rin 
the Chinese cash, and equal in value to the 
thousandth part of a yen. See Ki and yen. 
rinabout (rin'a-bout), H. [So. form of run- 
about, < run 1 4- about.'} One who runs about 
through the country; a vagabond. [Scotch.] 
rind 1 (rind), . [< ME. rind, rinde, < AS. rind, 
rinde, bark of a tree, crust, = MD. rinde, the 
bark of a tree, D. rinde, oak-bark, tan, = MLG. 
rinde = OHG. rinta, rinda, MHG. rinte, rinde, G. 
rinde, rind, crust, crust of bread ; prob. akin to 
AS. rand, E. rand, edge, border, and to AS. 
n'roa.E. rim, border: see rnnrfi and rim*.] 1. A 
thick and firm outer coat or covering, as of ani- 
mals, plants, fruits, cheeses, etc.; a thick skin 
orintegument; specifically, inbot., same as cor- 
tex: applied to the outer layer or layers of a fun- 
gus-body, to the cortical layer (see cortical) of 
a lichen, as well as to the bark of trees. 
His shelde todasshed was with swerds and maces. 
In which men myghte many an arwe fynde, 
That thyrled hadde horn and nerf and rynde. 
Chaucer, Troilus, II. 642. 
Whoso takithe from the tre the rinde and the levis, 
It wer better that he in his bed lay long. 
Song of Roland, 152 (quoted in Cath. Ang., p. 808). 
Sweetest nut hath sourest rind. 
Shale., As you Like it, ill. _' 115. 
Leviathan . . . 
The pilot of some small night-founder'd skiff 
Deeming some island, oft, as seamen tell, 
With fixed anchor in his scaly rind 
Moors by his side under the lee. Milton, P. I,., i. 206. 
Hard wood I am, and wrinkled rind, 
Bat yet my sap was stirr'd. 
Tennyson, Talking Oak. 
2. The skin of a whale ; whale-rind: a whalers' 
term. 3f. Edge; border. 
Thane they roodc by that ryver, that rynnyd so swythe, 
Thare the ryndei overrechez with realle bowghez. 
Morte Artfatrr (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 921. 
= Byn. 1. Peel, etc. See skin. 
rind 1 (rind), v. t. [< ri/irfi, . ; cf. AS. be-rin- 
dan, strip the rind off.] To take the rind from ; 
bark; decorticate. 
All persons were forbidden . . . to set flre to the woods 
of the country, or work detriment to them by "rinding of 
the trees." W. F. Roe, Newfoundland to Manitoba, I. 
rind 2 , n. See rynd. 
rinded (rin'ded), a. (X rind* + -erf2.] "Having a 
rind or outer coat: occurring chiefly in compo- 
sition with a descriptive adjective : as, smooth- 
rinded trees. 
Summer herself should minister 
To thee, with fruitage golden-rinded 
On golden salvers. Tennyson, Eleanore. 
The soft-rinded smoothening facile chalk, 
That yields your outline to the air's embrace, 
Half-softened by a halo's pearly gloom. 
Browning, Pippa Passes. 
rinderpest (rin'der-pest), w. [< G. rinderpest 
(= D. rindcr-pest), cattle-plague, < rinder, pi. of 
rind, horned cattle (= E. dial, rotlier, a horned 
beast: see rather*), + pest, plague (= E. pest): 
see pest.'] An acute infectious disease of cat- 
tle, appearing occasionally among sheep, and 
communicable to other ruminants, in western 
Europe the disease has prevailed from time to time since 
the fourth century in extensive epizootics. From its home 
on the steppes of eastern Russia and central Asia it has 
been carried westward by the great migrations and later 
by the transportation of cattle. The losses in Europe have 
been enormous. Thus, in 1711-14 1,500,000 beeves are said 
to have perished, and in 1870-1 30,000 beeves In France 
alone. The infection (the precise nature of which has not 
yet been definitely determined) may be transmitted direct- 
ly by sick animals or indirectly by manure, or by persons 
and animals going from the sick to the well. It may be 
carried a short distance in the air. Its vitality is retained 
longest in the moist condition. The disease, after a pe- 
riod of incubation of from three to six days, begins with 
high temperature, rapid pulse, and cessation of milk-secre- 
tion. This latent period is followed by a congestion of all 
the visible mucous membranes, on which small erosions or 
ulcers subsequently develop. About 90 per cent, of all 
attacked die in from four to seven days after the appear- 
ance of the disease. If the animal survives, one attack 
confers a lasting immunity. 
rind-gall (riud'gal), n. A defect in timber 
caused by a bruise in the bark which produces 
a callus upon the wood over which the later 
layers grow without consolidating. Laslett, 
Timber and Timber Trees. 
rind-grafting (rind'grafting), n. See graft- 
ing, 1. 
rind-layer (rind'la"er), n. Same as cortical 
layer (which see, under cortical). 
rindle (rin'dl), n. A dialectal form of runnel 
rindmart (rind'mart), . [Erroneously rhind- 
mart, rynmart; < "rind, prob. < G. rind, horned 
cattle (see rinderpest), + mart, said to be short- 
ened < Martinmas, because such carcasses were 
deliverable then for rent or feu-duty : see Mar- 
tinmas, mart 3 ."] In Scots law, a word of occa- 
sional occurrence in the reddendo of charters 
5184 
in the north of Scotland, signifying any species 
of horned cattle given at Martinmas as part of 
the rent or feu-duty. Hell. 
rine 1 (rin), . [Also erroneously rhiiie, and in 
var. form rone, rune; < ME. rune, < AS. ryne, a 
run, course, flow, watercourse, orbit, course 
of time (= OFries. rene, a flow (in comp. blod- 
rene), = G. ronne, a channel, = Icel. ryne (in 
comp.), a flow, stream. = Goth, runs, a flow, 
flux), < rinnan, run: see r*i, v., and cf. run 1 , 
w.,in part identical with rine; cf. also runnel.'] 
A watercourse or ditch. [Prov. Eug.] 
This plain [Sedgemoor], intersected by ditches known 
as rhinet, and in some parts rich in peat, is broken by iso- 
lated hills and lower ridges. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 267. 
rine 2 , r. t. [< ME. rinen (pret. ran), also rynde, 
< AS. hrinan = OS. lirinan = OHG. hrinan, touch, 
etc., = Icel. hrina, cleave, hurt.] 1. To touch. 
[Prov. Eng.] 2f. To concern. Jamieson. 
rine 2 (rin), . A dialectal form of rinrfi. 
rine 3 t, ". Same as rim 2 . 
rinforzando (rin-f6r-tsan'do), a. [< It. rinfor- 
zando, ppr. of rinforzare, strengthen, reinforce: 
see reinforce.'] In music, with special or in- 
creased emphasis : usually applied to a single 
phrase or voice-part which is to be made spe- 
cially prominent. Abbreviated rinf., rf., and 
rfz. 
rinforzato (rin-fdr-tsii'to), a. [It., pp. of rin- 
forzare, strengthen : see rinforzando.] Same 
as rinforzando. 
ring 1 (ring), . [< ME. ring, ryng, also rink, 
rynk, < AS. hring = OS. hring = OPries. bring, 
ring = D. ring = MLG. rink, LG. ring, rink = 
OHG. hring, ring, MHG. rine (ring-), G. ring = 
Icel. hringr = 8w. Dan. ring (= Goth, "hriggg, 
not recorded), a ring, circle; cf. F. rang, a row, 
rank (see rank'*), F. harangue = Sp. Pg. arenga 
= It. aringa, harangue, etc. (see harangue), < 
OHG.; = OSlav. krangu, circle, kranglti, round, 
= Russ. krugu, a circle, round ; supposed to be 
akin also to L. circus = Gr. np'tnac,, Kipnof (see cir- 
cus), Skt. chakra (for "kakra), a wheel, circle. 
Hence ult. rink 2 , rant 2 , range, arrange, de- 
range, harangue.'] 1. A circular body with a 
comparatively large central circular opening. 
Specifically (o) A circular band of any material or size, 
or designed for any purpose ; a circlet ; a hoop : as, a key- 
ring; a napkiu-rin^; an umbrella-rim/; arin^-bolt; ari/i</- 
dial ; especially, a circlet of gold or other material worn 
as an ornament upon the finger, in the ear, or upon some 
other part of the body. 
Ho rajt hyni a riche rynk of red golde werkez, 
Wyth a staraude ston, stondande alofte, 
That here hlusschande bemez as the bryjt snnne. 
Sir Gaicayne and the Qrten Knight (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 1817. 
With this Ring I thee wed. 
Boot of Common Prayer, Solemnization of Matrimony. 
Hangings fastened with cords of fine linen and purple 
to silver rings and pillars of marble. Esther i. 6. 
There 's a French lord coming o'er the sea 
To wed me wi' a ring. 
Fair Janet (Child's Ballads, II. 87). 
Hence (6) A circular group; a circular disposition of 
persons or things. 
Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar, 
And let me show you him that made the will. 
Skat., J. C.,iii. 2. 162. 
Banks wedg'd in ranks ; of arms a steely ring 
Still grows, and spreads, and thickens round the king. 
Pope, Iliad, xvi. 264. 
A cottage . . . perch'd upon the green hill top, but close 
Environ'd with a ring of branching elms. 
Cowper, Task, i. 223. 
(c) One of the circular layers of wood acquired periodically 
by many growing trees. See annual ring, below. 
Huge trees, a thousand rings of Spring 
In every bole. Tennyson, Princess, v. 
2. In geom.: (a) The area or space between two 
concentric circles. (6) An anallagmatic sur- 
face; an anchor-ring. 3. A circle or circular 
line. Hence (a) A circular course ; a revolution ; a cir- 
cuit. 
Ere twice the horses of the sun shall bring 
Then- flery torcher his diurnal ring. 
Sha*., All's Well, ii. 1. 165. 
(6) A limiting boundary ; compass. 
But life, within a narrow ring 
Of giddy joys comprised. 
Cowper, On the Bill of Mortality for 1793. 
4. A constantly curving line ; a helix. 
Oft, as in airy rings they skim the heath, 
The clamorous lapwings feel the leaden death. 
Pope, Windsor Forest, 1. 131. 
Woodbine . . . 
In spiral fin ; / ascends the trunk, and lays 
Her golden tassels on the leafy sprays. 
Cowper, Retirement, 1. 231. 
5. A circular or oval or even square area ; an 
arena, (a) An area in which games or sports are per- 
formed. (?i) The arena of a hippodrome or circus. 
ring 
"Your father breaks horses, don't he?" ' If you please, 
sir, when they can get any to break, they do break horses 
In the ring, sir. " Dickent, Hard Times, ii. 
(c) The inclosure in which pugilists fight, usually a square 
area marked off by a rope and stakes. 
And being powerfully aided by Jcnkln Vincent . 
with plenty of cold water, and a little vinegar applied ac- 
cording to the scientific method practised by the bottle- 
holders in a modern ring, the man began to raise himself. 
Scott, fortunes of Nigel, ii. 
(d) The betting-arena on a race-course, (e) The space In 
which horses are exhibited or exercised at a cattle-show 
or market, or on a public promenade. 
One day, in the ring, Rawdon's^tanhope came in sight. 
Thackeray, Vanity Fair, xix. 
6. A combination of persons for attaining 
such objects as the controlling of the market 
in stocks, or the price of a commodity, or the 
effecting of personal and selfish (especially 
corrupt) ends, as by the control of political or 
legislative agencies. 
A [political] Ring Is, in its common form, a small num- 
ber of persons who get possession of an administrative ma- 
chine, and distribute the offices or other good things con- 
nected with it among a band of fellows, of greater or less 
dimensions, who agree to divide with them whatever they 
make. The Nation, XIII. 833. 
Those who in great cities form the committees and work 
the machine are persons whose chief aim in life Is to make 
their living by office. . . . They cement their dominion by 
combination, each placing his influence at the disposal of 
the others, and settle all important measures in secret 
conclave. Such a combination is called a Ring. 
Bryce, Amer. Commonwealth, II. 75. 
7. In the language of produce-exchanges, a de- 
vice to simplify the settlement of contracts for 
delivery, where the same quantity of a com- 
modity is called for by several contracts, the 
buyer in one being the seller in another, the ob- 
ject of the ring being to fill all contracts by de- 
livery made by the first seller to the last buyer. 
T. S. Dewey, Contracts, etc., p. 66. 8. In arch.: 
(a) A list, cincture, or annulet round a column. 
(6) An archivolt.in its specific sense of the arch 
proper. 
They [old arches of stone or brick] differ from metal or 
wooden arches, inasmuch as the compressed arc of mate- 
rials called the ring is built of a number of separate pieces 
having little or no cohesion. Encyc. Brit., IV. 306. 
9. An instrument formerly used for taking the 
sun's altitude, etc., consisting of a ring, usually 
of brass, suspended by a swivel, with a hole in 
one side, through which a solar ray entering in- 
dicated the altitude upon the inner graduated 
concave surface. Compare ring-dial. 10. In 
angling, a guide. 11. In anat. and rod/., an 
annulus ; any circular part or structure like a 
ring or hoop: as, a tracheal ring (one of the 
circular hoop-like cartilages of the windpipe) ; 
a somitic ring (an annular somite, as one of the 
segments of a worm); a ring of color. 12. 
In bot., same as annulus. 13. A commercial 
measure of staves, or wood prepared for casks, 
containing four shocks, or 240 pieces Abdom- 
inal ring. See abdominal. Annual ring, in hot., one of 
the concentric layers of wood produced yearly in exoge 
nous trunks. Such rings result from the more porous 
structure of the wood formed in spring as compared with 
the autumn growth, a difference attributed to less and 
greater tension of the bark at the two seasons. In the 
exogens of temperate regions, on account of the winter 
rest, these zones are strongly marked ; in those of the 
tropics they are less obvious, but the same difference of 
structure exists in them with few if any exceptions, save 
In cases of individual peculiarity. In temperate climates 
a double ring is exceptionally produced in one season, 
owing to a cessation and resumption of growth, ca used, for 
example, by the stripping of the leaves. It is a question 
whether some, especially tropical, trees do not normally 
form semiannual rings corresponding to two growing sea- 
sons. Somewhat similar rings are formed, several in a sea- 
son, in such roots as the beet. These have no reference 
to seasons, but result, according to De Bary, from the suc- 
cessive formation of cambium-zones in the peripheral layer 
of parenchyma. Also annual layer or zone. A ring ! 
a ring! See a hall! a hall! under hall. Arthritic ring, 
the zone of injected blood-vessels surrounding the cor- 
neal margin, seen In iritis. Auriculoventricular ring, 
the margin of the auriculoventricular opening. Ben- 
zene ring, a circular group of six carbon and six hydro- 
gen atoms which is regarded as representing the consti- 
tution of benzene, and by which its relations to its deriv- 
atives may be most conveniently expressed. Bishop's 
ring. See bishop. Broadwell ring, a gas-check for 
use in heavy breech-loading guns, invented by L. W. 
Broadwell. See gas-check and fennelure. Bronchial 
rings, cartilaginous hoops in the walls of the bronchi, 
serving to distend those air-passages. Theyaie often in- 
complete in a part (about half) of their circumference, 
in which case they are more precisely called bronchial 
half rings. Such is the rule in birds. Chinese rings, 
a set of seven rings used by prestii:itors. Ciliary 
ring, the inner circular part of the ciliary muscle. 
Circumesophageal ring. See circumesophaneal. 
Clearing ring, in angling, a ring or ring-shaped sinker 
used for clearing a foul hook. Such rings are of brass 
or iron, comparatively heavy, opening with a hinge to 
be put on the line, and having a cord attached to re- 
cover them. In case the hook gets fast, the ring is rnn 
down tn dislodge it ; or if a salmon or striped-bass sulks, 
