rising-lark 
rising-lark (ri' zing- lark), . The skylark, 
Alauda 'arrennis. [Prov. Eng.] 
rising-line (ri'zing-lin), n. An elliptical line 
drawn upon the sheer-plan to determine the 
sweep of the floor-heads throughout the ship's 
length. Haniersty, Naval Eneyc. 
rising-main (ri'zing-man), ?(. In a mine, the 
column of pumps through which water is lifted 
or forced to the surface or adit: usually made 
of cast-iron pipes joined together. 
rising-rod (ri'zing-rod), n. A rod operating the 
valves in a Cornish pumping-engine. 
rising-seat (ri'zing-set), n. In a Friends' meet- 
ing-house, one of a series of three or four seats, 
each raised a little above the one before it, and 
all facing the body of the congregation. These 
seats are usually occupied by ministers and elders. They 
are often collectively called " the gallery." Also/oin<7- 
scat, hiyh seat. 
In the sing-song drawl once peculiar to the tuneful ex- 
hortations of the rising seat he thus held forth. 
M. C. IM, A Quaker Girl of Nantucket, p. 28. 
rising-square (ri'zing-skwar), . In ship-build- 
intj. a square upon which is marked the height 
of the rising-line above the keel. [Eng.] 
rising-wood (ri'zing-wiid), . In ship-building, 
timber placed under the flooring when the ex- 
tremities of a vessel are very fine and extend 
beyond the cant-body. 
risk 1 (risk), . [Formerly also risque; < OF. 
risque, F. risque = Pr. re, segue = Sp. riesgo = Pg. 
risco = It. risico (> D. G. Sw. Dan. risiko), for- 
merly also risigo, dial, resega (ML. risigus, ris- 
cus), risk, hazard, peril, danger; perhaps orig. 
Sp., < Sp. risco, a steep, abrupt rock, = Pg. risco, 
a rock,crag(cf. It. risega,f., ajuttingout)(hence 
the verb, Sp. urricsgar, formerly arriscar, ven- 
ture into danger (pp. arriscado, bold, forward), 
= It. arrischiarsi, risk (pp. arrischiato, hazard- 
ous)); from the verb represented by It. reset/are, 
risecare, cut off, = Pr. rezega, cut off, = Pg. n's- 
car, erase, < L. resecare, cut off, < re-, back, + 
secare, cut: see meant.] 1. Hazard; danger; 
peril ; exposure to mischance or harm ; ven- 
ture : as, at the risk of one's life ; at the risk of 
contagion. Common in the phrase to run a (the) 
risk, to incur hazard ; take the chance of failure 
or disaster. 
If you had not performed the Vow, what Risque had you 
run? N. Bailey, tr. of Colloquies of Erasmus, II. 3. 
If he [the Arab] had left me, I should have run a great 
risque of being stript, for people came to the gate before 
it was open. Pococke, Description of the East, II. i. 7. 
Where there Is risk, there may be loss. 
Sterne, Sentimental Journey, p. 44. 
Indulging their passions in defiance of divine laws, and 
at the risk of awful penalties. Mctcaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
2. In com.: (a) The hazard of loss of ship, 
goods, or other property. (6) The degree of 
hazard or danger upon which the premiums of 
insurance are calculated. 
It would take a great many years to determine tornado 
risks with sufficient accuracy to estimate the amount of 
premium needed ; but we can make a comparison with the 
risks and losses by fire, and thus arrive at an approximate 
solution of the question. Science, XVI. 19. 
(c) Hence, by extension, insurance obligation : 
as, our company has no risks in that city.=Syn. 
1. Exposure, Venture, Risk, Hazard, jeopardy, peril. The 
first four words are in the order of strength. They imply 
voluntary action more often than danger, etc. (see danger): 
as, he ran a great risk; it was a bold venture, involving 
the exposure of his health and the hazard of his fortunes. 
They generally imply also that the chances are unfavor- 
able rather than favorable. Exposure is, literally, a put- 
ting out, as into a dangerous place ; the word is generally 
followed by that to which one is exposed : as, exposure to 
attack. 
risk 1 (risk), v. t. [Formerly risque; < OF. (and 
F.) risquer, risk; cf. Sp. arriesgar, formerly ar- 
riscar, venture into danger, = Pg. arriscar = It. 
arrischiare, run a risk ; from the noun : see rait 1 , 
.] 1. To hazard; expose to the chance of in- 
jury or loss. 
There is little credit among the Turks, and it is very rare 
they trust one another to negotiate any business by bills, 
or risque their money in the hands of any one. 
Pococke, Description of the East, I. 39. 
This one fallen amongst them, who could make 
The rich man risk his life for honour's sake. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, III. 236. 
2. To venture upon; take the chances of: as, 
to risk a surgical operation. 
The other [party] must then risque an amercement. 
Sir W. Jones, Dissertations and Jliscell. Pieces, p. 388. 
Nor had Emana Christos forces enough to risk a battle 
with an officer of the known experience of Af Christos. 
Bruce, Source of the Nile, II. 335. 
= Syn. 1. To peril, jeopard, stake. See rail, n. 
risk'-' (risk), n. SameasreesfcandnsjA [Scotch.] 
risker (ris'ker), n. One who risks, ventures, or 
hazards. 
5194 
Hither came t' observe and smoke 
What courses other Tinkers took ; 
And to the utmost do his best 
To save himself, and hang the rest. 
S. Sutler, Hudibras, III. ii. 418. 
riskful (risk'ful), a. [< rofcl + -ful.] Full of 
risk or danger; hazardous; risky. [Bare.] 
At the first glance such an attempt to reverse the rela- 
tionship between population and railways appears a risk- 
ful undertaking. Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XXXIX. 55. 
risky (ris'ki), a. [< risk* + -yi.] 1. Attended 
with risk; hazardous; dangerous: as, a very 
risky business. 
No young lady in Miss Verinder's position could manage 
such a risky matter as that by herself. 
W. Collins, Moonstone, I. 20. 
2. Running a risk ; venturesome; bold; auda- 
cious. 
I am no mortal, if the risky devils haven't swam down 
upon the very pitch, and, as bad luck would have it, they 
have hit the head of the island. 
Cooper, Last of the Mohicans, vii. 
In spite of all his rixky passages and all his tender ex- 
pressions, Galiani wrote for posthumous publication, to 
the terror of Madame d'Epinay. who had made him her 
confidant. Fortnightly Rev., N. 8., XLIII. 350. 
risoluto (re-zo-lo'to), a. [It., = E. resolute.'] 
In music, with resolution or firmness. 
risorial (ri-so'ri-al), . [< NL. risorius, laugh- 
ing (< L. risor, laugher, mocker, < ridere, laugh: 
see rident), + -aJ.] Of or pertaining to laugh- 
ter; causing laughter, or effecting the act of 
laughing; exciting risibility; risible: as, the 
risorial muscle. 
risorius (ri-so'ri-us), . ; pi. merit (-i). [NL. 
(sc. museulus) risorial.'] The laughing-muscle, 
some transverse fibers of the platysma that are 
inserted into the angle of the mouth : more fully 
called risorius Santorini. Also risilabialis. 
risp 1 (risp), v. t. [Also reap; < Icel. rispa, scratch. 
Cf. rasjii, .] 1. To rasp; file. 2. To rub or 
grate (hard bodies, as the teeth) together. 
[Scotch in both uses.] 
risp 1 (risp), n. [<rtopl,. Cf.fWp 1 ,*.] Arasp. 
[Scotch.] 
risp 2 (risp), . [Appar. a var. of rise 2 ; cf . risp 3 .'] 
1 . A bush or branch ; a twig. Halliwell. [Prov. 
Eng.] 2. The green stalks collectively of grow- 
ing peas or potatoes. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
risp 3 (risp), . [Var. of risfc 2 , reesk.] Coarse 
grass that grows on marshy ground. 
Thehay-rope . . . was made of risp, a sort of long sword 
grass that grows about marshes and the sides of lakes. 
Blackwood's Mag., XIV. 190. 
risposta (ris-pos'ta), . [It., < rispondere, re- 
spond: see respond, response."] In contrapuntal 
music, same as answer. 
risquet, n. and v. An obsolete spelling of risk 1 . 
Rissa (ris'a), n. [NL. (Leach's MSS., Stephens, 
in Shaw's " General Zoology," 1825).] A genus 
of Laridse, having the hind toe rudimentary or 
very small ; the kittiwakes. There are at least two 
species, R. tridactyla, the common kittiwake of the arctic 
and North Atlantic oceans, and the very different red- 
legged kittiwake, R. brevirostris, of the North Pacific. See 
cut under kittiwake. Also called Gavia. 
risset. Ail obsolete past participle of rise 1 . 
Rissoa (ris'o-a), . [NL., after Risso, a natu- 
ralist of Nice.] A genus of small shells, typical 
of the family Rissoidee. Also Eissoia. 
Rissoella (ris-o-el'a), n. [NL., < Risso + dim. 
-ella.~] A genus of gastropods. Also called 
Jeffreysia. 
Rissoellida (ris-o-el'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Risso- 
ella + -idee.] A family of ttenioglossate gastro- 
pods, typified by the genus Rissoella. Also 
called Jeffreysiidse. 
rissoid (ris'oid), a. and n. I. a. Of or related 
to the Rissoidae. 
II. w. A gastropod of the family Rissoidx. 
Rissoidae (ri-so'i-de), n. pi. [NL.,< Rissoa + 
-idse.] A family of tsenioglossate gastropods, 
typified by the genus Rissoa. The animal has long 
tentacles with the eyes external at their base, and the cen- 
tral tooth multicuspidate and with basal denticles; the 
shell is turbinate or turreted, with an oval or semilunate 
aperture, and the operculum is corneous and paucispiral. 
The species are phytophagous and abound in seaweed. 
rissole (ris'ol), n. [< F. rissole, F. dial, mote, 
rezole, a rissole, formerly rissolle, "a Jews ear, 
or mushrom that's fashioned like a demi-circle, 
and grows cleaving to trees; also a small and 
delicate minced pie, made of that fashion" 
(Cotgrave); cf. rissote, brownness from frying; 
< rissoler, fry brown, F. dial, roussoler = It. ro- 
solare, fry, roast; origin uncertain.] In cook- 
ery, an entr6e consisting of meat or fish com- 
pounded with bread-crumbs and yolk of eggs, 
all wrapped in a fine puff-paste, so as to resem- 
ble a sausage, and fried. 
rithe 
list (rist), r. 1. An obsolete or dialectal pret- 
erit of me 1 . 2f. Third person singular pres- 
ent indicative of rise 1 (contracted from riseth). 
' 
ristet, n . and r. A Middle English form of res* 1 . 
ristori (ris-to'ri), n. [So named from Madame 
Kixtori, an Italian tragic actress.] A loose open 
jacket for women, usually of silk or some rather 
thick material. 
risus (ri'sus), n. [NL., < L. risus, laughter, < 
ridere, pp. risus, laugh: see rident.] A laugh, 
or the act of laughing; a grin Kisus sardoni- 
CUS or caninus, a spasmodic grin seen in tetanus. 
rit 1 (rit), v. t. or i. [< ME. ritte, ritten (pret. 
ritte), tear, break, split (to-ritten, tear apart), < 
D. ritten, tear, = OHG. rizzan, rizzon, MHG. G. 
ritzen, tear, wound, lacerate ; a secondary verb, 
akin to AS. writan, E. write : see write.] If. To 
tear; break; rend; strike. 
Young Johnstone had a nut-brown sword, . . . 
And he fitted it through the young Col'nel, 
That word he ne'er apake mair. 
Young Johnstone (Child's Ballads, II. 292). 
2. To make an incision in the ground, with a 
spade or other instrument, as a line of direction 
for future delving or digging; rip; scratch; cut. 
[Scotch.] 
rit 1 (rit), n. [< ri* 1 , v.] A slight incision made 
in the ground, as with a spade ; a scratch made 
on a board, etc. [Scotch.] 
Ye scart the land with a bit thing ye ca' a pleugh ye 
might as weel give it a nit with the teeth of a redding- 
kame. Scott, Pirate, xv. 
rit 2 (rit), v. t. [Prob. a var. of re* 1 .] To dry 
(hemp or flax). Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
rit 3 t, e. A Middle English form of the third 
person singular present indicative of ride (con- 
tracted from rideth). Chaucer. 
ritardando (re-tar-dan'do), a. [< It. ritardan- 
do, ppr. of ritardare, retard: see retard.] In 
music, becoming gradually slower; diminishing 
in speed: same as rallentando and (usually) 
ritenuto (but see the latter). Abbreviated rit. 
and ritard. 
ritardo (ri-tar'do), a. [It., < ritardare, retard: 
see retard.] Same as ritardando. 
ritch (rich), n. The Syrian bear, Ursus syria- 
cus. 
rite (rit), n. [= F. rit, rite = Sp. Pg. It. rito, < L. 
ritun, a custom, esp. religious custom; cf. Skt. 
riti, a going, way, usage, < / ri, flow, let flow.] 
1. A formal act or series of acts of religious or 
other solemn service, performed according to a 
manner regularly established by law, precept, 
or custom. 
Every Church hath Authority to appoint and change 
Ceremonies and Ecclesiastical Rites, so they be to Edi- 
fication. Baker, Chronicles, p. 328. 
When the prince her funeral rites had paid, 
He ploughed the Tyrrhene seas. 
Dryden, JEneld, vil. 7. 
2. The manner or form prescribed for such an 
act ; a ceremonial. Hence 3. Any ceremony 
or due observance. 
Time goes on crutches till love have all his rites. 
Shak., Much Ado, ii. 1. 873. 
How shall I 
Pass, where in piles Carnavian cheeses lie; 
Cheese, that the table's closing rites denies, 
And bids me with t tr unwilling chaplain rise? 
Gay, Trivia, ii. 255. 
Ambrosian rite, the Ambrosian office and liturgy. 
Congregation of Rites. See congregation, 6 (a). Mo- 
zarabic rite. See Mozarabic. = Syn. Form, Observance, 
etc. See ceremony. 
ritelyt (rit'li), adv. [< rite + -fy 2 .] With all 
due rites; in accordance with the ritual; indue 
form. 
After the minister of the holy mysteries hath ritely 
prayed. Jer. Taylor, Real Presence. (Latham.) 
ritenuto (re-te-no'to), a. [< It. ritenuto, pp. of 
ritetiere, retain: see retain, re-, tenable.] In 
music, at a slower tempo or pace. Ritenuto some- 
times has the same sense as rallentando and ritardando, 
but is used more exactly to mark an abrupt instead of a 
gradual change of speed. Also ritenendo, ritenente. Ab- 
breviated riten. 
, n. A Middle English form of rithe*. 
, a. An awkward Middle English spelling 
of right. Chaucer. 
rithe 1 (riTH), n. [Formerly also rytJi ; < ME. 
ritlie, < AS. rith, rithe, a stream (ed-rith, a stream 
of water; wseter-ritlic, water-stream), also 
rithig, a stream, = North Fries, ride, rie, the 
bed of a stream, = OLG. rith, a stream (used 
in proper names).] A stream; a small stream, 
usually one occasioned by heavy rain. Halli- 
well. [Prov. Eng.] 
rithe 2 (riTH), n. [Perhaps a corruption of me 2 .] 
A stalk of the potato. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
