renascence 
ince of knowledge, and in a few years it transformed all. 
Experimental science, the science of philology, the science 
of politics, the critical investigation of religious truth, 
all took their origin from this Renascence this "New 
Birth " of the world. J. R. Green, Short Hist. Eng., vi. 4. 
renascency (re-nas'en-si), . [As renascence 
(see -cy).] Same as renascence. 
Job would not only curse the day of his nativity, but also 
of his renaxcency, if lie were to act over his disasters and 
the miseries of the dunghill. 
Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., 111. 25. 
Leave the stools as close to the ground as possible, es- 
pecially if you design a renascency from the roots. 
Evelyn, Sylva, ill. 3. 
renascent (re-nas'ent), a. [= F. renaissant = 
L. renascen(t-)s, ppr. of renasci, be born again, 
grow, rise or spring up again, revive, < re- + 
nasci, be born : see nascent.] Springing or ris- 
ing into being again ; reproduced; reappear- 
ing; rejuvenated. 
renascible (re-nas'i-bl), a. [< L. renasci, be 
born again (see renascent), + -ible.] Capable 
of being reproduced ; able to spring again into 
being. Imp. Diet. 
renatt, An obsolete form of rennet 2 . 
renate 1 ! (re-naf), a. [= F. rene = It. rinato, 
< L. renatiis, pp. of renasci, be born again : see 
renascent.] Born again ; regenerate. 
Father, you shall know that I put my portion to use that 
you have given me to live by ; 
And, to confirm yourself in me renate, 
I hope you'll find my wit 's legitimate. 
Beau, and Ft., Wit at Several Weapons, 1. 2. 
renate 2 t, n- An obsolete form of rennet 2 . 
renatedt (re-na'ted), a. [< renate^ + -ed 2 .] 
Same as renate 1 . 
Suche a pernycious fable and ftccion, being not onely 
straunge and marveylous, but also prodigious and unnat- 
urall, to leyne a dead man to be renated and newely borne 
agayiie. Hall, Hen. VII., f. 82. (Halliimll.) 
renayt, v. See reny. 
rench (rench), v. t. A dialectal form of rinse. 
[Prov. Eng. and U. S.] 
rencounter (ren-koun'ter), v. [Also rencontre; 
< OF. (and F.) rencontrer (= It. rincontrare), en- 
counter, meet, < re-, again, + encontrer, meet: 
see encounter.] I. trans. 1. To meet unex- 
pectedly; fall in with. [Rare.] 2f. To at- 
tack hand to hand ; encounter. 
And him rencountring fierce, reskewd the noble pray. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. iv. 39. 
As yet they sayd, blessed be God they kepte the feldes, 
and none to rencontre them. 
Berners, tr. of Frolssart's Chron., II. Ixxxviii. 
II. intrans. To meet an enemy unexpect- 
edly; clash; come in collision; fight hand to 
hand. 
rencounter (ren-koun'ter), . [Also rencontre, 
and early mod. E. also re-encounter; < OF. (and 
F.) rencontre = It. rincontro, a meeting, en- 
counter; from the verb: see rencounter, v.] 1. 
An antagonistic or hostile meeting; a sudden 
coming in contact; collision; combat. 
The Vice- Admiral of Portugal . . . was engaged in close 
Fight with the Vice-Admiral of Holland, and after many 
tough Rencounters they were both blown up, and burnt 
together. Ilowell, Letters, I. vi. 40. 
The justling chiefs in rude rencounter join. 
GranvUle, Progress of Beauty. 
2. A casual combat or action ; a sudden con- 
test or fight; a slight engagement between ar- 
mies or fleets. 
Will reckons every misfortune that he has met with 
among the women, and every rencounter among the men 
as parts of his education. Addison, The Man of the Town. 
=Syn. 2. Skirmish, Brush, etc. See encounter. 
renculus (reng'ku-lus), .; pi. renculi (-11). 
[NL., < L. reniculus, a little kidney, dim. ofren, 
pi. renes, the kidneys : see ren s , reins.] A lobe 
of a kidney. 
rend 1 (rend), v. ; pret. and pp. rent (formerly 
also rended), ppr. rending. [< ME. renden, reen- 
deit (pret. rende, rente, rent, pi. rendden, pp. 
rended, irend, rent), < AS. (ONorth.) rendan 
(pret. pi. rendiin, rindon), also hrendan (and in 
comp. to-rendan: see torend), cut down, tear 
down, = OFries. renda, randa, North Fries, reu- 
ne, tear, break; perhaps akin to hrindan (pret. 
In-null), push, thrust, =Icel. lirinda (pret. nratt), 
push, kick, throw ; Skt. / krit, cut, cut down, 
Litli. kirsti, cut, hew; cf. L. crena, a notch: see 
crenate\ cranny*. Cf. mi* 1 .] I. trans. 1. To 
separate into parts with force or sudden vio- 
lence; tear asunder; split. 
He rent the siiyle with hokes lyke a sithe 
He bringeth the cuppe and biildeth hem be blithe. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 046. 
An evil beast hath devoured him ; Joseph is without 
doubt rent in pieces. Gen. xxxvii. 33. 
5075 
With this, the grave venerable bishop, giving me his 
benediction, fetcht such a sigh that would have rended a 
rock asunder. 
Hoicell, Twelve Several Treatises, etc., p. 331. 
Aloud they heat their Breasts, and tore their Hair, 
Rending around with Shrieks the suff'ring Air. 
Congreve, Iliad. 
2. To remove or pluck away with violence ; tear 
away. 
I will surely rend the kingdom from thee. 1 Ki. xi. 11. 
If I thought that, I tell thee, homicide, 
These nails should rend that beauty from my cheeks. 
Shak., Rich. III., 1. 2. 126. 
They from their mothers' breasts poor orphans rend, 
Nor without gages to the needy lend. 
Sandys, Paraphrase upon Job, xxiv. 
To rap and rend. See rap2. = Syn. 1. Kip, Tear, Rend, 
Split, Cleave, Fracture, Chop. In garments we rip along 
the line at which they were sewed ; we tear the texture of 
the cloth; we say, "It is not torn; it is only ripped." 
More broadly, rip, especially with up, stands for a cutting 
open or apart with a quick, deep stroke: as, to rip up a 
body or a sack of meal. Rend implies great force or vio- 
lence. To split is primarily to divide lengthwise or by the 
grain : as, to split wood. Cleave may be a more dignified 
word for split, or it may express a cutting apart by a 
straight, heavy stroke. Fracture may represent the next 
degree beyond cracking, the lightest kind of breaking, 
leaving the parts in place : as, & fractured bone or plate of 
glass ; or it may be a more formal word for break. To chop 
is to cut apart with a heavy stroke, which Is generally 
across the grain or natural cleavage, or through the nar- 
row dimension of the material : chapping wood is thus dis- 
tinguished from splitting wood. 
II. intrans. 1. To be or to become rent or 
torn; become disunited ; split; part asunder. 
The very principals did seem to rend, 
And ail-to topple. Shak., Pericles, Hi. 2. 16. 
She from the rending earth and bursting skies 
Saw gods descend, and fiends infernal rise. 
Pope, Essay on Man, ill. 263. 
2. To cause separation, division, or strife. 
But ye, keep ye on earth 
Your lips from over-speech, . . . 
For words divide and rend, 
But silence is most noble to the end. 
Swinburne, Atalanta in Calydon. 
rend 2 t, v. An obsolete variant of reri 1 . 
render 1 (ren'der), n. [< rend 1 + -er 1 .] One 
who rends or tears by violence. 
Our renders will need be our reformers and repairers. 
Bp. Oauden, Bp. Brownrigg, p. 242. (Latham.) 
render 2 (ren'der), v. [< ME. renderen, rendren, 
< OF. (and F.) rendre = Pr. rendr,reddre, redre, 
retre = Cat. Sp. rendir = Pg. render = It. rendere, 
rendering 
What best may ease 
The present misery, and render hell 
More tolerable. M-ilton, P. L., ii. 459. 
5. To translate, as from one language into an- 
other. 
Thus with Mammonaes moneie he hath made hym frendes, 
And is ronne in-to Religioun, and hath rendred the bible, 
And precheth to the poeple seynt Poules wordes. 
Piers Plowman (B), viii. 90. 
The Hebrew Shedl, which signifies the abode of depart- 
ed spirits, and corresponds to the Greek Hades, or the un- 
der world, is variously rendered in the Authorised Ver- 
sion by "grave," "pit, and "hell." 
Pref. to Revised Version of Holy Bible (1884). 
6. To interpret, or express for others, the mean- 
ing, spirit, and effect of ; reproduce ; represent : 
as, to render a part in a drama, a piece of mu- 
sic, a scene in painting, etc. 
I observe that in our Bible, and other books of lofty 
moral tone, it seems easy and inevitable to render the 
rhythm and music of the original into phrases of equal 
melody. Emerson, Books. 
Under the strange-statued gate, 
Where Arthur's wars were render'd mystically. 
Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
7t. To report; exhibit; describe. 
I have heard him speak of that same brother ; 
And he did render him the most unnatural 
That lives amongst men. 
Shak., As you Like it, iv. 3. 123. 
8. To reduce; try out; clarify by boiling or 
steaming: said of fats: as, kettle-raiderai lard. 
Tallow is chiefly obtained from the fat of sheep and 
oxen, the tallow being first rendered, as it is technically 
called that is, separated from the membranous matter 
with which it is associated in the form of suet. 
Watt, Soap making, p. 26. 
9. In building, to plaster directly on the brick- 
work and without the intervention of laths. 
10. To pass or pull through a pulley or the 
like, as a rope Account rendered. See account. 
To render up, to surrender ; yield up. 
You have our son ; touch not a hair of his head ; 
Render him up unscathed. Tennyson, Princess, Iv. 
=Syn. 1. To restore. 3. To contribute, supply. 5 and 
6. Interpret, etc. See translate. 
II. intrans. If. Togive an account; make ex- 
planation or confession. 
My boon is, that this gentleman may render 
Of whom he had this ring. 
Shak., Cymbeline, v. 5. 186. 
2. To be put or passed through a pulley or the 
like. 
< ML. rendere, nasalized form of L. reddere, re- ren der 2 (ren'der), . [< render 2 , v. ; in part < 
store give back < red-, back, + dare, give : see OF. rendre, used as a noun : see render 2 , v.] 1 . 
datei. Cf. reddttton, rendition etc., and surren- A return ; a payment, especially a payment of 
der, rendezvous. Besides the intrusion of n by ren t. 
the orig. dd, this word in E. is In tnose ^^ times the king , s nollsehold ( as well aa 
those of inferior lords) were supported by specific renders 
of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the re- 
spective demesnes. Elackstone, Com., I. viii. 
Each person of eighteen years old on a fief paid a cer- 
as a personal payment. Brougham. 
The rent or render was 'Is. yearly. 
Bai-nes, Hist. Lancashire, II. 49. 
2f. A giving up ; surrender. 
Take thou my oblation, poor but free, 
Which is not mix'd with seconds, knows no art 
But mutual render, only me for thee. 
Shak., Sonnets, cxxv. 
Three Years after this the disinherited Barons held out, 
till at length Conditions of Render are propounded. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 88. 
3. An account given; a statement; a confes- 
sion. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] 
Newness 
Of Cloten's death . . . may drive us to a render 
Where we have lived, and so extort from 's that 
Which we have done. Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 4. 11. 
4. Plaster put directly on a wall Render and 
set, in plastering, two-coat work applied directly on stone 
or brick walls. Render, float, and set, three-coat plas- 
tering executed directly on stone or hrick. To lie in ren- 
der, in old Eng. law, to be subject to an obligation of offer- 
ing to deliver the thing, as rent, release, heriots, etc., which 
it was for the obligor to perform : distinguished from to lie 
^ lar in the retention of the inf. ter- 
mination -er. It would be reg. "rend; of. de- 
fend, offend, from OF. defendre, offendre. The 
form of the verb render, however, may be due 
to conformity with the noun, which is in part 
the OF. inf. used as a noun (like remainder, tro- 
ver, etc.).] I. traits. 1. To give or pay back ; 
give in return, or in retribution ; return: some- 
times with back. 
I will render vengeance to mine enemies. 
Deut. xxxii. 41. 
See that none render evil for evil unto any man. 
1 Thes. v. 15. 
And render back their cargo to the main. 
Addison, Remarks on Italy, Pesaro, etc., to Rome. 
What shall I render to my God 
For all his kindness shown? 
Watts, What shall I Render' 
2. To give up; yield; surrender. 
Orestes be right shuld render his londes, 
. And be exilede for euermore, as orible of dede. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 13069. 
To Cresar will I render 
My legions and my horse. 
Shak., A. and C., iii. 10. 38. 
My sword lost, but not forc'd ; for discreetly 
I render d it, to save that imputation. 
Beau, and Fl., King and No King, Iv. 3. _ ._. , 
3 To irive- furnish- m-psonr- affm-rl fnr IKK, in prender, which is said of things that might be taken by 
i, piesent, afford tor use the lord without any offer by the tenant, such as an escheat, 
or benefit; often, to give officially, or in com- renderable (ren'der-a-bl), a. [< render? + 
phance with a request or duty: as, to render -able.] Capable of being rendered. Cotarave 
assistance or service; the court rendered judg- Tenderer (ren'der-er), n. [< render^ + -er 1 1 
n ' Bnt One who renders. 
ment. 
The sluggard is wiser in his own conceit than seven 
men that can retider a reason. Prov. xxvi. 16. 
Ores. In kissing, do you render or receive ? 
Pair. Both take and give. Shak., T. and C., Iv. 5. 86. 
You buy much that is not rendered in the bill. 
Emerson, Conduct of Life. 
4. To make or cause to be ; cause to become ; 
invest with certain qualities: as, to render a rendering*(ren'der-ing), . [< ME. reiiderynye ; 
fortress more secure or impregnable. verbal n. of render*, v.] 1. The act of translat- 
Ohyejtods, S> also, a version ; translation. 
Render me worthy of this noble wife! In casesof doubt the alternative rendering has been given 
in the margin. Pref. to Revised Version of Holy BiW(1884). 
The heathen astrologers and renderers of oracles wisely 
forbore to venture on such predictions. 
Boyle, Works, VI. 679. 
The rmdererjs name shall be distinctly marked on each 
tierce at the time of packing, with metallic brand, mark- 
ing-iron, or stencil. 
New York Produce Exchange Report (1888-9), p. 172. 
Shak., J. C., ii. 1. ; 
