rhetoric 
Every part of the Tragedy of his [the Son of God'eJ life, 
every wound at his death, every groan and sigh which he 
littered upon the Cross, were designed by him as the most 
prevailing Khetoriclt, to perswade men to forsake thetr 
sins, and be happy. StiUiivjjUet, Sermons, I. iii. 
she was long deaf to all the sufferings of her lovers, till 
. . . the rhetoric of John the hostler, with a new straw 
hat and a pint of wine, made a second conquest over her. 
Fielding, Joseph Andrews, i. 18. 
Chambers of rhetoric. See cAonifter. =Syn. Elocution, 
Eloquence, etc. See oratory. 
rhetorical (re-tor'i-kal), a. [Early mod. E. re- 
thoneall; < rhetoric 4- -a?.] Pertaining to, of 
the nature of, or containing rhetoric ; oratori- 
cal : as, the rhetorical art ; a rhetorical treatise ; 
a rhetorical flourish. 
A telling quotation, when the whole point lies perhaps 
in some accidental likeness of words and names, is perfectly 
fair as a rhetorical point, as long as it does not pretend to 
be an argument. E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 224. 
Rhetorical accent, in music. See accent, 8 (a). Rhe- 
torical algebra, algebra without a special notation ; an 
analysis of problems in the manner of algebra, but using 
only ordinary language. Rhetorical figure. See figure, 
ia Rhetorical question. See question Rhetorical 
syllogism, a probable argumentation: so called by Aris- 
totle, from the ancient notion that science should rest on 
demonstrative and not on probable reasoning an opinion 
which constituted the great fault of ancient science. 
rhetorically (re-tor'i-kal-i), adv. In a rhetori- 
cal manner ; according to the rules of rhetoric : 
as, to treat a subject rhetorically; a discourse 
rhetorically delivered. 
rhetoricatet (re-tor'i-kat), r. . [< LL. rltetori- 
catus, pp. of rhetoricari, speak rhetorically, < L. 
rhetorica, rhetoric: see rhetoric."} To play the 
orator. 
A person ready to sink under his wants has neither time 
nor heart to rhetoricate, or make flourishes. South. 
rhetoricationt (re-tor-i-ka'shpn), . [< rhetori- 
cate + -ion."] Rhetorical amplification. 
" When I consider your wealth I doe admire your wis- 
dome, and when I consider your wisdome I doe admire 
your wealth." It was a two-handed rhetorication, but the 
citizens [of London] tooke it in the best sense. 
Aubrey, Lives, Sir II. Fleetwood. 
Their rhetarieatimu and equivocal expressions. 
Waterland, Charge (1732), p. 8. 
rhetorician (ret-o-rish'an), 11. and a. [< OP. 
rlietoricicn, rethoricieu, F. rhetoricien ; as rhet- 
oric + -ian.] I. . 1. A teacher of rhetoric 
or oratory; one who teaches the art of correct 
and effective speech or composition. 
The ancient sophists and rhetoricians, who had young au- 
ditors, lived till they were a hundred years old. Baton. 
All a rhetorician's rules 
Teach nothing but to name his tools. 
S. Butler, Hudibras, I. L 89. 
2. One who is versed in the art and principles 
of rhetoric; especially, one who employs rhe- 
torical aid in speech or written composition; 
in general, a public speaker, especially one who 
speaks for show ; a declaimer. 
He speaks handsomely ; 
What a rare rhetorician his grief plays ! 
Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 4. 
Or played at Lyons a declaiming prize, 
For which the vanquished rhetorician dies. 
Drijden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, i. 66. 
A man is held to play the rhetorician when he treats a 
subject with more than usual gaiety of ornament ; and per- 
haps we may add, as an essential element in the idea, with 
conscious ornament. De Quincey, Rhetoric. 
The " understanding " is that by which a man becomes 
a mere logician, and a mere rhetorician. F. W. Robertson. 
II. a. Belonging to or befitting a master of 
rhetoric. 
Boldly presum'd, with rhetorician pride, 
To hold of any question either side. 
SirR. Blackmore, Creation, iii. 
rhetoriouslyt, <idi\ [ME. rethoriously ; < "rheto- 
rious (< rhetor + -ions) + -ly 2 ."] Rhetorically. 
Now ye all that shall thys behold or rede, 
Remembreth myn unconnyng simplesse ; 
Thought rethoriously peinted be not in-dede, 
As other han don by ther discretnesse. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.X 1. 6B11. 
rhetorizet (ret'or-iz), v. [< OF. rhetoriser, < 
LL. rlietorissare, < Gr. fnrrupiCetv, speak rhetori- 
cally, < pr/rup, an orator: see rhetor."] I. in- 
trans. To play the orator. Cotgrave. 
II. trans. To represent by a figure of oratory; 
introduce by a rhetorical device. 
No lesse was that before his book against the Brownists 
to write a Letter to a prosopopoea. a certain rhetoriz'd wo- 
man whom he calls mother. 
Milton, Apology for Smectytnnuus. 
Rheto-Romanic, a. and n. Same as Shseto- 
Komauic. 
rheum 1 (ro'm), n. [Early mod. E. also retime, 
retcme; < ME. reunite, reent, < OF. renme, rheiime. 
F. rhume = Pr. Sp. reitma = Pg. rheuma = It. 
reuma, rema, a cold, catarrh, rheum, < L. rheu- 
ma, < Gr. psl'fia, a flow, flood, flux, rheum, < faiv 
5150 
(y/ pn; orig. nptF), flow, = Skt. -\/ srtt, flow: see 
stream. Hence rheumatism, etc. : from the same 
Gr. verb are ult. E. catarrh, iliarrhea, rhythm, 
etc.] 1 . A mucous discharge, as from the nos- 
trils or lungs during a cold; hence, catarrhal 
discharge from the air-passages, nose, or eyes. 
Your Lordship doth write that by sleeping upon the 
ground you haue taken a pestilent Rheum. 
Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577X p. 134. 
I have a rheum in mine eyes too. 
Shalt., T. and C., v. 3. 105. 
A mist falling as I returned gave me such a rheume as 
kept me within doores neere a whole raoneth after. 
Evelyn, Diary, Jan. 18, 1656. 
2. A thin serous fluid, secreted by the mucous 
glands, etc., as in catarrh ; humid matter which 
collects in the eyes, nose, or mouth, as tears, 
saliva, and the like. 
Reuwne of the hed or of the breste. Prompt. Pare. , p. 432. 
You that did void your rheum upon my beard. 
Shalt., M. of V., i. 3. 118. 
Flows a cold sweat, with a continual rheum, 
Forth the resolved corners of his eyes. 
B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1. 
3t. Spleen ; choler. 
Nay, I have my rheum, and 1 can be angry as well as 
another, sir. B. Jmuon, Every Han in his Humour, iii. 2. 
Rheum 2 (re'um), . [NL. (Linnaeus, 1737), < 
ML. rheum, < Gr. pi/ov, the rhubarb; according 
to some, so named from its purgative proper- 
ties, < pflf, flow (see rheum 1 ), but prob. an accom. 
form of pa, rhubarb: see rha, rhubarb."] A ge- 
nus of apetalous plants of the order Polygona- 
ceee and tribe Rumicefe. It Is characterized by its 
(usually) nine stamens, and its six-parted perianth which 
remains unchanged in fruit, around the three- winged and 
exserted fruit. There are about 20 species, natives of Si- 
beria, the Himalayas, and western Asia. They are stout 
herbs from thick and somewhat woody rootstocks, with 
large toothed or lobed and wavy leaves, and loose dry 
stipular sheaths. The small white or greenish pedicelled 
bractless flowers are in racemed fascicles, the racemes 
panicled. The floral leaves are In some species small, in 
others large and colored, as in R. nobile, a remarkable 
species of the Sikhim Himalayas. For this and other spe- 
cies, see rhubarb, the common name of the genus. See 
also cute under plumule and rhubarb. 
rheuma (rS'mij), . [NL., < L. rheuma, < Gr. 
pei'fia, a flow, flood, flux : seerAewm 1 .] Same as 
rheum* Rheuma epidemicum. Same as influenza. 
rheumarthritis (ro-mar-thri'tis), . [NL.,<Gr. 
pevua, flux (see rheum 1 ), + apBpov, joint, + -itis. 
Of. arthritis."] Acute articular rheumatism (see 
rheumatism), and such chronic forms as have the 
same setiology. 
rheumarthrosis (ro-mar-thro'sis), n. [NL., < 
Gr. pti'ua, flux (see rheum 1 ), + aptipov, joint, + 
-i. Cf. arthrosis."] Same as rheumarthritis. 
rheumatalgia (ro-ma-tal'ji-a), . [NL., < Gr. 
pevua, flux (see rheum 1 ), + a/,; of, pain.] Rheu- 
matic pain. 
rheumatic (r$-mat'ik, formerly ro'ma-tik), a. 
and n. [Early mod. E. rheumatick, reumatick, 
retcmatick, rumatikc; < OF. rumatique, rhuma- 
tique, F. rliumatiqiie = Pr. reumatic = Sp. reu- 
nidtico = Pg. rheiunatico = It. reumatico, rema- 
tieo, < L. rheumaticus, < Gr. pevua.Tii<6r, of or per- 
taining to a flux or discharge, < pevua, a flux, 
rheum: see rheum 1 .'] I. a. If. Pertaining to 
a rheum or catarrhal affection ; of the nature 
of rheum. 
The moon, the governess of floods, 
Pale in her anger, washes all the air, 
That rheumatic diseases do abound. 
Shalt., SI. N. D., ii. 1. 105. 
2t. Having a rheum or cold; affected by rheum. 
By sleeping in an ayrie place you haue bene very ru- 
matilre, . . . |but] it is lesse euil in Summer to sweate 
then to cough. 
Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 122. 
3f. Causing rheum ; unhealthy; damp. 
The sun with his flame-coloured wings hath fanned away 
the misty smoke of the morning, and refined that thick 
tobacco-breath which the rheumatick night throws abroad. 
Dekker, Gull's Hornbook, p. 62. 
Now time is near to pen our sheep in fold, 
And evening air is rheumatick and cold. 
Peele, An Eclogue. 
4. Pertaining to or caused by rheumatism ; of 
the nature of rheumatism : as, rheumatic symp- 
toms. 
The patched figure of good Uncle Venner was now visi- 
ble, coming slowly from the head of the street downward, 
with a rheumatic limp, because the east wind had got into 
his joints. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, xvi. 
5. Affected by rheumatism; subject to rheu- 
matism: as, a rheumatic patient. 
O'erworn, despised, rheumatic, and cold. 
Shak. , Venus and Adonis, 1. 135. 
The electrical sensibility of the skin connected with an 
acutely rheumatic joint has been described by Drosdoff as 
being remarkably diminished. Quain, Med. Diet., p. 1357. 
6f. Splenetic ; choleric. 
rheumatoidal 
You two never meet but you fall to some discord ; you 
are both, i 1 good troth, as rheumatic as two dry toasts 
Shalt., 2 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 62. 
Acute rheumatic polyarthritis. Same as acute articu- 
lar rheumatism. See rheumatism. Chronic rheumatic 
arthritis. Same as rheumatoid arthritis (which see, under 
i-!i* '//natoid), or as chronic articular rheumatism (which 
see, under rheumatism). Eruptive rheumatic fever, 
dengue. Rheumatic amygdalitis, nmygdalitis of rheu- 
matic origin. Rheumatic anaesthesia, anaesthesia as 
sociated with rheumatism. Rheumatic apoplexy, thf 
stupor or coma sometimes developing in the course of 
acute rheumatism. Rheumatic atrophy, loss of size 
and strength of muscles after rheumatism. Rheumatic 
bronchitis, an attack of bronchitis which is supposed to 
depend on a rheumatic diathesis or an attack of acute 
rheumatism. Rheumatic contraction. Samcas((an;/. 
Rheumatic diathesis, the condition of body tending 
to the development of rheumatism. Rheumatic dysen- 
tery, dysentery accompanied by rheumatic inflammation 
of one or several joints, with synovial effusion, pleuro- 
dynia, and catarrh of the bronchial mucous membranes. 
Rheumatic fever. Same as acute articular rheuma- 
tism. See rheumatism. Rheumatic gout. Same as 
rheumatfrid arthritis (which see, under rheumatoid). 
Rheumatic inflammation, inflammation due to rheu- 
matism. Rheumatic iritis, inflammation of tile iris re- 
sulting from cold, especially in weak subjects. 
II. n. 1. One who suffers from or is liable to 
rheumatism: as, a confirmed rheumatic. 2. 
pi. Rheumatic pains; rheumatism. [Colloq.] 
When fevers burn, or ague freezes, 
Rheumatics gnaw, or cholic squeezes, 
Our neighbour's sympathy may ease us. 
Burns, To the Toothache. 
rheumatical (i-o-inat'i-kal), a. [< rheumatic + 
-/.] Same as rheumatic. 
rheumaticky (rij-mat'i-ki), . [< rheumatic + 
-.1/1.] Rheumatic. [Colloq.] 
rheumatism (ro'ma-tizm), n. [= F. rhuinatisme 
= Sp. It. reumatismo = Pg. rheumatismn, < L. 
rheumatismus, < Gr. pevua.nau6c, liability to 
rheum, a humor or flux, < pevfiari^eaSat, have a 
flux, < pe vua, a flux : see rheum*."] The disease 
specifically known as acute articular rheuma- 
tism (see below) the name including also sub- 
acute and chronic forms apparently of the same 
causation. The word is used with a certain and unfor 
tunate freedom in application to joint pains of various 
origins and anatomical forms. Acute articular rheu- 
matism, an acute febrile disease, with pain and inflamma 
tion of the joints as the prominent symptom. It is to be 
separated as of distinct, possibly bacterial, origin from 
joint affections caused by gout, plumbism, scarlatina, 
gonorrhea, septicemia, tuberculosis, or syphilis. It often 
begins suddenly ; a number of joints are usually attacked 
one after the other ; the fever is irregular ; there is apt to 
be profuse sweating ; endocarditis, pericarditis, pleuritis, 
sudamina, erythema nodosum, hypei-pyrexia, and delirium 
are more or less frequent features of the cases. Its dura- 
tion is from one to six weeks or more. It is most frequent 
between 15 and 35, but may occur in the flrst year of life 
or after 50. One attack does not protect, but, as in pneu- 
monia and erysipelas, is often succeeded by others. It 
almost always issues In recovery, but frequently leaves 
permanent cardiac lesions. Also called acute rheumatism, 
rheumarthritis, rheumatic fever, acute rheumatic polyar- 
thritis. Chronic articular rheumatism, the result, 
commonly, of one or more attacks of acute rheumatism, 
characterized by a chronic inflammation of one or more 
joints without profound structural alteration. OonOT- 
rheal rheumatism, an inflammation of the joints oc- 
curring in persons having gonorrhea. Muscular rheu- 
matism, a painful disorder of the muscles, characterized 
by local pain, especially on use of the muscles affected : 
same as myalgia. Progressive chronic articular 
rheumatism. Same as rheumatoid arthritis (which see, 
under rheumatoid). 
rheumatismal (ro-ma-tiz'mal), a. [< rheuma- 
tixm + -?.] Rheumatic. 
rheumatism-root (ro'ma-tizm-rot), n. 1. The 
twinleaf. See Jeffersonia. 2. The wild yam, 
Dioscorea villosa. See yam. 
rheumatiz, rheumatize (ro'ma-tiz), n. Rheu- 
matism. [Vulgar.] 
I did feel a rheumatize in my back-spauld yestreen. 
Scott, Pirate, vii. 
rheumatizy (ro'ma-tiz-i), . Same as rheuma- 
tic. [Vulgar.] 
Eh, my rheumc.tizy be that bad howiver be I to win to 
the burnin'. Tennyson, Queen Mary, iv. 3. 
rheumatoceles (ro-mat-6-se'lez), . [NL., < 
Gr. pev/ta, flux (see rheum*), + Kq'/.r/, tumor.] 
Same as purpura rheumatica (which see, under 
pvrpttra;. 
rheumatoid (vo'ma-toid), . [< Gr. pfty/araA/f, 
like a flux, < pevua, flux, + tMof, form.] Resem- 
bling rheumatism or some of its characters : as, 
rheumatoid pains Rheumatoid arthritis, a dis- 
ease of the joints characterized by chronic inflammatory 
and degenerative changes, which involve the structure of 
the various articulations, resulting in rigidity and deform- 
ity. Also called chronic rheumatic arthritis, rheumatic gout, 
jfrwiressire chronic articular rheumatism, chronic osteo-ar- 
tkrOit. 
Chronic rheumatism of the most severe degree thus 
merges into, if it be not actually identical with, the class 
of diseases known as rheumatoid or "rheumatic " arthritis. 
Quain, Med. Diet., p. 1367. 
rheumatoidal (ro-ma-toi'dal), a. Same as 
rheumatoid. 
