representation 
He [Daniel Gookin] was the originator anil the prophet 
of that immortal dogma of our national greatness no 
taxation without npmntteUon. 
It. C. Tyler, Amer. Lit., I. 154. 
As for the principle of representation, that seems to have 
been an invention of the Teutonic mind ; no statesman of 
antiquity, either in Greece or at Rome, seems to have con- 
ceived the idea of a city sending delegates armed with ple- 
nary powers to represent its interests in a general legisla- 
tive assembly. J. Fiske, Amer. Pol. Ideas, p. 59. 
In these small (Grecian] commonwealths representation 
is unknown ; whatever powers may be entrusted to indi- 
vidual magistrates or to smaller councils, the supreme au- 
thority must rest with an assembly in which every quali- 
fied citizen gives his vote in his own person. 
E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 246. 
9. A representative or delegate, or a number 
of representatives collectively. 
The representations of the people are most obviously sus- 
ceptible of improvement. J. Adams, Works, IV. 284. 
Proportional representation, representation, as In a 
political assembly, according to the number of electors, 
inhabitants, etc., in an electoral district or other unit. 
This principle is recognized in the United States House 
of Representatives and in many other bodies, especially 
those of a popular character. Pure representation. 
See pure. =Syn. 3. Show; delineation, portraiture, like- 
ness, resemblance. 
representational (rep"re-zen-ta'shon-al), a. 
[' representation + -al.~] Pertaining to or con- 
taining representation, in any sense; of the 
nature of representation. 
We find that in " constructive imagination " a new 
kind of effort is often requisite in order to dissociate these 
representational complexes as a preliminary to new com- 
binations. J. Ward, Encyc. Brit., XX. 57. 
representationary (rop"re-zen-ta'shon-a-ri), a. 
[' representation + -ary.] Of or pertaining to 
representation; representative: as, a repre- 
sentationary system of government. [Bare.] 
Imp. Diet. 
representationism (rep"re-zen-ta'shqn-izm), 
M. [< representation + -ism."\ The doctrine, 
held by Descartes and others, that in the per- 
ception of the external world the immediate ob- 
ject of consciousness is vicarious, or represen- 
tative of another and principal object beyond 
the sphere of consciousness Egoistical repre- 
sentationism. .See egoistic. 
representationist (rep'^e-zen-ta'shon-ist), n. 
[< representation + -ist.] One who holds the 
doctrine of representationism. 
The representationists, as denying to consciousness the 
cognisance of aught beyond a merely subjective phenom- 
enon, are likewise idealists ; yet, as positing the reality of 
an external world, they must be distinguished as cosmo- 
thetic idealists. Hamilton, Reid's Works, Note C, 1. 
representative (rep-re-zen'ta-tiv), a. and n. 
[' F. reprexentatif = Pr. representatiu = Sp. 
Pg. representative = It. rappresentativo, < ML. 
reprxscntativus, < L. repreesentare, represent: 
see represent.'] I. a. 1 . Representing, portray- 
ing, or typifying. 
Representative [poesy] is as a visible history, and is an 
image of actions as if they were present, as history is of 
actions in nature as they are, (that is) past. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
They relieve themselves with this distinction, and yet 
own the legal sacrifices, though representative, to be proper 
and real. Sp. Atterbury. 
Men have a pictorial or representatiae quality, and serve 
us in the intellect. Behmen and Swedenborg saw that 
things were representative. Men are also representative 
first, of things, and, secondly, of ideas. 
Emerson, Representative Men, p. 14. 
2. Acting as the substitute for or agent of an- 
other or of others; performing the functions 
of another or of others. 
This council of four hundred was chosen, one hundred 
out of each tribe, and seems to have been a body repre- 
sentative of the people. Swift. 
The more multitudinous a representative assembly may 
be rendered, the more it will partake of the infirmities 
incident to collective meetings of the people. 
A. Hamilton, Federalist, No. 58. 
3. Pertaining to or founded on representation 
of the people; conducted by the agency of 
delegates chosen by or representing the peo- 
ple : as, a rcpresentatire government. 
A representative government, even when entire, cannot 
possibly be the seat of sovereignty the supreme and ul- 
timate power of a State. The very term representative 
implies a superior in the individual or body represented. 
Calhoun, Works, 1. 190. 
He [Cromwell] gave the country a constitution far more 
perfect than any which had at that time been known In 
the world. He reformed the representative system in a 
manner which has extorted praise even from Lord Claren- 
don. Macaulay. 
4. In biol.: (<t) Typical; fully presenting, or 
alone representing, the characters of a given 
class or group : as, in zoology and botany, the 
representative genus of a family. 
No one human being can be completely the representa- 
tive man of his race. Palarave. (Latham.) 
320 
5089 
(6) Representing in any group the characters 
of another and different group: chiefly used in 
the quinarian system; also, pertaining to such 
supposed representation: as, the representative 
theory, (c) In zoogeography, replacing; tak- 
ing the place of, or holding a similar position: 
as, the llama is representative of the camel in 
America. 5. In psychol. and logic, mediately 
known ; known by means of a representation 
or object which signifies another object. 
The chief merit or excellence of a representative image 
consists in its distinctness or clearness. 
J. Sully, Outlines of Psychol., p. 227. 
Representative cognitions, or those in which conscious- 
ness is occupied with the relations among ideas or repre- 
sented sensations, as in all acts of recollection. 
H, Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., 480. 
Representative being, being as an immediate object 
of consciousness. Representative faculty, the faculty 
of representing images which the reproductive faculty has 
evoked ; the imagination. Representative function, a 
function having the properties of <f> (a, n), stated below, un- 
der representative integral. Representative Integral, 
an integral of the form 
/ fa . (a, n) . da, 
where /a is a function of limited variation between A and 
another limit, B, exceeding 6, while $ (a, n) Is (1) such a 
function of a and the parameter n that the integral of it 
between the same limits is less than an assignable finite 
quantity, whatever value between A and B be given to b, 
and whatever value be given to n; and (2) is such that 
when n tends toward infinity, the integral of <J> (a, n) from 
A to 6, where 6 is greater than A and less than B, tends 
toward a constant finite value. This is called a represen- 
tative integral, because it is equal to the function /A mul- 
tiplied by a constant. Representative knowledge, 
knowledge of a thing by means of a mental image, but 
not as actually existing. Representative primogeni- 
ture. See primogeniture. 
II. M. I. One who or that which represents 
another person or thing; that by which any- 
thing is represented or exhibited. 
This doctrine supposes the perfections of God to be rep- 
resentatives to us of whatever we perceive in the creatures. 
Locke. 
A statue of Rumour, whispering an idiot in the ear, who 
was the representative of credulity. Addison, Freeholder. 
This breadth entitles him [Plato] to stand as the repre- 
sentative of philosophy. 
Emerson, Representative Men, p. 44. 
2. An agent, deputy, or substitute, who sup- 
plies the place of another or others, being in- 
vested with his or their authority: as, an at- 
torney is the representative of his client or em- 
ployer; specifically, a member of the British 
House of Commons, or, in the United States, 
of the lower branch of Congress (the House 
of Representatives) or of the corresponding 
branch of the legislature in some States. 
Then let us drink the Stewartry, 
Kerroughtree's laird, and a' that t 
Our representative to be. 
Burns, Election Ballads, i. 
The tribunes of Rome, who were the representatives of 
the people, prevailed, it is well known, in almost every 
contest with the senate for life. 
A. Hamilton, Federalist, No. 63. 
There are four essentials to the excellence of a repre- 
sentative system : That the representatives . . . shall be 
representatives rather than mere delegates. 
Bryce, Amer. Commonwealth, I. 296. 
3. In law: (a) One who occupies another's 
place and succeeds to his beneficial rights in 
such a way that he may also in some degree 
be charged with his liabilities. Thus, an heir or 
devisee, since, to the extent of the property to which he 
succeeds, he is liable for his ancestor's debts, is a repre- 
sentative of the ancestor; but the widow, who takes part 
of the estate as dower, without liability, is not deemed a 
representative of the deceased ; nor is an officer or trustee 
who succeeds to the rights and powers of the office or 
trust a representative of his predecessor, for, though he 
comes under liability in respect of the office or trust as his 
predecessor did, he does not succeed to the liabilities which 
his predecessor had incurred. The executor or administra- 
tor is sometimes spoken of as the representative of the dece- 
dent, but is usually distinguished by being called the per- 
sonal representative, (ft) One who takes under the 
Statute of Descents or the Statute of Distribu- 
tions, or under a will or trust deed, a share which 
by the primary intention would have gone to his 
parent had the parent survived to the time for 
taking. If a gift has vested in interest absolutely in the 
parent, then, upon the parent's death before it vests in pos- 
session, the child will take as successor in interest of the 
parent, but not as representative of the parent in this sense. 
But if the parent dies before acquiring any interest what- 
ever, as where one of several heirs apparent dies before 
the ancestor, leaving a child or children, the other heirs 
take their respective shares as if the one had not died, 
and the child or children of the deceased take the share 
their deceased parent would have taken. In this case all 
who share are representatives of the ancestor in sense (a), 
and the child or children are also representatives of the 
deceased heir apparent in sense (6). See representation, 7. 
House of Representatives, the lower branch of the 
United States Congress, consisting of members chosen bi- 
ennially by the people. It consists at present (1890) of 
repression 
about 330 members. In many of the separate States, also, 
the lower branch of the legislature is called the House of 
Representatives. Personal representative. See per- 
sonal. Real representative, an heir at law or devisee. 
representatively (rop-re-zen'ta-tiv-li), adv. In 
a representative manner; as or through a rep- 
resentative. 
Having sustained the brunt of God's displeasure, he [our 
Lord] was solemnly reinstated in favour and we represen- 
tatively, or virtually, in him. Barrow, Works, V. 468. 
representativeness (rep-re-zen'ta-tiv-ues), n. 
The character of being representative. 
representer (rep-re-zen'ter), . One who or 
that whicli represents, (a) One who or that which 
shows, exhibits, or describes. 
Where the real works of nature or veritable acts of story 
are to be described, . . . art being but the imitator or sec- 
ondary representor, it must not vary from the verity of the 
example. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., v. 19. 
(b) A representative ; one who acts by deputation. [Rare. ] 
My Muse officious ventures 
On the nation's represented. 
Swift. 
representment (rep-re-zent'ment), n. [= It. 
rappresentamento; \ represent + -went."] Repre- 
sentation; renewed presentation. [Obsolete 
or archaic.] 
Grant that all our praises, hymns, eucharistical remem- 
brances, and representmenti of thy glories may be useful, 
blessed, and effectual. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 226. 
So far approv'd as to have bin trusted with fherepresent- 
mentand defence of your Actions to all Christendom against 
an Adversary of no mean repute. 
Hilton, To the Parliament. 
Turning to Alice, the soul of the first Alice looked out 
at her eyes with such a reality of re-presentment that I be- 
came in doubt which of them stood there before me. 
Lamb, Dream Children. 
repress (re-pres'), v. t. [< ME. repressen (cf. F. 
represser, press again), < L. repressus, pp. of re- 
primerc, hold back, check, < re-, back, + ore- 
were, press: see press^.~\ 1. To press back or 
down effectually; crush; quell; put down; sub- 
due; suppress. 
All this while King Richard was in Ireland, where he 
performed Acts, in repressing the Rebels there, not un- 
worthy of him. Bolter, Chronicles, p. 160. 
If your Spirit will not let you retract, yet you shall do 
well to repress any more Copies of the Satire. 
Howell, Letters, ii. 2. 
And sov'reign Law, that state's collected will, . . . 
Sits Empress, crowning good, repressing ill. 
Sir W. Jones, Ode in Imit. of Alcrcus. 
This attempt at desertion he repressed at the hazard of 
his life. Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 102. 
2. To check; restrain; keep underdue restraint. 
Such kings . . . 
Favour the innocent, repress the bold. 
Waller, Ruin of the Turkish Empire. 
Though secret anger swell'd Minerva's breast, 
The prudent goddess yet her wrath represt. 
Pope, Iliad, vlli. 573. 
Sophia even repressed excellence, from her fears to of- 
fend. Goldsmith, Vicar, i. 
= Syn. 1. To curb, smother, overcome, overpower. 1 and 
2. Restrict, etc. See restrain. 
represst (re-pres'), K. [< repress, .] The act 
of subduing. 
Loud outcries of injury, when they tend nothing to the 
repress of it, is a liberty rather assumed by rage and im- 
patience than authorized by justice. 
Government of the Tongue. (Encyc. Diet.) 
represser (re-pres'er), n. One who represses; 
one who crushes or subdues. Imp. IHct. 
repressible (re-pres'i-bl),. [< repress + -iWc.] 
Capable of being repressed or restrained . Imp. 
Diet. 
repressibly (re-pres'i-bli), adv. In a repressi- 
ble manner. Imp. Diet. 
repressing-machine (re-pres'ing-ma-shen"), . 
1. A machine for making pressed bricks, or for 
giving them a finishing pressing. 2. A heavy 
cotton-press for compressing cotton-bales into 
as compact form as possible for transportation. 
repression (re-presh'on), n. [< ME. repression, 
< OF. repression, F. repression = Sp. reprcsion = 
Pg. repressSo = It. repressione, ripressione,<. ML. 
repressio(n-), < L. reprimere, pp. repressus, re- 
press, check: see repress.] 1. The act of re- 
pressing, restraining, or subduing: as, the re- 
pression of tumults. 
We see him as he moved, . . . 
With what sublime repression of himself, 
And in what limits, and how tenderly. 
Tennyson, Idylls, Dedication. 
The condition of the papacy itself occupied the minds 
of the bishops too much ... to allow time for elaborate 
measures of repression. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 404. 
2. That which represses; check; restraint. 
3f. Power of repressing. 
And som so ful of furie is and despite 
That it snrmounteth his repression. 
Chaucer. Troilus, lii. 10B8. 
