Roridula 
Boridula (ro-rid'u-ljj), . [NL. (Linnseus, 1767), 
named from the dewy appearance of the glan- 
dular hairs covering the plant; dim. of L. rori- 
dus, dewy: see rorifl."] A genus of polypeta- 
lous plants of the order Droseraccee, the sundew 
family. It is unlike the rest of the order in its three- 
celled ovary, and is further characterized by a five-parted 
calyx, five petals, five stamens, their anthers with thick- 
ened connectives and dehiscent by terminal pores facing 
outward, and by the ovoid three-angled septifragal cap- 
sules, containing three large pendulous seeds. The 2 
species are natives of the Cape of Good Hope. They are 
very leafy and glandular-hairy undershrubs, bearing nar- 
row entire or pinnatifid leaves, circinately coiled in the 
bud, and rather large red or white two bracted flowers 
forming a terminal raceme or spike. A', dentata is a 
shrubby herb 3 feet high, with the leaves so viscid that it 
is hung up as a flycatcher in Cape country-houses. 
roriferous (ro-rif'e-rus), a. [< L. rorifer, dew- 
bringing (> 'F. rorifere), < ros (ror-), dew, + 
ferre = E. Sear 1 .] Generating or producing 
dew. 
rorifluentt (ro-rif'lij-ent), a. [< L. ros (ror-), 
dew, + flueri(t-)s, flowing. Cf. L. roriflinm, 
honey-flowing.] Flowing with dew. 
rorqual (ror'kwal), n. [= F. rorqual (NL. Bor- 
qualus) : (a) Prob. < Sw. rorhval, ' the round- 
headed cachalot,' < ror (= Dan. reer = Icel. reyrr 
= G. rolir = D. roer = Goth, raws), reed, + hral 
= E. whale, (b) According to Bugge (Romania, 
X. 157), < Norw. reydhr-hval, < (Icel.) raudhr, 
Rorqual. 
red,+ hvalr, whale.] A finner- whale of the ge- 
nus Balsenoptera, having short flippers, a dorsal 
fin, and the throat plicated. There are several spe- 
cies, and the name is sometimes extended to other ceta- 
ceans of the subfamily Raltenopterinte. Some of these 
whales attain great size, the common rorqual, /.'. muscu- 
lus, reaching a length of 60 or 70 feet, while the blue 
rorqual, B. sibbaldi or Sibbaldius tnaximus, is sometimes 
80 feet, being thus the longest known mammal. Eu- 
dolphi's rorqual, B. borealis, is about 60 feet long; the 
lesser rorqual, B. rostrata, 80 feet. These four are well- 
established species in North Atlantic waters, though their 
synonymy has been much confused by the introduction 
and cross-use of various generic names. The sulphur-bot- 
tomed whale of the Pacific is a rorqual, B. sulphurea. 
rorulent (ro'rij-leut), a. [< L. rorulcntiis, full 
of dew, < ros (ror-), dew: see rory."\ If. Full 
of dew. 2. In entom., covered with a kind of 
bloom which may be rubbed off, like that of a 
plum. 
roryt (ro'ri), . [< >wc3 + -;i/i. Cf. rorid.J 
Dewy. Also roary. 
On Libanon at first his foot he set, 
And shook his wings, with rory May-dews wet. 
Fairfax, tr. of Tasso's Godfrey of Boulogne, I. 14. 
Rosa (ro'za), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 1700), < L. 
rosa, a rose : see rose 1 .] A genus of polypeta- 
lous plants, comprising all the genuine roses, 
type of the order Rosacese and sole genus of 
the tribe Boseee. It is characterized by an urn-shaped 
calyx-tube with constricted mouth, bearing five leaf-like 
imbricated lobes, destitute of the intermediate bractlets 
which are frequent in related genera, but often furnished 
with similar smaller leaf-like lobes on their sides. It is 
also distinguished by the broad and open corolla of five 
obovate petals, numerous stamens in many rows, and 
many free carpels each with one pendulous ovule, a ven- 
tral style, and a somewhat dilated stigma, and each form- 
ing in fruit a one-seeded bony achene, the whole mass of 
achenes inclosed in a fleshy fruiting receptacle, known 
as the hip or hep. (See Rosacex.) The species are poly- 
morphous and variable, and though 600 have been enu- 
merated (exclusive of garden varieties), they are believed 
to be reducible to 50 or 55. They inhabit temperate and 
subalpine regions through a large part of the northern 
hemisphere, being limited southward by India, Abyssinia, 
and Mexico, and being less numerous in America than in 
the Old World, ft. cinnamomea is said to be found as 
far north as Point Barrow in Alaska (71 27'). Ten species 
are native in the northeastern United States, of which 
one, R. Wanda, extends to Hudson's Bay. Five species 
are found in Great Britain, or, as they are sometimes clas- 
sified, 20. They are erect or climbing shrubs, commonly 
with prickly stems, the leaves smooth, silky, or downy, 
or (in Jt. rubiginosa, the sweetbrier) beset with copious 
minute glands beneath and fragrant. The leaves are al- 
ternate and unequally pinnate, with adherent wing-like 
stipules and serrate leaflets ; in R. berberifoUa, a small 
yellow-flowered Persian species, they are reduced to a 
single leaflet or are replaced wholly by stipules. The 
flowers are large and beautiful, often fragrant, made dou- 
ble in cultivation by the transformation of part or all of 
the stamens into petals, and also so occurring rarely in the 
wild state. They are of numerous shades of red, white, 
and yellow, and often over 2 inches across, In R. gigantea, 
of Upper Burma, reaching 6 inches. The scarlet or crim- 
son fruit is often ornamental and sometimes edible. See 
rosei. 
Rosacese (ro-za'se-e), . pi. [NL. (Jussieu, 
1789), fern. pi. of L. rosacem: see rosaceous.} 
An order of polypetalous plants, of the cohort 
Rosales; the rose family, it is characterized by 
5228 
a calyx of five lobes often alternating with five bract- 
lets ; by a calyx-tube sheathed by a disk which bears the 
five uniform petals and the one or more complete circles 
of numerous stamens ; and by the usually several or many 
separate carpels inserted at the base or throat of the calyx- 
tube, each with a basilar or ventral style, and usually with 
two anatropous ovules which are pendulous or ascending. 
Some yellow- or white-flowered species suggest by their ap- 
pearance the buttercup family. ]lamtnculace&. but their 
numerous stamens and pistils are inserted on the calyx or 
disk, not on the receptacle. The rose family is closely 
allied to the Lcguminota; but in that order the fifth 
petal, in this the fifth sepal, is nearest the axis of the 
plant. The resemblance is most strongly marked be- 
tween the drupaceous Rosacea and the acacias. The or- 
der passes gradually, through the spiraeas, into the saxi- 
frage family, but is distinguished in general by its in- 
florescence, its exalbuminous seeds, and its commonly 
numerous pistils. Its species are properly about 1,000, 
though over 2,000 have been enumerated. They are 
classed in 71 genera composing 10 tribes (Chrysobalaneee, 
Prunetp, Spiraea, Quillaicsp, Rubeee, PotentUlea, Poteriex, 
Rosex, Neuradex, and Pomese). These are often grouped 
in 3 subfamilies, Drupaeex, Pomacea, and Rosacex prop- 
er. They are natives both of temperate and of tropical 
regions, extending southward principally in the tribes 
Chryitobalanex and Quillaiex; 4 genera reach Australia, 
4 South Africa, and 4 or 5 Chill. The chief home of the 
order, however, is the north temperate zone, whence it 
extends into the extreme north. More than 25 species 
occur in Alaska, while the genera Alchem&la. PotentiUa, 
and especially Dryas, furnish characteristic arctic plants, 
the last affording the most common plant found by the 
Greely arctic expedition, forming beds covering acres in 
the interior of Grinnell Land, and flourishing on Lock- 
wood's island, latitude 83' 24' N. The order Includes herbs, 
trees, and shrubs, either erect or prostrate, rarely climb- 
Ing. Their leaves are generally alternate, either simple 
or compound, often with glandular teeth, accompanied 
by stipules, these being free or adherent to the petiole, 
which is frequently dilated at the base and gland-bearing 
at the summit The flowers are very often showy, com- 
monly red, white, or yellow, but not blue, of very various 
inflorescence, either solitary or in racemes, spikes, pani- 
cles, or cymes. The order offers examples of widely dif- 
ferent types of fruit, as the drupe, pome, follicle, and 
achene, with many specialized fruiting-bodies, as the rose- 
hip, the fleshy receptacle of the strawberry, and the drupe- 
turn or collection of small drupes found in the raspberry, 
and, with the addition of a fleshy receptacle, in the black- 
berry. The true berry and the capsule are, however, but 
seldom produced in this family. Many of the most val- 
ued fruit-trees belong here, as the apple, pear, plum, 
cherry, peach, and apricot ; and many of the most com- 
mon ornamental flowering shrubs of cultivation, for which 
see Rota (the type), Spirsea, Kerria, Photinia, Pyrus, Pru- 
nus, etc. ; together with many weedy plants, as Agriino- 
nia, Geum. PotentUla. 
rosaceous (ro-za'shius), a. [< L. rosaeeus, made 
of roses, < ro.ia, a rose : see rose 1 .] 1. In hot. : 
(a) Rose-like; having a corolla composed of 
several wide-spreading roundish petals, with 
the claws very short or almost wanting. (b) 
Of or pertaining to the order Rosacex. 2. In 
zool., of a rosy color; rose-red; rosy; roseate. 
rosal (ro'zal), a. [< L. "rosaliit, of roses (> 8p. 
rosal, rose-bush, = Pg. rosal, bed of roses), < 
rosa, arose: see rose 1 .] If. Rosy. 
While thus from forth her rosall gate she sent 
Breath form'd in words, the marrow of content. 
Beedome, Poems (1641). (Nares.) 
2. Inbot., typified by the order Rosaeese : used 
by Lindley in his class name rosal alliance. 
3. Belonging to the cohort Bosales. 
Rosales (rg-za'lez), n.pl. [NL. (Lindley, 1833), 
pi. of L. *rosalis: see rosal.'] A cohort of di- 
cotyledonous plants, of the polypetalous series 
Calyciflorx, characterized by distinct styles and 
solitary or numerous and separate carpels, not 
united into a syncarpic ovary as in the other 
cohorts of the series. The leaves are either com- 
pound or simple, and the flowers either regular or irregu- 
lar, but commonly unisexual. It includes 9 orders, 3 of 
which are small families with a pendulous apical ovule - - 
the Hamamelidex, trees and shrubs, Bmniacesc, heath- 
like shrubs, and Haloragex, chiefly aquatics; 1, a small 
family with parietal ovules the Droseracex, glandular 
herbs; and the 5 others, families with ovules ascending 
or affixed to the central angle the large orders Legumi- 
nosx, Rosacex, and Saxtfragacex, together with the Con- 
naracefe, tropical trees and shrubs, and the Cra&sulacete, 
fleshy herbs. 
rosalia (ro-za'li-a), n. [< It. rosalia (> F. rosa- 
lie) : see d'ef .] l! In music, a form of melody in 
which a phrase or figure is repeated two or three 
times, each time being transposed a step or half- 
step upward. The term is derived from the first word 
of an old Italian song in which such repetition was used. 
It is sometimes applied to repetitions in which the pro- 
gression is downward or is by longer intervals than a step. 
2. A kind of marmoset, the marikina. 3. [cop.] 
[NL.] In entom., a genus of cerambycid beetles. 
.S'eraHe, 1833. 
Rosalina (ro-za-li'na), n. [NL., < L. rosa, a 
rose : see rose 1 .] A fossil genus of many-cham- 
bered Foraminifera : so named because the cells 
are disposed in a circular or rose-like form. 
rosaniline (ro-zan'i-lin), n. [< rose 1 + aniline. 
See rose-aniline."] An organic base (C2nH2i 
NqO), a derivative of aniline, crystallizing in 
white needles, capable of uniting with acids 
to form salts, which are the well-known rosan- 
rosary 
iline coloring matters of commerce; also, llio 
color thus produced. Thus, fuchsin is the mnnohy- 
drochlorid and azalein the nitrate of rosuniline. Silk and 
wool dipped into aqueous solutions of any of the salts with- 
draw them from solution and become dyed at once. Cot- 
ton, on the other hand, does not withdraw the coloring 
matter, but must be first treated with a mordant of some 
animal substance, such as albumen. Also called aniline 
red, roseine, magenta, azalein. Diphenyl rosaniline, an 
aniline dye giving a blue-violet color.- Kosaniline-blue. 
Same as spirit-blue. 
rosaria, . A plural of rosarium. 
rosarian (ro-za'ri-an), 11. [< L. rosarium, a rose- 
garden (see rosary), + -an.] 1 . A cultivator of 
roses ; a rose-grower ; a rose-fancier. 
The Rev. Reynolds Hole, Canon of Lincoln, the genial 
pastor and rosarian, who formulated the aphorism that 
"he who would grow beautiful roses in his garden must 
first of all have beautiful roses in his heart." 
Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 14. 
2. [caii."] A member of the Fraternity of the 
Rosary. 
Another Rosarian recommends a special temporal in- 
tention. Rosarian, i. 37a (Encyc. Diet.) 
rosarium (ro-/.a'ri-um), . ; pi. rosariums, rosaria 
(-umz, -a). [L., a rose-garden : see rosary.] A 
rose-garden. 
The rosarium must be both open and sheltered, a place 
both of sunshine and shade. Quarterly Rev., CXLV. 369. 
rosary (ro'za-ri), n.; pi. rosaries (-riz). [< ME. 
rosarie, < OF. rosarie, later rosairc = Sp. Pg. 
It. rosario, a rosary, < ML. rosarium, a garland 
of roses to crown the image of the Virgin, a 
chaplet of beads used in prayers in honor of 
the Virgin, instituted by St. Dominic, a rosary, 
also a rose-bush, and, as in L., a rose-garden 
(hence used in ML. as a fanciful title for trea- 
tises or anthologies) ; neut. of rosarius, of roses, 
< rosa, a rose: see rose 1 . In def. 8, < ML. ro- 
sarius (so. nummus), a coin so called, < L. ro- 
sarium, adj., as above.] If. A rose-garden. 
This moone is eke the rosaries to make 
With setes, or me may here sedes aowe. 
Pailadius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 80. 
Is there a Hercules that dare to touch, 
Or enter the Hesperian rosaries? 
Maehin, Dumb Knight, iv. 1. 
2f. A rose-bush. 
The ruddy rosary, 
Tin- souerayne rosemary, 
The praty strawbery. 
Sh-ltun, Garland of Laurel, 1. 979. 
The sweetest and the fairest blossom that ever budded, 
either out of the white or red rosary. 
Proceedings against Garnet, etc., slg. D. d. S (1606). 
3. A garland of roses ; any garland; a chaplet. 
Every day propound to yourself a rosary or chaplet of 
good works, to present to God at night. 
Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying. (Latham.) 
4. Hence, an anthology; a book culled from 
various authors, like a garland of flowers : for- 
merly often given as a title to works of such a 
character. 5. A string of beads carried about 
the person, either for mere pastime, as to oc- 
cupy the fingers, or for reckoning, especially in 
numbering the prayers offered up at fixed times 
of the day. Mohammedans carry rosaries with them 
for both these purposes, wearing them in the girdle or car- 
rying them in the hand at all hours of the day. 
6. Specifically, in the Bom. Catii. Cfi. : (a) A 
aeries of devotions consisting of a specified 
number of aves (that is, salutations to the Vir- 
gin Mary), of paternosters (that is, repetitions 
of the Lord's Prayer), and of glorias (or doxol- 
ogies). 
Our Lady's Psalter ... is now better known as the Ro- 
sary. Rock, Church of our Fathers, III. i. 320. 
(b) A string of beads of various sizes repre- 
senting the same number of aves, paternosters, 
and glorias respectively, used for marking off 
these prayers. Each bead receives the name of the 
prayer it represents. The rosary is divided into decads 
of aves, each decad being preceded by a paternoster and 
followed by a gloria. The ordinary rosary, sometimes 
called the Dominican rosary, consists of fifteen decads 
that is, of one hundred and fifty aves (corresponding to 
the number of psalms in the Psalter), fifteen paternos- 
ters, and fifteen glorias. In this rosary each decad is de- 
voted to the contemplation of a mystery of the life of 
Christ, the first five being joyful mysteries (such as the 
annunciation and the nativity), the second five being the 
sorrowful mysteries (such as the passion), the third five 
being the glorious mysteries (such as the resurrection 
and ascension). This regular use of the rosary of one 
hundred and fifty aves was first instituted by St. Domi- 
nic (1170-1221), although the devotional use of beads, 
etc., was already familiar. The term rosary also applies 
to a similar instrument of devotion in use among the 
Greeks, Armenians, and other Eastern communions. See 
chapletl, 6. 
7. A string of eggs of a batrachian wound 
about the body or limbs, as of the nurse-frog 
or obstetrical toad, Alytes obstftricatis. See cut 
under Alytes. E. D. Cope.S. A counterfeit 
