redundant 
2. Superfluous ; exceeding what is natural or 
necessary; superabundant; exuberant. 
Notwithstanding the redundant oil In fishes, they do not 
increase fat so much as flesh. Arbuthnot, Aliments, iv. 1. 
With foliage of such dark redundant growth. 
Cowper, Task, i. 226. 
A farmer's daughter, with redundant health. 
Crabbe, Works, VIII. 216. 
3. Using or containing more words or images 
than are necessary or useful: as, a redundant 
style. 
Where the author is redundant, mark those paragraphs 
to be retrenched. Watts. 
Redundant chord or Interval, in music, same as aug- 
mented chard or internal that is, one greater by a half -step 
than the corresponding major chord or interval. Also 
pluperfect, extreme, superfluous chord or interval. So re- 
dundant fourth, fifth, sixth, etc. Redundant hyper- 
bola, a curve having three or more asymptotes. Re- 
dundant number, a number the sum of whose divisors 
exceeds the number itself. 
redundantly ( re-dun 'dant-li), adv. In a redun- 
dant manner; with superfluity or excess; su- 
perfluously; superabundantly. 
red-underwing (red'un'der-wing), n. A large 
British moth, Catoeala nupta, expanding three 
inches, having the under wings red bordered 
with black. See undenting. 
reduplicate (re-du'pli-kat), v. [< ML. (LL. in 
derived noun) reduplicatus, pp. of reduplicare 
(> It. reduplicare = Sp. Pg. reduplicar), redou- 
ble, < L. re-, again, + duplicare, double, dupli- 
cate: see duplicate. Cf. redouble.] I. trans. 
1 . To double again ; multiply ; repeat. 
That reduplicated advice of our Saviour. 
Bp. Pearson, Expos, of Creed, xii. 
Then followed that ringing and reduplicated laugh of 
his, so like the joyous bark of a dog when he starts for a 
ramble with his master. 
Lowett, The Century, XXXV. 514. 
2. In pMlol.,to repeat, as a syllable or the in- 
itial part of a syllable (usually a root-syllable). 
See reduplication. 
II. intratts. In philol., to be doubled or re- 
peated; undergo reduplication : as, reduplicat- 
ing verbs. 
reduplicate (re-du'pli-kat), a. [= F. reduplique 
= Sp. Pg. reduplicado = it. reduplicate, < ML. re- 
duplicatus, pp. : see the verb.] 1. Redoubled; 
repeated ; reduplicative. 
Reduplicate words are formed of repetitions of sound, as 
in murmur, singsong. S. S. Haldeman, Etymology, p. 23. 
2. In l)Ot.: (a) Valvate, with the edges folded 
back so as to project outward: said of petals 
and sepals in one form of estivation. (6) De- 
scribing an estivation so characterized. Also 
reduplicative. 
reduplication (re-du-pli-ka'shon), n. [= F. re- 
duplication = Sp. reduplicacion = Pg. redupli- 
cacao = It. reduplicazione, < L. reduplicatio(u-), 
< (ML.) reduplicare, redouble, reduplicate : see 
reduplicate.] 1. The act of reduplicating, re- 
doubling, or repeating, or the state of being 
reduplicated. 
Jesus, by reduplication of his desire, fortifying it with a 
command, made it in the Baptist to become a duty. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835X I. 97. 
The memory-train is liable to change in two respects, 
which considerably modify its structure: viz., (1) through 
the evanescence of some parts, and (2) through the partial 
recurrence of like impressions, which produces reduplica- 
tions of varying amount and extent in other parts. 
J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 61. 
2. In rhet., a figure in which a verse ends with 
the same word with which the following begins. 
3. In philol. : (a) The repetition of a sylla- 
ble (usually a root-syllable), or of the initial 
part, often with more or less modification, in 
various processes of word-f ormation and inflec- 
tion. In our languages, it is especially the perfect tense 
that exhibits reduplication : thus, Gothic haihald, Latin 
cecini, Greek ir/>evya, Sanskrit babhara ; but also the pres- 
ent tense: thus, Latin ito, Greek SuSojfii, Sanskrit dadami, 
etc.; and elsewhere, (6) The new syllable formed 
by reduplication. 4. In logic, an expression 
affixed to the subject of a proposition, showing 
the formal cause of its possession of the predi- 
cate: as, "man, as an animal, has a stomach," 
where the expression "as an animal" is the re- 
duplication. 5. In anat. and rod?., a folding 
of a part ; a folded part ; a fold or duplication, 
as of a membrane, of the skin, etc. Also re- 
dnplicalure. Attic reduplication, in Or. gram., re- 
duplication in the perfect of some verbs beginning with 
o, e, o, by prefixing the first two letters of the stem to the 
same letters with temporal augment: as iAijJUin from 
aAei'<frw, aicriKoa from OLKOIHO. A similar reduplication is 
found in the second aorist (vyayov from aycu) and in the 
present (apoptmw). This reduplication did not especially 
characterize the Attic as distinguished from contemporary 
dialects, but was called Attic by late grammarians as op- 
posed to the less classic form used in their own days. 
5026 
Sinea diadema, one 
of the Rtdtfltiidae. 
( Line shows natural 
size. ) 
reduplicative (re-du'pli-ka-tiv), a. [< F. re- 
iln)ilicatif= Sp. Pg. redupllcativo = It. redupli- 
cative, < NL. reditjilirtttirttH, < ML. reduplicare, 
reduplicate: see reduplicate.] 1. Containing 
or effecting reduplication, in any sense. 
Some logicians refer reditplicatiee propositions to this 
place, as ' Men, considered as men, are lational creatures " 
that is, because they are men. Watts, Logic, ii. 2. 
2. In hot., same as reduplicate, 2. 
reduplicature (re-du'pli-ka-tur), n. [< redu- 
plicate + -lire.'] Same as reduplication, 5. 
[Bare.] 
The body [in Phyttopoda] Is either cylindrically elon- 
gated and clearly segmented, without free reduplicature of 
the skin, e. g. Branchipus, or it may be covered by a broad 
and flattened shield. Claus, Zoology (trans.), p. 416. 
Reduviidse (red-u-vi'i-de), n. pi. [NL. (Ste- 
phens, 1829), < Reduvius + -idee.] An important 
family of predaceous bugs, 
named from the genus Redu- 
vius. They have the thoracic seg- 
ments concentrated, the coxse short, 
two ocelli, four-jointed antennee, a 
three-jointed rostrum, three-jointed 
tarsi, and long strong legs, of which 
the anterior are sometimes prehen- 
sile. It is a large and wide-spread 
family, containing a great variety of 
forms grouped into nine subfamilies 
and many genera. Throughout their 
life they are predaceous and feed on 
other insects. A very few species, 
like Cimorhimts sanyuisugus, suck the 
blood of warm-blooded animals. See 
also cuts under Conorhinus, Harpac- 
tar, firatei, and Reduvius. 
reduyioid (re-du'vi-oid), a. and n. [< Reduvius 
+ -aid.] I. 'a. Of or pertaining to the Redu- 
riidte ; resembling a reduviid. 
II. n. A member of the family Reduriidee. 
Beduvius (re-du'vi-us), n. [N*L. (Fabricius, 
1776), < L. r'edm-ia, a hangnail.] A genus of 
heteropterous in- 
sects, typical of the 
family Reduriidte, 
formerly of very 
large extent, but 
now restricted to 
species which have 
the postocular sec- 
tion of the head 
longer than the an- 
. teocular section, 
fi.tly ( parts of rieht side removed); c, and the first joint 
of the head scarce- 
ly shorter than the second. About 60 species are 
now included, most of them African. A few are Euro- 
pean, and one only is found in America. R. persoiialui 
is a European species, an inch long, known as the fly-buy, 
of a dark-brown color with reddish legs, 
redux (re'duks), a. [L., that leads or brings 
back, also led or brought back, < reducere, lead or 
bring back: see reduce.] 1. Led or brought 
back, as from a distance, from captivity, etc.: 
as, "Astraaa Redux" (the title of a poem by 
Dryden on the restoration and return of 
Charles II.). 
Lady Laura Standish is the best character In " Phineas 
nn " and its sequel "Phineas Redux." 
Trollope, Autobiog., xvii. 
2. In med., noting the return of certain physi- 
cal signs, after their disappearance in conse- 
quence of disease. 
redware (red'war), n. A seaweed, Laminaria 
diaitata, the common tangle. 
red-Wat (red' wot'), a. [< red* + wat, a So. form 
of wet : see wet.] Wetted by something red, as 
blood. [Scoteh.] 
The hand of her kindred has been red-wot in the heart's 
blude o' my name ; but my heart says, Let byganes be by- 
ganes. Blackwood's Mag., VII. 384. 
redwater (red'wa/ter), n. A disease of cattle, 
also called Jiemoglobinuria, or hemogloMnemia, 
because the coloring matter (hemoglobin) of 
the red blood-corpuscles which have been 
broken up in the system appears in the urine, 
and imparts to it a pale-red or a dark-red, port- 
wine color. The disease prevails in various countries 
in undrained, unimproved meadows and in woods, whence 
it is also called wood-evil. According to some, it Is caused 
by the ingestion of food growing in such localities ; others 
attribute it to rheumatic attacks, resulting from exposure. 
Redwater is also a prominent symptom of Texas cattle- 
fever, and occasionally accompanies anthrax in cattle. It 
is rarely observed among sheep and swine. 
red-water tree (red'wa/ter tre). The sassy- 
bark tree. See Erythrophloeum. 
redweed (red 'wed), n. 1. The corn-poppy, 
Papaver Rlusas, whose red petals have been 
used as a dye. Also applied locally to various 
reddish-stemmed plants. [Eng.] 2. A spe- 
cies of Phytolacca, orpokeweed. [West Indies.] 
reech 
red-whelk (red'hwelk), H. A whelk, Chrysodo- 
mus antiques. See cut under reversed. [Local. 
Eng.] 
red-whiskered (red'hwis"kerd), a. Having red 
wniskers: applied in ornithology to several 
birds: as, the red-whiskered bulbul, Otocompsa 
jocosa of India. 
redwing (red 'wing), n. 1. The red-winged 
thrush of Europe, Turd us iliacus. 2. The red- 
winged marsh-blackbird of America, Agelseus 
plueniceus. See Agelseus and blackbird. 
red- winged (red' wingd), a. Having red wings, 
or red on the wings. 
red-withe (red'with), n. A high-climbing vine 
of tropical America, Combretiim Jacqiiiui. 
[West Indies.] 
redwood (red'wud), . 1. The most valuable of 
Californian timber-trees, Sequoia sempen-irens, 
or its wood. It occupies the Coast ranges, where ex- 
posed to ocean fogs, from the northern limit of the State 
to the southern borders of Monterey county, but is most 
abundant north of San Francisco. It is the only congener 
of the famous big or mammoth tree, which it almost rivals 
in size. It grows commonly from 200 to 800 feet high, with 
a straight cylindrical trunk, naked to the height of 70 or 
Finn' 
Branch with Cones of Redwood (Sequoia sempervireMS). 
a, a cone ; /', a seed. 
100 feet; the diameter is from 8 to 12 feet. The bark Is from 
6 to 12 inches thick, of a bright cinnamon color ; the wood 
is of a rich brownish red, light, straight-grained, easily 
worked and taking a fine finish, and very durable fn con- 
tact with the soil. It is the prevailing and most valuable 
building-timber of the Pacific coast; in California it is 
used almost exclusively for shingles, fence-posts, railway- 
ties, telegraph-poles, wine-butts, etc. 
2. The name is also applied to various other 
trees. Thus, the East Indian redwoods are Soymidafeb- 
rtfuffa, also called Eazt Indian mahogany ; Pterocarpus 
santalinus, the red sandalwood (see mndaheond) ; and P. 
Jndicug (including P. dalbergirrideg^, the Andaman red- 
wood, or padouk. The last is a lofty tree of India, Burma, 
the Andaman Islands, etc., with the heart-wood dark-red, 
close-grained, and moderately hard, used to make furni- 
ture, gun-carriages, carts, and for many other purposes. 
Other trees called redwood are Contus mas, of Turkey ; 
Ilhamnus Erythroxylon, the Siberian buckthorn ; JMelhania 
Erythroxylon of the Sterculiacese. an almost extinct tree of 
St. Helena ; the Jamaican Laplacea (Gordonia) Hsematoxy- 
lon of the Ternstroymiacese ; Colubrinafemtyinosa, a rham* 
naceous tree of the Bahamas: Ochna arborea of the Cape 
of Good Hope ; Ceanothus spinosus, a shrub or small tree 
of southern California ; and any tree of the genus Ery- 
throxylon. Redwood is also a local name of the Scotch 
pine. Seepinei. 
red-wood (red'wud), a. [Also red-mud; < red* 
intensive (cf. red-mad, etc.) + wood 2 , mad: 
see wood 2 .] Stark mad. [Scotch.] 
An' now she 's like to rin red-wud 
About her Whisky. 
Burns, Prayer to the Scotch Representatives. 
fee 1 (re), v. t. [Also rie; supposed to be a dial, 
reduction of riddle^.] To riddle; sift; sepa- 
rate or throw off. [Prov. Eng.] 
After malt Is well rubbed and winnowed, you must then 
ree it over in a sieve. Mortimer, Husbandry. 
ree 2 (re), a. [< ME. 'ree, reh,< AS. liredli, lirioli, 
contr. Iire6, fierce, wild, stormy, troubled, = OS. 
fere, wild.] 1 . Wild ; outrageous ; crazy. [Prov. 
Eng.] 2. Half-drunk; tipsy. [Prov. Eng.] 
ree 2 (re), n. [Cf. ree%, a.] A state of tempo- 
rary delirium. [Prov. Eng.] 
ree 3 (re), n. [Origin obscure.] A river; a 
flood. [Prov. Eng.] 
ree* (re), interj. A reduction (as an exclamation) 
of reet, dialectal form of right: used in driving 
horses. 
reebok (ra'bok), n. [< D. reebok = E. roebuck: 
see roebuck.] A South African antelope, Pelea 
capreola: so called by the Dutch colonists. The 
horns are smooth, long, straight, and slender, and so sharp 
at the point that the Hottentots and Bushmen use them 
for needles and bodkins. The reebok is nearly 5 feet in 
length . 2i feet high at the shoulder, of a slighter and more 
graceful form than most other antelopes, and extremely 
swift. Also reh-bok and rheebok. 
reecht, [< ME. recite, recch, an assibilated 
form of reek, smoke : see reek 1 .] Smoke. 
Such a rothun of a reche ros. 
Alliterative Pnem.t (E. E. T. S.), ii. 1009. 
