rither 
rither 1 (riTH'er), . A dialectal form of rudder 1 . 
He jumpeth and courseth this way and that way, as a 
man roving without a mark, or a ship fleeting without a 
rither. Up. Jewell, Works (1'arker Soc.), III. 1B6. 
rither 2 (riTH'er), 11. A dialectal form of rotlicr 2 . 
Titling (rifling), . Same as reckling. 
ritornelle,ritornello(re-t6r-ner,re-t6r-nerio), 
n. [= F. ritournelle, < It. ritornetlo, dim. 'of 
ritorno, a return, a refrain: see return 1 .] In 
music, an instrumental prelude, interlude, or 
refrain belonging to a vocal work, like a song, 
aria, or chorus ; also, one of the tutti passages 
in an instrumental concerto. Also formerly 
called a symphony. 
ritrattot (ri-trat'to), n. [It. : see retrait.~\ A 
picture. 
Let not this rUratto of a large landscape be thought 
trilling. Roger North, Examen, p. 251. (Davies.) 
fitter (rit'er), n. [< G. ritter, a rider, knight: 
see rider.'] A knight. 
Your Duke's old father 
Met with th' assailants, and their grove of ritters 
Repulsed so fiercely. 
Chapman, Byron's Conspiracy, li. 1. 
The Ritter's colour went and came. 
Campbell, The Ritter Bann. 
Ritteric (rit'er-ik), a. [< Hitter (see def.) + 
-ic.] Pertaining to or named after Dr. J. W. 
Ritter (1776-1810)._Ritteric rays, the invisible 
ultra-violet rays of the spectrum. See spectrum. 
Ritter -Valli law. The statement of the cen- 
trifugal progress of an initial increase followed 
by loss of irritability in the distal part of a 
divided nerve. 
rittingerite (rit'ing-er-it), n. [< Rittinger, the 
name of an Austrian mining official, + -ite%.] 
A rare mineral occurring in small tabular mono- 
clinic crystals of a nearly black color. It con- 
tains arsenic, sulphur, selenium, and silver, but 
its exact composition is not known. 
Rittinger's side-blow percussion-table. See 
joggling- table. 
ritt-master (rit'mas"ter), n. [< G. rittmeister, a 
captain of cavalry, < ritt, a riding, + meister, 
master : see master 1 .'] A captain of cavalry. 
Duke Hamilton was only Kit-master Hamilton, as the 
General used to call him ; ._._ . Linlithgow was Colonel 
5195 
The typical illustration of ritualism, and that to which 
it naturally reverts for its model, was the medieeval 
cathedral, with its supposed reenactment of the great 
tragedy of the Cross, amid all theasthetical influences of 
architecture, sculpture, painting, music, and eloquence. 
The Century, XXXI. 80. 
2. Observance of prescribed forms in religious 
worship or in reverence of anything. 
The Troubadour hailed the return of spring ; but with 
him it was a piece of empty ritualism. 
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 280. 
3. Specifically (a) The science of ritual ; the 
systematic study of liturgical rites. (6) An 
observance of ritual in public worship founded 
upon a high estimate of the value of symbolism 
and a belief in the practical importance of 
established rites, and particularly in the effi- 
rivalsMp 
with another; an associate; an alternating 
partner or companion in duty. 
Well, good night; 
If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, 
The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste. 
Shak., Hamlet, i. 1. 12. 
2. One who is in pursuit of the same object as 
another; one who strives to reach or obtain 
something which another is attempting to ob- 
tain, and which only one can possess ; a com- 
petitor: as, rivals in love; rivals for a crown. 
Oh, love ! thou sternly dost thy pow'r maintain, 
And wilt not bear a rival in thy reign. Dryden. 
My lovers are at the feet of my rivals. 
Steele, Spectator, Mo. 306. 
3. One who emulates or strives to equal or ex- 
WDWHM44M4W i i I/ V O HjllVt IJtlL U1V, lildJ-1 T -1-11. I 1 1 <_ CUJ.~ J J.1- 11 j-i 
cacy of sacraments, as having been divinely ceed another m excellence; a competitor; an 
_:_4.~j i_ T-_ _i- ' i_ ..* Z5i_n__i ___ _ i antagonist: as. two rivfiLt 111 plnmipnAA. 
appointed to be channels of spiritual grace to 
those who use them ; more especially, the prin- 
ciples and practices of those Anglicans who 
are called Ritualists. 
ritualist (rit'u-al-ist), n. and a. [= F. ritua- 
Uste = Sp. Pg. It. ritualista; as ritual + -ist.J 
I. w. 1. One versed in or devoted to ritual; 
a specialist in the systematic study of liturgi- 
cal rites and ceremonies; especially, a writer 
upon this subject. 2. One who advocates or 
practises distinctive sacramental and 
antagonist : as, two rivals in eloquence. 
You both are rivals, and love Hermia ; 
And now both rivals to mock Helena. 
Shalt., M. N. D., Hi. 2. 1E6. 
= Syn. 2 and 3. See emulation. 
H. a. Having the same pretensions or claims; 
standing in competition for superiority: as, ri- 
val lovers ; rival claims or pretensions. 
Even rival wits did Voiture's death deplore. 
Pope, To Miss Blount 
I do not recommend German reviews as models for Eng- 
lish ones ; too often they seem to me to be written by ri- 
val competitors in the same field with the author. 
Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 53. 
sym- 
bolic ritual, especially that inherited or revived 
from ancient usage; specifically [cap.], one of 
that branch of the High-church party in the rival (ri'val), v. ; pret. and pp. rivaled or ri- 
Anglicau Church which has revived the ritual vailed, ppr" rivaling or rivalling. [< rival, n.] 
authoritatively in use in the second year of I. trans. 1. To stand in competition with; 
King Edward VI. (see ornaments rubric, under 
ornament). The ritualistic movement is an extension 
of the Anglo-Catholic revival. (See revival.) The points 
especially insisted on by the Ritualists are the eastward 
position (declared legal in England), and the use of vest- 
ments, lights, wafer-bread, and the mixed chalice, to which 
some add that of incense. 
II. a. Ritualistic. 
ritualistic(rit"u-a-lis'tik), a. [(ritualist + -ic.] 
1. Pertaining or according to ritual. 2. Ad- 
hering to rituals: often used to designate a 
devotion to external forms and symbols as of 
great importance in religious worship. Hence 
3. Pertaining to or characteristic of the 
Livingstone. Wodrow, I. 271. (Jamieson.) party called Ritualists in the Anglican Church. 
"If I understand you, Captain Dalgetty I think that See ritualist, 2. 
rittock (rit'ok), w. The common tern or sea- 
swallow. Also rippock. [Orkney.] 
ritual (rit'u-al), a. and n. [< OF. ritual, F. ri- 
tuel = Sp. Pg. ritual = It. rituale = D. rituaal 
= G. Sw. Dan. ritual, < L. ritualis, relating to 
rites (LL. neut. pi. ritualia, rites),< ritus, a rite : 
see rite.] I. a. Pertaining to, consisting of, or 
prescribing a rite or rites. 
The first Religion that ever was reduced to exact Rules "ft or cleft, 
and ritual Observances was that of the Hebrews. 
Howell, Letters, ii. 8. 
The ritual year 
Of England's Church. 
Wordsworth, Eccles. Sonnets, iii. 19. 
II. . 1. A book containing the rites or ordi- 
nances of a church or of any special service. 
Specifically, in the Roman Catholic Church, the ritual is 
an office-book containing the offices to be used by a priest 
in administering the sacraments (baptism, marriage, pen- 
ance, extreme unction, communion out of mass), together 
with the offices for the visitation of the sick, burial of the 
dead, benedictions, etc. The corresponding book in the 
medieval church in England was called the manual. 
2. (a) A prescribed manner of performing re- 
ligious worship or other devotional service in 
any given ecclesiastical or other organization. 
Bishop Hugh de Nonant . . . enlarged the body of stat- 
utes which he found in his church for the government of 
its chapter and the regulation of its services and ritual. 
Rock, Church of our Fathers, i. 7. 
Whereto in some parts of this kingdom is joined also 
the solemnity of drinking out of a cup, ritually composed, 
decked, and filled with country liquor. 
Selden, Illnst. of Drayton's Polyolbion, ix. 417. 
We can no ways better, or more solemnly and ritually, 
give glory to the holy Trinity than by being baptized. 
Jar. Taylor, Works (ed. 1885), II. 25fl. 
riva (ri'va), n. (X Icel. rifa, a rift, cleft, fissure 
/!_ _* ,". '.'., .*__ 
seek to gain something in opposition to : as, to 
rival one in love. 2. To strive to equal or ex- 
cel; emulate. 
To rival thunder in its rapid course. 
Dryden, Mneld, ri. 798. 
But would you sing, and rival Orpheus' strain. 
The wondering forests soon should dance again. 
Pope, Summer, 1. 81. 
II. intrans. To be a competitor; act as a ri- 
val. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
My lord of Burgundy, 
We first address towards you, who with this king 
Hath rivall'd for our daughter. Shak., Lear, i. 1. 194. 
There was one giant on the staff (a man with some tal- 
ent, when he chose to use it) with whom I very early per- 
ceived it was in vain to rival. 
R. L. Stevenson, Scribner's Mag., IV. 124. 
rivaless (ri'val-es), . [< rival + -ess.] A fe- 
male rival. [Rare.] 
Oh, my happy rivaless ! if you tear from me my husband, 
he is in his own disposal, and I cannot help it. 
Richardson, Pamela, IV. 153. (Dames.) 
rival-hating (ri'val-ha"ting), a. Hating any 
competitor; jealous. 
Rival-hating envy. Shak., Rich. II., i. 3. 131. 
(bjarg-rifa, cleftm a mountain) : see rivel.] A rivality (ri-val'i-ti), n. [< F. rivaliU = Sp. ri- 
[Orkney and Shetland.] 
He proceeded towards a riva, or cleft in a rock, contain- 
ing a path, called Brick's steps. Scott, Pirate, vii. 
rivage 1 (riv'aj), n. [< F. rivage, OF. rivaige, 
rivage = Pr.'Cat. ribatge = It. rivaggio, < ML. 
ripaticum (also, after 3am.,rlvatic*g, ribaticus), 
shore, < L. ripa, shore, bank : see rive%, river 2 .] 
1. A bank, shore, or coast. 
And sir Gawein made serche all the ryaages, and take 
shippes and assembled a grete navie. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), Ii. 378. 
Do but think 
You stand upon the rivage, and behold 
A city on the inconstant billows dancing. 
Shak,, Hen. V., iii. (cho.). 
From the green rivage many a fall 
Of diamond rillets musical. 
Tennyson, Arabian Nights. 
2. A toll formerly paid to the crown on some 
rivers for the passage of boats or vessels. 
Same as 
And come, whatever loves to weep, 
And hear the ritual of the dead. 
Tennyson, In Hemoriam, xviii. 
or an 
arrivage. 
He ... prively toke a ryvage [var. arryvage] 
In the centre of Cartage. 
Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 223. 
S^Any ceremonial form or custom of proce- rivail e t , . fME,<OF. V W 7te,<L,n>,,bank: 
see rivage 1 .'] A harbor. 
And they in sothe comen to the ryvaiUe 
At Suncourt, an havene of gretrenoun. 
MS. Digby <ZSO. (Halliwell.) 
rival (ri'val), it. and n. [< OF. (and F.) rival, 
a rival, competitor, = Sp. Pg. rival = It. rivale 
dure. 
False are our Words, and fickle is our Mind ; 
Nor in Love's Ritual can we ever find 
Vows made to last, or Promises to bind. 
Prior, Henry and Emma. 
Ambrosian ritual. See AmbrosianX. 
ritualism (rit/u-al-izm), H. [= F. ritualisme; 
as ritual + -fern.] 1. A system of public wor- 
ship which consists in forms regularly estab- 
lished by law, precept, or custom, as distin- .... , ., , ,. ,. 
guished from that which is largely extempora- other, prop. adi. rinilix, belonging to a brook, 
M . -i . i i c 'Hi/1 fVini.i-i-Prtrt ...,.;. 1 I . . ... J 1 i i. j.1 S --. _ _ i. 
= SP- n- 
validaa = Pg. rivalidade = It. rinalitA = G. ri- 
valitat, < L. rivalita(t-)s, rivalship, < rivalis, ri- 
val: see rival.] If. Association; equality; co- 
partnership. 
Ctesar, having made use of him in the wars 'gainst Pom- 
pey, presently denied him rivality, would not let him 
partake in the glory of the action. 
Shak., A. and C., iii. 5. 8. 
2. Rivalry. [Rare.] 
I need fear 
No check in his rivality, since her virtues 
Are so renown'd, and he of all dames hated. 
Chapman, Bussy d'Ambois, ii. 1. 
Some, though a comparatively small, space must still 
be made for the fact of commercial rivality. J. S. Mill. 
rivalize (ri'val-Iz), v. i. ; pret. and pp. rivalized, 
ppr. rivalling. [= F. rivaliser = Sp. Pg. rival- 
izar; as rival + -ise.] To enter into rivalry ; 
contend; compete. [Rare.] 
Declaring himself a partisan of General Jackson, to ri- 
valize with Mr. Calhoun for the Vice-Presidency. 
John Quincy Adams, Diary, 1828. 
rivalry (ri'val-ri), .; pi. rivalries (-riz). [<n- 
val + -n/.] The act of rivaling; competition; 
a strife or effort to obtain an object which an- 
other is pursuing: as, rivalry in love; an en- 
deavor to equal or surpass another in some ex- 
cellence; emulation: as, rivalry for superiority 
at the bar or in the senate. 
And now commenced a tremendous rivalry between 
these two doughty commanders striving to outstrut and 
outswell each other, like a couple of belligerent turkey- 
cocks. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 322. 
= Syn. Competition, etc. See emulation. 
neous and therefore variable and left to the 
judgment of the conductor of the worship. 
< rirus, a brook, stream : see rivulet.] I. . 
If. One having a common right or privilege 
for superiority ; emulation; rivalry. 
Rivalships have grown languid, animosities tame, inert, 
and inexcitable. 
Landor, Imaginary Conversations, Southey and Porson, iL 
