rich 
5. To dress. 
When ho watj gon, syr O. gerej hym sone, 
Rises, and riches hym in araye noble. 
Sir Gawayne and the Green Knir/ht (E. E. T. ft.), 1. 1878. 
6. To mend; improve. 
Then comford he caght In his cole hert, 
Thus hengit in hope, and his hele mendit ; 
More redy to rest, ricchit his chere. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 9257. 
7. To avenge. 
Than he purpost plainly with a proude ost 
Ffor to send of his sonnes and other sibbe fryndes, 
The Grekes for to greve, if horn grace felle ; 
To wreke hym of wrathe and his wrong riche. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2059. 
II. intrans. To take one's way. 
As he herd the howndes, that hasted hym swythe, 
Renaud com richchande thurg a rose greue, 
And alle the rebel in a res, ryjt at his helej. 
Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1898. 
Richardia (ri-char'di-a), n. [NL. (Kunth, 1815), 
named from the French botanists L. C. M. 
Richard (1754-1821) and his son Achille Rich- 
ard (1794-1859).] 1. A genus of monocotyle- 
donous plants of the order Aracese, suborder 
Philodendroideie, and tribe Richardiete (of the 
last the only genus). It comprises perennial stem- 
less herbs, with moncecious flowers without perianth, the 
two sexes borne close together on the same spadix. The 
male flowers bear two or three stamens, the female three 
staminodia. The ovoid ovary ripens into a berry of from 
two to five cells, each containing one or two anatropons 
albuminous seeds. The leaves are sagittate, and the spa- 
dix is surrounded with an open white or yellow spathe, 
the persistent base of which adheres to the fruit. R. 
Africana is the common calla (the Calla ^Sthiopica of 
Linnteus), often called calla-lily on account of Its pure- 
white spathe. Also called African or Ethiopian lily, and 
lily of the Nile, though it is native only in South Africa. 
R. albo-maculattt , having the leaves variegated with trans- 
lucent white spots, is also cultivated. There are in all 5 
species. 
2. In entom., a genus of dipterous insects. 
Descoidy, 1830. 
Richardieae(rich-ar-di'e-e), n.pl. [NL. (Schott, 
1856), < Richardia', q. v.,' + -.] A plant tribe 
of the order Araceee, and suborder Philoden- 
droidese, formed by the single genus Richardia, 
and marked by its leading characters. 
Richardsonia (rich-iird-so'ni-a), n. [NL. 
(Kunth, 1818), named from Richard Richardson, 
an English botanist, who wrote (1699) on horti- 
culture.] A genus of gamopetalous plants, be- 
longing to the order Rubiacex, the madder fam- 
ily, and to the tribe Spermucocese, character- 
ized by three to four ovary-cells, as many style- 
branches, and a two- to four-celled fruit crowned 
with from four to eight calyx-lobes, the summit 
finally falling away from the four lobes or nut- 
lets which constitute its base, and so discharg- 
ing the four oblong and furrowed seeds. There 
are 5 or 6 species, natives of warm parts of America. They 
are erect or prostrate hairy herbs, with a perennial root 
and round stems, bearing opposite nearly or quite sessile 
ovate leaves, stipules forming bristly sheaths, and small 
white or rose-colored flowers in dense heads or whorls. 
R. scabra, with succulent spreading stems and white flow- 
ers, has been extensively naturalized from regions further 
south in the southern United States, where it is known 
as Mexican clover, also as Spanish or Florida clover, water- 
parsley, etc. Though often a weed, it appears to be of 
some value as a forage-plant, and perhaps of more value 
as a green manure. The roots of this species, as also of 
several others, are supplied to the market from Brazil as 
a substitute for ipecacuanha. 
Richardson's bellows. An apparatus for in- 
jecting vapors into the middle ear. 
Richardson's grouse. See dusky grouse, under 
grouse. 
richdomt, n. [Early mod. E. rychedome; < ME. 
richedom, < AS. ricedom, power, rule, dominion 
(= OS. rikidom, ricditom, power, = OFries. rike- 
dom = D. rijkdom = MLG. rikedom = OHG. 
richiduam, rihtuom, power, riches, MHG. rich- 
tuom, G. reichthum = Icel. rikdomr, power, 
riches, = Sw. rikedom = Dan. rigdom, riches, 
wealth), < rice, rule (in later use taken as if rice, 
rich), + dom, jurisdiction : see rich 1 , a., riche 1 , 
., and -fZow.] Riches; wealth. 
They of Indyen hath one pryuce, and that is pope lohn, 
whose myghtynes and rychedome amounteth aboue all 
prynces of the world. 
fi. Eden, tr. of Amerigo Vespucci (First Books on America, 
[ed. Arber, p. xxx). 
richeH, a. and adr. See riV-A 1 . 
richeH, . [ME. ricAe, ryche, rike, < AS. rice, 
power, authority, dominion, empire, a king- 
dom, realm, diocese, district, nation, = OS. 
riki = OFries. rike, rik = D. rijk = MLG. rike 
= OHG. richi, rihhi, MHG. riche, G. reich = 
Icel. riki = Sw. rike = Dan. rige = Goth. r<-il:i, 
power, authority, rule, kingdom; with orig. 
formative -ja, from the noun represented only 
by Goth, reiks, ruler, king: see rich 1 . Cf. -ric.] 
A kingdom. 
5168 
Comforte thi careful, Oryst, in thi ryche, 
For how thow confortest all creatures clerkes bereth wit- 
nesse. Piers Plumnan (B), xiv. 179. 
Ibesu Crist con calle to hym hys mylde 
A: sayde hys ryche no wys myst wynne, 
Bot he com thyder rygt as a chylde. 
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), i. 721. 
riche 2 , '. See rii-ii-. 
richel-bird (rich'el-berd), it. The least tern, 
Xternii iiiiiiiitfi. [Prov. Eng.] 
richellest, a. A form of rckrt*. 
richellite (rl-shel'it), . [< Sickelle (see def.) 
+ -/te'A] A hydrated fluophosphate of iron 
and calcium, occurring in compact masses of 
a yellow color. It is found at Richelle, near 
Vis6, in Belgium. 
richen (rich'n), r. i. [< riV* 1 + -cl.] To be- 
come rich; become superior in quality, com- 
position, or effectiveness; specifically, to gain 
richness of color; become heightened or inten- 
sified in brilliancy. [Bare.] 
As the afternoon 'wanes, and the skies richen in Inten- 
sity, the wide calm stretch of sea becomes a lake of crim- 
son fire. W. Black, In Far Lochaber, xxiii. 
riches (rich'ez), n. sing, or pi. [Prop. riVAow 
(with term, as in largess), the form riches being 
erroneously used as a plural; early mod. E. 
rirliexse, < ME. richesse, ritchesse, richeise, riches, 
ri/t-hcn (pi. i-ii-hesses, ricchessis), < OF. richesse, 
also rielieixe, richoine, F. richesse (= Pr. riquesa 
= Sp. Pg. riquesa = It. rtcchezza), riches, 
wealth; with suffix -*e, < riche, rich: seericA 1 , 
n.} 1. The state of being rich, or of having 
large possessions in land, goods, money, or 
other valuable property; wealth; opulence; 
affluence : originally a singular noun, but from 
its form now regarded as plural. 
In one hour so great rifhes is come to nought. 
Eev. xviii. 17. 
Jtiches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but 
in having more in proportion than . . . our neighbours. 
Locke, Consequences of the Lowering of Interest 
2. That which makes wealthy ; any valuable 
article or property; hence, collectively, wealth; 
abundant possessions; material treasures. 
[Formerly with a plural richesxeg.] 
Coupes of clene gold and coppis of siluer, 
Rynges with rubies and ricchesses manye. 
J'iers Plowman (B), iii. 23. 
Alle the richesses in this world ben in aventure and passen 
as a shadowe on the wal. Chaucer, Parson's Tale. 
In living Princes court none ever knew 
Such endlesse richegse, and so sumpteous shew. 
Spenter, If. Q., L iv. 7. 
I bequeath . . . 
My riches to the earth from whence they came. 
Shak., Pericles, 1. 1. 52. 
Through the bounty of the soile he [Hacarius] acquired 
much riches. Sandys, Travailes, p. 13. 
The writings of the wise are the only riches our poster- 
ity cannot squander. 
Landor, Imag. Conv., Milton and Andrew Marvel. 
3. That which has a high moral value ; any ob- 
ject of high regard or esteem; an intellectual 
or spiritual treasure : as, the riches of knowledge. 
On her he spent the richet of his wit. 
Spenser, Astrophel, 1. 62. 
If therefore ye have not been faithful In the unrighteous 
mammon, who will commit to your trust the true riches' 
Luke xvi. 11. 
It is not your riches of this world, but your riches of 
grace, that shall do your souls good. 
Ren. T. Adams, Works, I. 141. 
His best companions innocence and health, 
And his best riches ignorance of wealth. 
Goldsmith, Des. ViL, 1. 62. 
4t. The choicest product or representative of 
anything; the pearl; the flower; the cream. 
For grace hath wold so ferforth him avaunce 
That of knighthode he is parflt richegse. 
Chaucer, Complaint of Venus, L 12. 
5f. An abundance; a wealth: used as a hunting 
term, in the form richess or richesse. Strutt. 
The foresters . . . talk of ... a richesse of martens to 
be chased. The Academy, Feb. 4, 1888, p. 71. 
= Syn. 1. Wealth, Affluence, etc. (see opulence), weal thiness, 
plenty, abundance. 
richesst, richesset, >< Obsolete forms of riches. 
rich-left (rich'left), n. Inheriting great wealth. 
[Rare.] 
O bill, sore-shaming 
Those rich-left heirs that let their fathers lie 
Without a monument ! 
Shale., Cymbeline, iv. 2. 226. 
richly (rich'li), adr. [< ME. riclitlicln-. rit-lu- 
likc, < AS. riclice (= D. rijkelijk = MLG. rikelik 
= OHG. richlifho, rihlichn, MHG. rirhlirhi; ri- 
lirlir, G. reiclilich = Icel. rikiili;/ti = Sw. riklig = 
Dan. riiji-liii), richly, < rice, rich: see rich 1 and 
-fy 2 .] With riches; with wealth or affluence: 
Ricinus 
sumptuously; amply or abundantly: with un- 
usual excellence of qu.-ility: linrly. 
She was faire and noble, . . . and richly married tu si- 
natus the Tetrarch. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. :;-?!. 
Oh thou, my Muse! guid uuld Si-nU-h drink : 
Whether thro' wimplin' worms Hum jink, 
Or, richly brown, ream o'er the lirink 
In glorious facm. 
Burns, Scotch Drink. 
Richmond herald. < >n<- of the six heralds of 
the English heralds' college : an office created 
by Henry VII., in memory of his previous title 
of Earl of Richmond. 
richness (rich'nes), n. [< ME. ricliuevFc; < rich 1 
+ -ewt.] The state or quality of being rich. 
The country-girl, willing to give her utmost assistance. 
proposed to make an Indian cake, . . . which she could 
vouch for as possessing a richness, and, if rightly pre- 
pared, u delicacy, unequalled by any other mode of break- 
fast-cake. Hawthorne, Seven Qables, vii. 
richterite (rich'tcr-It), . [Named after Dr. R. 
Hit-liter, of Saxony.] In mineral., a variety of 
amphibole or hornblende, containing a small 
percentage of manganese, found in Sweden. 
Richter's collyrium. A mixture of rose-water 
and white of egg beaten to a froth. 
richweed (rich'wed), . 1. See lione-balm. 
2. Same as clearweed. 
ricinelaidic (ris-i-nel-a-id'ik), a. [< ricine- 
lnul(iii) + -ic.] Related to elaiidin; derived 
from castor-oil Ricinelaidic acid, an acid derived 
from and isomeric with ricinolic acid. 
ricinelaidin (ris"in-e-la'i-din), n. [< NL. Bi- 
cimis (see Ricinus 1 ) + Gr. e'/aiov, oil. + -if? 1 + 
-i)( z . ] A fatty substance obtained from castor- 
oil by acting on it with nitric acid. 
ricinia, . Plural of riciiiiuni. 
Riciniaet (ri-sin'i-e), n. pi. [NL., < L. ridim*. 
a tick : see Ricinus 1 .'] In Latreille's classifica- 
tion, a division of mites or acarines, including 
such genera of ticks as Ixodes, Argus, etc. The 
name indicates the common tick of the dog, 
Ixodes rid n w.s-. 
ricinium (ri-sin'i-um), n. ; pi. rifiuia (-a). [L., 
cf. ricinus, veiled, < riea, a veil to be thrown over 
the head.] A piece of dress among the ancient 
Romans, consisting of a mantle, smaller and 
shorter than the pallium, and having a cowl or 
hood for the head attached to it. It was worn 
especially by women, particularly as a morning 
garment, and by mimes on the stage. 
The ricinium in the form of a veil, as worn by the Ar- 
val Brothers. Encyc. Brit., VI. 457. 
ricinoleic (ris-i-no'le-ik), a. [< NL. Ridmm 
(see Ridntis 1 ) + L. oleum, oil, + -ic.] Same 
as ricinolic. 
It [porging-nut oil] is a violent purgative, and contains, 
like castor oil, ricinoleic acid. Encyc. Brit.. XVII. 746. 
ricinolein (ris-i-no'le-in), w. [< NL. Ricinus . 
(see Ricinus 1 ) + li.'ole(tim), oil, + -i'2.] In 
chem., a fatty substance obtained from castor- 
oil, of which it is the chief constituent. It is 
a glyceride of ricinolic acid. 
ricinolic (ris-i-nol'ik), a. [< NL. Ricinus (see 
Ricinus 1 ) + L. o?(eMi), oil, + -ic.] In chem., 
pertaining to or obtained from castor-oil. Also 
ricinoleic. Ricinolic acid. C 1 8H a4 O g , an acid obtained 
from castor-oil, in which it exists in combination with gly- 
cerin. It is an oily, colorless liquid. 
Ricinula (ri-sin'u-la), n. [NL. (Lamarck, 1812), 
so called from a supposed 
resemblance to the cas- 
tor-oil bean; dim. of L. 
riciw us, the castor-oil 
plant: see Ricinus 1 .'] In 
conch., a genus of gastro- 
pods of the family Muri- 
cidee, inhabiting the In- 
dian and Pacific oceans. 
Also called Pentadactylits 
and Sixtrum. 
Ricinus 1 (ris'i-nus), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 1700), 
< L. ricinus, a plant, also called cid and crotmi ; 
perhaps orig. an error for "eicimis, < Gr. Kimvof, 
of the castor-oil plant (K'IKIVOV i/aiov, castor-oil), 
< aim (">lj. cid), the castor-oil plant.] A genns 
of apetalous plants of the order Eitjiliin-binccir. 
tribe Crtitonese, and subtribe Acali/jihcir. it is 
characterized by monoecious flowers, the calyx in the stami- 
nate floweis closed in the bud, in the pistillate sheath-like 
and cleft and very caducous ; by verynumerons(sometimes 
1,000) stamens, with their crowded filaments repeatedly 
branched, each branch bearing two separate and roundish 
anther-cells ; and by a three-celled ovary with two-cleft 
plumose styles, ripening into a capsule with three twn- 
valved cells, each containing one smooth ovoid hard-cru&t- 
ed seed with fleshy albumen and two broad and flat cotyle- 
dons. The only species, /i 1 . cfiminuuix, the well-known cas- 
tor-oil plant, is a native probably of Africa, often natural- 
ized In warm climates, and possibly indigenous In America 
and Asia. It is a tall annual herb, smooth and often glau- 
RuiHltlti arathnoirtts. 
