rody 
rodyt, fl. A Middle English form of ruddy. 
roe' (ro), n. [< ME. ro, roo, ra, < AS. ra, rah, 
rilha, raa, m. (also, in comp., rah-de6r), a roe, 
rage, rstge, f., a wild she-goat, a roe, = D. ree, 
roe, roebuck, = OLG. relio, MLG. re = OHG. 
reh (reh-), n., relio, m., reia, f., MHG. rech 
(reh-), G. reli, n., OHG. reia, f., also *rieeha, 
MHG. "ricfce, G. ricke, f., = Icel. ra, f., = Sw. nJ 
= Dan. raa, roe, roebuck.] 1. The roe-deer. 
I is ful wight [swift], God waat. as is a raa. 
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, 1. 166. 
Now than am I light as a roo. York Plays, p. 281. 
Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. -2 Sam. ii. 18. 
2. Improperly, the adult female of the hart; 
the doe of the stag or red deer. 
roe 2 (ro), . [Oftener in pi. roes; early mod. E. 
also rmighes, pi.; prop, roan or rone, as still in 
E. dial, use (the terminal -n being mistaken for 
the pi. suffix -n, -en*, as in eyne, kine 1 , slioori) ; E. 
dial, roan, rone, roun, rown, rawn, and with ex- 
crescent -d, round, early mod. E. also roughne; 
< ME. rowne, rawite, < AS. *hrogn (not recorded) 
= MLG. rogen, rogel, LG. rogen OHG. *hro- 
f/an, rogan, rogo, MHG. rogen, roge, G. rogen = 
Icel. hrogn = Sw. rom = Dan. rogn and ravn, 
roe. Boot unknown ; some compare Gr. np6ia/, 
uponahi, a rounded pebble, L. calx, lime, a stone, 
dim. calculus, a pebble, Skt. carkara, gravel, W. 
careg, a stone, etc. : see calx 1 .] 1. The spawn 
of a fish. That of the male is sperm, called milt or soft 
roe ; that of the female is the mass of eggs, distinguished 
as hard roe. Roe is much eaten, either in its natural state 
or variously prepared. See botargo, caviar. 
From fountains small Nilus flude doith flow, 
Even so ol rawnis do michty flsches breid. 
K. James VI. Chron. S. P., lit. 489. (Jamieson.) 
The hie flsche [he-flshj spawnis his meltis. And the 
scho nsche [she-fish] hir rounis. 
Bellenden, Descr. Alb., xi. (Jamieson.) 
2. The spawn of various crustaceans, used for 
food, as the berry, coral, or mass of eggs of the 
female lobster. 3. A mottled appearance in 
wood, especially in mahogany, being the alter- 
nate streak of light and shade running with the 
grain, or from end to end of the log. 
roebuck (ro'buk), n. [< ME. roobukke, raa- 
ouke, rabuke = D. reebok = G. rehbock = Icel. 
rdoukkr = Sw. r&bock = Dan. raabuk ; as roe 1 
Roebuck (Cafreolits capreea). 
+ buck*. Cf. roe-deer.] The male of the roe- 
deer; less properly, the roe-deer. 
roebuck-berry (ro'buk-ber'i), . A low her- 
baceous bramble, Buous saxatilis, of the north- 
ern Old World; the stone-bramble; also, its 
fruit, which consists of a few rather large red 
grains. 
roed (rod), a. [< roe 2 + -ed 2 .] Having roe, 
as a fish; containing spawn developed to the 
stage in which it is known as roe. 
The female or roed fish. 
Pennant, Brit. Zool. (ed. 1776), III. 197. 
roe-deer (ro'der), . [< ME. roodeor, < AS. rah- 
deor = Icel. ravdhdyri = Sw. r&dj-ur = Dan. 
raadyr; as roe* + deer.'} A species of the 
genus Capreolus, C. caprsea or caprea, formerly 
Genus capreohis, of small size, elegant form, 
and very agile, inhabiting most parts of Europe, 
including Great Britain, and parts of Asia: a 
roebuck or roe. The animal is only about 2 feet 3 
inches high at the shoulder, and weighs 50 or 60 pounds ; 
it is of a reddish-brown or grayish-brown color, with a 
large white disk on the rump, and very short tail. The 
antlers of the male are about a foot long, erect, cylin- 
dric, and branching toward the tip. See cut under roe- 
buck. 
5211 
roe-fish (ro'fish), n. A fish heavy with roe; a 
ripe fish, or spawner. 
Eoemeria (rf-me'ri-ii), >i. [NL. (A. P. de Can- 
dolle, 1821^ named' after J. J. Roemer, 1763- 
1819, a Swiss naturalist.] A genus of polypet- 
alous plants of the order Papaveraceie, the 
poppy family, and of the tribe Eupapaverese. 
It is characterized by a linear, usually three-valved cap- 
sule opening down nearly to the base, by pitted seeds 
destitute of a crest, and by flowers with two sepals, four 
petals, many stamens, and a sessile stigma with deflexed 
lobes. The 3 species are natives of the Mediterranean 
region, naturalized in tields in temperate parts of Europe 
and Asia. They are annuals resembling poppies, but 
readily distinguished by their long and valvular fruit, and 
by their less dilated stigmas. They bear dissected leaves 
and long-stalked violet flowers. R. hybrida has a pretty 
flower, and is sometimes planted, but the petals fall very 
quickly. It receives the names purple horned poppy and 
wind-rose. 
roemerite (rem'er-it), . [Named after F. A. 
Roemer, a German geologist.] A basic sul- 
phate of iron, occurring in tabular triclinic 
crystals of a brownish-yellow color. Also writ- 
ten rtimeritc. 
roenoke, . See roanoke. 
roepperite (rep'er-It), n. [Named after W. T. 
Roepper of Bethlehem in Pennsylvania.] A va- 
riety of chrysolite from the zinc-mines in Sus- 
sex county, New Jersey. It is peculiar in contain- 
ing, besides iron and magnesium, considerable amounts 
of zinc and manganese. Also spelled riipperite. 
roesslerite (res'ler-it), n. [Named after Dr.C. 
Roessler of Hanau in Prussia.] A rare mineral 
consisting of hydrous arseniate of magnesium, 
and occurring in white crystalline plates. Also 
spelled rosslerite. 
roe-stone (vo'ston), n. A rock having the ap- 
pearance of the roe of a fish; oolite. 
roft. An obsolete preterit of rive 1 . 
rofft, n. A Middle English form of roof 1 . 
roffia, rofia, . See raffia. 
rogt, v. t. [ME. roggen, ruggen; a var. of rock 2 , 
q. v.] To shake. 
Hym she roggeth and awaketh softe. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 2708. 
He romede, he rarede, that roggede alle the erthe, 
So ruydly he rappyd at to ryot hymselvene. 
Morte Arthurs (E. E. T. S.), 1. 784. 
rogamentt, n. [< LL. rogamentum, something 
asked, a question, < L. rogare, ask: see roga- 
tion.] A postulate or axiom. 
Rogate Sunday. Same as Rogation Sunday. 
rogation (ro-ga'shon), n. [< OF. rogation, ro- 
gasion (pi. rogations, Rogation days), F. roga- 
tion = Pr. rogazo, roazo = Sp. rogation = Pg. 
rogacdes, pi., prayers in Rogation week, = It. 
roqaoione, < L. rogatio(n-), a supplication, an 
asking, < rogare, pp. rogatus, ask. Cf. abrogate, 
interrogate, supererogation, prerogative, pro- 
rogue, etc.] 1. In Rom. jurisprudence, the de- 
mand by the consuls or tribunes of a law to 
be passed by the people. 2. Litany; suppli- 
cation: especially as said in procession. 
He [Bishop Mamercus] perfecteth the Rogations or Lita- 
nies before in use. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 41. 
Rogation days, the Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday 
before Ascension day. The special observance of these 
days with fasting and rogations (litanies and public pro- 
cessions) was first introduced by Mamertus or Mamercus, 
bishop of Vienne in southern France, about A. p. 470, at a 
time of general distress arising from earthquakes, volcanic 
eruptions, floods, and other troubles. It soon became gen- 
eral in Gaul, and spread to England. In the Roman Cath- 
olic Church (which adopted the observance about 800) the 
Litany of the Saints is said in procession on these days. 
In the Anglican Church the Rogation days are appointed 
days of fasting or abstinence, and it was formerly the cus- 
tom to say the Litany, to read the homily and exhortation 
given in the Book of Homilies, and to perambulate the 
parish. The custom of perambulation (which see) is still 
observed in some places in England. Also called gang- 
days. Rogation Sunday, the Sunday preceding Ascen- 
sion day. Rogation- tide, the time of Rogation days. 
Rogation week, the week in which the Rogation days 
occur. Also called procession week, cross-week, gang^week. 
rogation-flower (ro-ga'shon-flou // er), w. An 
Old World milkwort. Polygala vulgaris, which 
blooms during Rogation week and was carried 
in processions. See milkwort. 
rogatory (rog'a-to-ri), .. [= F. rogatoire = It. 
rogatorio, < L>. rogator, an asker, solicitor: see 
rogation.] Seeking information ; authorized to 
collect or engaged in collecting information. 
Many countries aid one another's judicial proceedings 
by consenting that their judges may accept rogatory com- 
missions, or act as agents of foreign courts for the pur- 
Eose of examining witnesses or otherwise ascertaining 
lets. Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, 76. 
Letters rogatory. See letter*. 
roger (roj'er), n. [A familiar use of the per- 
sonal name Roger, < OF. Roger, < OHG. Ili/ixli- 
tjer, G. Rudii/er. Ct. robin 1 .] 1. Aram. See 
Miscellanies (1742), p. 116. (Halliwell.) 
rogue 
[Prov. Eng.] 2t. A rogue. [Old cant.] 
Roger of the buttery, a goose. Halliwell. 
Roger de Coverley (roj'er de kuv'er-li). 
[Named after Sir Roger de Coverley, one of the 
members of the club under whose direction the 
" Spectator" professed to be edited.] An Eng- 
lish country-dance, corresponding to the Vir- 
ginia reel. Also called Sir Roger de Coverley. 
After . . . dinner . . . comes dancing, . . . reels and 
flings, and strathspeys and Roger de Coixrleys. 
Mouey, Correspondence, I. 353. 
rogeriant (ro-je'ri-an), . [Appar. < Roger, a 
person's name, + -iim.~\ A wig. [Rare.] 
The unruly wind blows off his periwink. . . . 
The sportful wind, to mock the headless man, 
Tosses apace his pitch'd Rogerian. 
Bp. Hall, Satires, III. v. 16. 
rogersite (roj'erz-It), n. [Named after Prof. 
W. B. Kogers.] An imperfectly known miner- 
al occurring in the form of a thin white crust 
upon the samarskite of North Carolina : it is 
essentially a hydrated niobate of the yttrium 
metals. 
roggan (rog'an), . [Ci.rog.] A rocking stone. 
See rocking." Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
roggenstein (rog'en-stln), n. [Gr., lit. ' rye- 
stone,' < roggen, = E. rye, + stein = E. stone.] 
A kind of oolite in which the grains are ce- 
mented by argillaceous matter. The roggenstein 
anticlinal is the uplift in which are the important mines 
of Stassfurt in Prussia, and its vicinity. 
Toggle (rog'l), v. t. and i. [Freq. of rog.] To 
shake; jumble. Brockett. [Prov. Eng.] 
roghtlesset, [ME., appar. an erroneously 
formed word, equiv. to reckless (after roghte, 
pret. of reck): see reck, reckless.'] Reckless; 
careless. 
Dreding ye were of my woos roghtletee; 
That was to me a grevous hevinesse. 
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 6, f. 116. (Halliwell.) 
rogue (rog), n. [Early mod. E. also roag, roge; 
< OF. rogue, presumptuous, malapert, rude, 
hence used in E. as a noun, a surly fellow, 
a vagabond; prob. < Bret, rok, rog, arrogant, 
proud, haughty, brusk; cf . Ir. Gael, rucas, pride, 
arrogance.] 1. A vagrant; a sturdy beggar; a 
tramp. Persons of this character were, by the old laws 
of England, to be punished by whipping and having the 
ear bored with a hot iron. 
Wast thou fain, poor father, 
To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlorn, 
In short and musty straw? Shak., Lear, iv. 7. 39. 
Ros. Methinks 'tis pity such a lusty fellow 
Should wander up and down, and want employment. 
M. She takes me for a rogue ! You may do well, madam, 
To stay this wanderer, and set him a-work, forsooth. 
Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 3. 
2. A knave; a dishonest person ; a rascal: ap- 
plied generally to males. 
We're bought and sold for English gold 
Such a parcel of rogues in a nation. 
Burns, Farewell to a' our Scottish Fame. 
3. A sly fellow ; a wag. 
The satirical rogue says here that old men have grey 
beards, . . . and that they have a plentiful lack of wit. 
Shak., Hamlet, ii. 2. 197. 
4. A mischievous or playful person : applied 
in slight endearment to children or women. 
Compare roguish, 3. 
Ah, you sweet little rogue, you ! 
Shak., 2 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 283. 
What, rob your boys? those pretty roguesf 
Pope, Imit. of Horace, I. vii. 27. 
5. A rogue elephant (which see, under elephant). 
6. A plant that falls short of a standard re- 
quired by nurserymen, gardeners, etc. 
When a race of plants is once pretty well established, the 
seed-raisers do not pick out the best plants, but merely go 
over their seed-beds, and pull up the rogues, as they call 
the plants that deviate from the proper standard. 
Darwin, Origin of Species, p. 42. 
Rogue elephant. See elephant. Rogue-money, in 
Scotland, an assessment laid on each county for defray- 
ing the expense of apprehending offenders, maintaining 
them in jail, and prosecuting them. Rogues and vag- 
abonds, an appellation under which, in English law, fall 
various classes of persons who may be summarily commit- 
ted, such as fortune-tellers, persons collecting alms under 
false pretenses, persons deserting their families and leav- 
ing them chargeable to the parish, persons wandering 
about as vagrants without visible means of subsistence, 
persons found on any premises for an unlawful purpose, 
and others. Rogues and vagabonds may be summarily 
committed to prison for three months with hard labor. 
See vagrant. Rogues' gallery, a collection of photo- 
graphs of notorious law-breakers, kept at police headquar- 
ters. Rogue's march. See march?. Rogue's yarn, 
a rope-yarn distinguishable from the rest of the yarns 
in a rope, serving to identify rope made in government 
dock-yards. In rope made in United States navy-yards the 
rogue's yarn is twisted in a contrary direction to the others, 
and is of manila in hemp rope and of hemp in manila rope. 
Wild roguet, a vagrant by family inheritance. 
A u-ilde Roge is he that is borne a Roge : he is more subtil 
and more geuen by nature to all kinde of knauery than the 
