reverberate 
sente suche a maner of lyght as we haue in Sommer two 
houres before the Hunne ryse. 
R. Eden (First Books on America, ed. Arber, p. xlii.). 
How still your voice with prudent discipline 
My Prentice ear doth oft reverberate. 
Sylvester, tr. of Ou Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Handy-Crafts. 
II. in trims. 1. To be driven back or re- 
flected, as light or heat. 
For the perpendicular beames reflect and reverberate 
in themselves, so that the heat is doubled, euery beame 
striking twice. Uakluyt's Voyages, III. 49. 
2. To echo; reecho; resound. 
And even at hand a drum is ready braced, 
That shall reverberate all as well as thine. 
Shak., K. John, v. 2. 170. 
E'en for a demi-groat this opened soul . . . 
Reverberates quick, and sends the tuneful tongue 
To lavish music on the rugged walls 
Of some dark dungeon. Shenstone, Economy, i. 
Echoes die off, scarcely reverberate 
Forever why should ill keep echoing ill, 
And never let our ears have done with noise? 
Browning, Ring and Book, II. 27. 
3. To apply reverberated heat ; use reverbera- 
tory agency, as in the fusing of metals. 
Sub. Out of that calx I have won the salt of mercury. 
Mam. By pouring on your rectified water? 
Sub. Yes, and reverberating in Athanor. 
B. Jonton, Alchemist, ii. 1. 
= Syn, Recoil, etc. See rebound. 
reverberate (re-ver'ber-at), a. [< L. reeerbera- 
tus, pp. of reverberare, cast back, repel : see the 
verb.] 1. Reverberated; cast back; returned; 
reflected. 
The lofty hills . . . 
Sent forth such echoing shouts (which, every way so shrill, 
With the reverberate sound the spacious air did fill), 
That they were eas'ly heard through the Vergivian main. 
Drayton, Polyolbion, U. 58. 
2. Reverberant; causing reverberation. 
Halloo your name to the reverberate hills. 
Shale., T. N., i. 5. 291. 
I was that bright face, 
Reflected by the lake in which thy race 
Read mystic lines, which skill Pythagoras 
First taught to men by a reverberate glass. 
B. Jonson, Masque of Blackness. 
reverberation (re-ver-be-ra'shon), n. [< ME. 
reverberacioun, < OF. reverberation, F. reverbera- 
tion = Pi. reverberatio = Sp. reverberation = 
Pg. renerberacSo = It. reverberazione, riverbera- 
zione, < L. reverberare, pp. reverberatus, beat 
back: see reverberate.] 1. The act of rever- 
berating, or of driving or turning back ; particu- 
larly, the reflection of sound, light, or heat : now 
chiefly of sound. 
Every soun 
Nis but of elr reverberacioun. 
Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 626. 
Also another maner of fler : sette goure vessel forseid to 
the strong reuerberacioun of the sunne in somer tyme, and 
lete it stonde there nygt and day. 
Book of Quinte Essence (ed. Furnivall), p. 6. 
The days are then very longe in that clime, and hot by 
reason of contynuall reverberation of the beames of the 
soonne, and shorte nyghtes. 
K. Eden, tr. of Sebastian Cabot (First Books on America, 
[ed. Arber, p. 287). 
In these straights we frequently alighted, now freezing 
in the snow, and anon frying by the reverberation of the 
sun against the cliffs as we descend lower. 
Evelyn, Diary, March 23, 1646. 
My tub, which holds fifty-fold thy wisdom, would crack 
at the reverberation of thy voice. 
Landor, Diogenes and Plato. 
2. Resonance ; sympathetic vibration. 3. 
That which is reverberated ; reverberated light, 
heat, or sound : now chiefly sound. 
Then through those realms of shade, in multiplied rever- 
berations, 
Heard he that cry of pain. Longfettnw, Evangeline, ii. 5. 
A ... shed, ... in strong contrast to the room, was 
painted with a red reverberation, as from furnace doors. 
R. L. Stevenson, The Dynamiter, p. 56. 
4. The circulation of flame in a specially form- 
ed furnace, or its deflection toward the hearth 
of the furnace, as in the reverberatory fur- 
nace (which see, under furnace). 
First je moste the rijt blak erthe of oon hide nature 
[of vnkinde nature, Harl. 853), in the furneys of glas mon 
[made, Harl. 853], or ellis reuerberacioun, xxj. dayes cal- 
cyne. Book of Quinte Essence (ed. Furnivall), p. 13. 
The evolved heat [in a rotative furnace] is ... trans- 
mitted by reverberation and conduction to the mixture of 
ore, fluxes, and coal. Ure, Diet., II. 945. 
reverberatiye (re-ver'ber-a-tiv), a. [< rever- 
berate + -<?.] Tending to reverberate; re- 
flecting; reverberant. 
This reverberative influence is what we have intended 
above as the influence of the mass upon its centres. 
/. Taylor. 
reverberator (re-ver'Wr-a-tor), . [< reverber- 
ate + -or 1 .] That which reverberates; espe- 
Section of Reverberatory Furnace. 
5135 
cially, that which reflects light; a reflecting 
lamp. 
reverberatory (re-ver'ber-a-to-ri), a. [= F. >'- 
verberatoire = Pg. reverberatorio = It. riverbera- 
tiim; as reverberate + -ory.~\ 1. Characterized 
by or liable 
to reverbera- 
tion ; tending 
to reverber- 
ate. 2. Pro- 
ducing rever- 
beration; act- 
ing by rever- 
beration; re- 
verberating: 
as, a reverbera- 
tory furnace 
or kiln. See reverberation, 4, and/wrwace, and 
cut under fniddling-furnace. 
Reverdin's operation. See operation. 
reverduret (re-ver'dur), v. t. [< re- + verdure.] 
To cover again with verdure. [Rare.] 
The swete tyme of Marche was come, and the wyndcs 
were apeased, and ye waters swaged of their rages, and 
the wodes reverdured. 
Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., II. clix. 
revere 1 (re-veV), . t. ; pret. and pp. revered, 
ppr. revering. [< OF. reverer, F. reverer = It. 
reverire, riverire,(. Li.revereri, revere, fear,< re-, 
again, + vereri, fear, regard, feel awe of, akin 
to E. ware 1 .] To regard with deepest respect 
and awe ; venerate ; reverence ; hold in great 
honor or high esteem. 
Whose word is truth, as sacred and revered 
As Heaven's own oracles from altars heard. 
Pope, Imit. of Horace, II. i. 27. 
I see men of advanced life, whom from infancy I have 
been taught to revere. 
D. Webster, Speech at Concord, Sept. 30, 1834. 
The war-god of the Mexicans (originally a conqueror), 
the most revered of all their gods, had his idol fed with 
human flesh. U. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 259. 
= 8yn. Worship, Reverence, etc. See adore'. 
revere 2 t, A Middle English form of river'''. 
reverence (rev'e-rens), n. [< ME. reverence, < 
OF. reverence, F" reverence = Pr. reverentia, reve- 
rensa = Sp. Pg. referenda = It. reverenza, rive- 
renza, < L. reverentia, reverence, < reveren(t-)s, 
reverent: see reverent."] 1. A feeling of min- 
gled awe, respect, and admiration ; veneration ; 
esteem heightened by awe, as of a superior; 
reverent regard; especially, such a feeling to- 
ward deity. 
They haue in more reverence the triumphes of Petrarche 
than the Genesis of Moses. 
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 82. 
With what authority did he [Jesus] both speak and live, 
such as commanded a reverence, where it did not beget a 
love ! Stillinajleet, Sermons, I. vi. 
With all reverence I would say, 
Let God do his work, we will see to ours. 
Whittier, Abraham Davenport. 
Reverence we may define as the feeling which accompa- 
nies the recognition of Superiority or Worth in others. 
H. Sidyivick, Methods of Ethics, p. 225. 
2. The outward manifestation of reverent feel- 
ing; respect, esteem, or honor, as shown by 
conduct. See to do reverence, below. 
They give him the reverence of a master. 
Sandys, Travailes, p. 52. 
Honour due and reverence none neglects. 
Milton, P. L., ill. 738. 
3. An act or token of reverence. Specifically (a) 
A bow ; a courtesy ; an obeisance. 
The lamentation was so great that was made through 
out Spaine for the death of this good King Alonso that 
from thence forwarde euery time that any named his name, 
if he were a man he put off his cap, and if a woman she 
made a reverence. 
Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 230. 
With a low submissive reverence 
Say, " What is it your honour will command ? " 
Shale., T. of the S., Ind., i. 53. 
(6) The use of a phrase indicating respect. See save your 
reverence, below. 
Not to be pronounced 
In any lady's presence without a reverence. 
B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, L 4. 
4. Reverend character; worthiness of respect 
and esteem. 
With him are the Lord Aumerle, Lord Salisbury, 
SJr Stephen Scroop, besides a clergyman 
Of holy reverence. Shak., Rich. II., iii. 3. 29. 
Hence 5. With a possessive personal pronoun, 
a title of respect, applied particularly to a cler- 
gyman. 
Will Av'rice and Concupiscence give place, 
Charm'd by the sounds Your Rev'rence, or Your Grace? 
Cowper, Progress of Error, 1. 105. 
Quoth I, " Your reverence, I believe you're safe." 
CroWw, Works, I. 134. 
reverend 
6f. Precedence; preeminence. 
And some knyght is wedded to a lady of royal blode ; 
she shal kepe the estate that she was before. And a lady 
of lower degree shal kepe the estate of her lordes blode, & 
therefore the royall blode shall haue the reuerence, as I 
haue shewed you here before. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 285. 
At the reverence oft, out of respect or regard for. 
But I praye yow at the reuerence of God that ye hem now 
departe. Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), iii. 482. 
And, my Lord, hyt were to grete a thyng, and hyte laye 
yn my power, but y wold do at the recerens o/your Lord- 
schyp, yn las than hyt schold hurt me to gretly, wyche y 
wote wel your Lordschyp wol nevyr desyr. 
Paiton Letters, I. 75. 
Save or saving your reverence, with all due respect to 
you : a phrase used to excuse an offensive expression or 
statement: sometimes contracted to sir-reverence. 
To run away from the Jew, I should be ruled by the 
fiend, who, saving your reverence, is the devil himself. 
Shak., M. of V., ii. 2. 27. 
This Natatlle Beet . . . grows in wet, stinking Places, 
and thrives no where so well as in Mud, or a Dunghill, 
saving your Reverence. 
N. Bailey, tr. of Colloquies of Erasmus, II. 148. 
To do reverence, to make reverence ; show respect ; 
do honor; specifically, to do homage; make a bow or 
obeisance. 
Ech of hem doth al his diligence 
To doon unto the feste reverence. 
Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 1. 140. 
"Apparaile the propirli," quod Pride, . . . 
" Do no reuerence to foole ne wise." 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. S.), p. 62. 
But yesterday the word of Ctesar might 
Have stood against the world ; now lies he there, 
And none so poor to do him reverence. 
Shak., J. C., iii. 2. 125. 
To make reverencet, to perform an act of worship; 
worship. 
Seynt John stered in his Modres Wombe, and made 
reverence to his Creatour, that he saughe not. 
MandeviUe, Travels, p. 94. 
= Syn. 1. Awe, Veneration, Reverence. Reverence is nearly 
equivalent to veneration, but expresses something less of 
the same emotion. It differs from awe in that it is not 
akin to the feeling of fear, dread, or terror, while also im- 
plying a certain amount of love or affection. We feel rev- 
erence for a parent and for an upright magistrate, but we 
stand in awe of a tyrant. 
reverence (rev'e-rens), v. t. ; pret. and pp. rev- 
erenced, ppr. reverencing. [< ME. reverencen, 
< OF. reverencer, reverencier = Sp. Pg. rece- 
renciar = It. rtverenziare, reverence, make a 
reverence: from the noun.] 1. To regard with 
reverence ; look upon with awe and esteem ; 
respect deeply ; venerate. 
Those that I reverence those I fear, the wise. 
Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 2. 95. 
They too late reverence their advisers, as deep, fore- 
seeing, and faithful prophets. 
Bacon, Moral Fables, v., Expl. 
The laws became ineffectual to restrain men who no 
longer reverenced justice. 
C. E. Norton, Church-building in Middle Ages, p. 164. 
2. To do reverence to ; treat with respect ; pay 
respect to ; specifically, to salute with a rev- 
erence, bow, or obeisance. 
Ich a-roos vp ryght with that and reuerencede hym fayre, 
And yf hus wil were he wolde bus name telle? 
Piers Plowman (C), xiv. 248. 
Reuerence thi f elawis ; bigynne with hem no strijf 
To thi power kepe pees al thi lijf. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 31. 
Nor wanted at his end 
The dark retinue reverencing death 
At golden thresholds. 
Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. 
= Syn. 1. Worship, Revere, etc. See adorel. 
reverencer (rev'e-ren-ser), n. [< reverence + 
-e/ 1 !.] One who Feels or displays reverence. 
The Athenians, . . . quite sunk in their affairs, . . . 
were becoming great reverencers of crowned heads. 
Swift, Nobles and Commons, ii. 
reverend (rev'e-rend), a. [= OF. reverent, F. 
reverend = Pr.'reverent = Sp. Pg. It. reverendo, 
< L. reverendus, gerundive of revereri, revere : 
see revere 1 .'} 1. Worthy to be revered; worthy 
of reverence ; entitled to veneration, esteem, or 
respect, by reason of one's character or sacred 
office, as a minister of religion ; especially, de- 
serving of respect or consideration on account 
of age ; venerable. 
If ancient sorrow be most reverend, 
Give mine the benefit of seniory. 
Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4. 35. 
He is within, with two right reverend fathers, 
Divinely bent to meditation. 
SAa*., Rich. III., iii. 7. 61. 
His [Prosdocimns's] statue is made in free stone, . . . 
having a long reverend beard. Coryat, Crudities, I. 185. 
At length a reverend sire among them came. 
Milton, P. L., xi. 719. 
The Duchess marked his weary pace, 
His timid mien, and reverend face. 
Scott, L. of L. M., Int. 
