., seize: see rap 2 . Cf. rasp 1 , n. Hence ult. 
(prob. ) rapier.] I. trans. 1 . To abrade by rub- 
bing or grating with a coarsely rough instru- 
ment; grate, or grate away, with a rasp or some- 
thing comparable to it. 
Al that thise first vii [years of plenty] maken, 
Suleu this othere vii [years of famine] rospen & raken. 
Genesis and Exodus (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2132. 
That fellow . . . who insists that the shoe must fit him 
because it lilted his father and grandfather, and that, if 
his foot will not enter, he will pare and rasp it. 
Landor, Imaginary Conversations, Solon and Pisistratus. 
When the cane [in sugar-making] has been rasped to 
shreds [by a rasper], it is reduced to pulp by disintegrating 
apparatus. Spans' Encyc. Manuf., II. 1879. 
2. Figuratively, to affect or perform harshly, 
as if by the use of a rasp; grate upon; utter 
with a rough and jarring effect : as, to rasp one's 
feelings ; to rasp out a refusal. 
Through all the weird September- eves 
I heard the harsh, reiterant katydids 
Rasp the mysterious silence. 
./ . 0. Holland, Kathrina, i. 
Grating songs a listening crowd endures, 
Rasped from the throats of bellowing amateurs. 
0. W. Holmes, An After-Dinner Poem. 
II. intrans. To rub against something grat- 
ingly ; produce a rasping effect : as, the vessel 
rasped against the quay : literally or figuratively. 
Rasped harshly against his dainty nature. 
Lowell, Vision of Sir Launfal, i. 5. 
rasp 1 (rasp), n. [= D. Dan. Sw. rasp = G. raspe, 
< OF. raspe, F. rape (> G. rappe) (= It. raspa), 
a rasp, grater, < rasper, F. rdper, grate, rasp, 
file: see rasp 1 , v.] 1. A coarse form of file, 
having its surface dotted with separate pro- 
truding teeth, formed by the indentations of 
a pointed punch. In cabinet-rasps, wood-rasps, and 
farriers' rasps the teeth are cut in lines sloping down from 
the left- to the right-hand side ; in rasps for use in making 
boot, and shoe-lasts the teeth slope in the opposite way ; 
raspberry 
and rasps for makers of gun-stocks and saddletrees are 
cut with teeth arrayed in circular lines or in crescent 
form : sometimes used figuratively. 
The horses from the country were a goodly sight to see, 
with the rasp of winter bristles rising through and among 
the soft summer-coat. 
R. D. Blackinore, Lorna Doone, Ixix. 
2. A machine or large instrument for use in 
rasping; a rasper. 
The juice [of beet-roots] from the rasp and the press is 
brought into a boiler and heated by steam. 
Spans' Encyc. Manuf., I. 210. 
3. The radula or odontophore of a mollusk; 
the lingual ribbon. See cut under rtitlula. 4. 
A rasping surface, (at) The steel of a tinder-box. 
[Prov. Eng.] (6) The rough surface of the tongue of some 
animals. 
He dismounted when he came to the cattle, and walked 
among them, stroking their soft flanks, and feeling in the 
palm of his hand the rasp of their tongues. 
The Century, XXXV. 947. 
rasp 2 (rasp), n. [Formerly also respe, also ras- 
pis, raspise, raspice, respass (with occasional pi. 
raspisses), appar. orig. pi., prop, raspes (the ber- 
ries), used as sing, (the bush, and later trans- 
ferred to a single berry ?), prob. < rasp 1 , n., 
or abbr. of raspberry, < ram 1 4- berry 1 , with ref. 
to its rough outside ; cf. It. raspo, a raspberry 
(Florio): see rasp 1 .] The fruit of the common 
(European) raspberry. See raspberry. [Obso- 
lete or prov. Eng.] 
The soyle of this playne bryngeth foorth feme and bram- 
ble busshes bearynge blacke berries or wylde raspes, which 
two are tokens of coulde regions. 
Peter Martyr (tr. in Eden's First Books on America,, ed. 
[Arber, p. 172). 
For kindes of fruites, they haue . . . rasps, strawberies, 
and hurtilberies. Sakluyfs Voyages, I. 477. 
Rosey had done eating up her pine-apple, artlessly con- 
fessing . . . that she preferred it to the raspe and hinny- 
blobs in her grandmamma's garden. 
Thackeray, Newcomes, xxiii. 
rasp 3 (rasp), r. '. [Cf. G. rausnern, hawk or clear 
the throat; prob. imitative.] To belch; eject 
wind from the stomach. [Old and prov. Eng.] 
Let them bind gold to their aching head, drink Cleopa- 
tra's draught (precious stones dissolved), to ease their rasp- 
ing stomach. Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 424. 
This man of nice education hath a feeble stomacke, and 
(rasping since his last tnealc) doubts whether he should 
eat of his laste meale or nothing. 
Bp. Hall, Heaven upon Earth, 20. 
raspatory (ras'pa-to-ri), n. ; pi. raspatories (-riz). 
[< ML. raspatorium (cf. Sp. Pg. raspador, a 
scraper), < raspare, rasp, scrape: see rasp 1 , r.] 
A surgeons' rasp; an instrument for scraping 
or abrading bones in surgical or anatomical 
operations. 
raspberry (raz'ber'i), .; pi. raspberries (-iz). 
[Formerly also rasberry and raspis-berry ; < 
rasp 1 , or rasp 2 (see rasp 2 ), + berry 1 .'] 1. The 
fruit of several plants of the genus Biibus, con- 
sisting of many small juicy grains or drupes, 
which, unlike those of the blackberry, separate 
from the convex receptacle together when ripe, 
thus giving the fruit the shape of a thimble. 
Besides its extensive use as a dessert fruit, the raspberry 
is used for jellies and jam, and its juice for flavoring, for 
cooling drinks, and in wines and brandies. 
Herewith (at hand) taking her home of plentie, 
Fill'd with the choyse of every orchard's daintie, 
As peares, plums, apples, the sweet raspis-berry. 
W. Browne, Britannia s Pastorals, L 6. 
2. The plant that produces this berry. The com- 
mon garden raspberry, the first of the name, is Kubus Ida- 
us, a native of Europe and Asiatic Russia a shrub with 
perennial creeping rootstock; nearly erect, prickly, biennial 
stems, and a red pleasant fruit. It was cultivated by the 
Romans in the fourth century, and is the source of the best 
raspberries, affording many varieties, some of them yel- 
low-fruited. The wild red raspberry, R. strigosus, of North 
America, is a very similar plant, but not quite so tall, the 
leaves being thinner, and the fruit not so firm, large, or 
well-flavored. It is common northward, especially on new- 
ly cleared grounds, and its fruit is much gathered ; while 
under cultivation it has yielded several good varieties. 
The black raspberry, thimbleberry, or blackcap is the 
American R. occidentalis, a shrub with long recurved bi- 
ennial stems, rooting at the tips, and a black fruit. It is 
very productive with little care, and affords good garden 
varieties. Dwarf raspberry, an unimportant Ameri- 
can species, Rubus triflorus, with herbaceous trailing or 
ascending stems, resembling a blackberry. Flowering 
raspberry, a name of two American species, Rubus odo- 
rattts, the purple, and It. Nutkanus, the white flowering 
raspberry. The former is a rather ornamental shrub of 
the eastern United States, with ample three- to flve-lobed 
leaves, and showy purple or pink flowers blooming all 
summer, the fruit of little worth. In England it is some- 
times called Virginian raspberry. R. Sutkanus is a similar 
western species with white flowers ; also, and better, called 
salmon-berry. Himalayan raspberry, Rubus rosstfoli- 
us, an East Indian species widely naturalized and culti- 
vated in warm countries, and often grown as a greenhouse 
shrub, on account of its profusion of white, often double, 
flowers. The large fruit consists of many minute orange- 
red grains. Raspberry vinegar, a drink made with 
sugar, vinegar, and the juice of raspberries. Virginian 
raspberry. Nee flowering raspberry. 
