Rouen cross 
the chief decoration being gathered up into four or five 
bosses marking the form of the cross. 
Rouen duck. See duel: 2 . 
Rouen pottery. See pottery. 
rouerie (ro'e-re), it. [F., < roue, a profligate : see 
roue.'] The character or conduct of a roud ; 
rakishness ; debauchery. 
Certain young English gentlemen from the age of fifteen 
to twenty . . . ape all sorts of selfishness and rouerie. 
Thackeray, Fitz-Boodle's Confessions. 
rouet (ro-a'), H. [< F. rouet, a little wheel, dim. 
of roue, & wheel : see rota 1 .] Same as rewet. 
rouge (rozh), a. and . [< F. rouge, red, as a 
noun rouge, OF. roge, rouge = Pr. rog, fern. 
roja = Cat. rotj = Sp. rojo, rubio = It. roggio, 
robbio, < ML. L. rubius, L. rubeus, red ; akin to 
ruber, ruf us, red: see red 1 ."] I. a. Red: as 
in the French rouge croix, rouge et noir, etc. 
Rouge Croix, one of the pursuivants of the English 
heraldic establishment : so called from the red cross of 
St. George, the patron saint of England. Rouge Drag- 
on, in her., one of the pursuivants of the Heralds' College 
of England. The name is taken from the red dragon, 
one of the supporters of the arms of Henry VII., and 
said to have been taken by him from the badge or device 
of some Welsh ancestor. 
II. H. 1. Any red cosmetic or coloring for the 
skin. There are many coloring matters used for this 
purpose. That obtained from the safflower, Carthamus 
tinctoriug, is rather a stain than a paint, and is thought to 
be harmless to the skin. Rouge has been used at many 
epochs by women, and even by men. The custom was car- 
ried to a great extent in Europe in the eighteenth cen- 
tury, at which time, at least in court circles, there was 
little attempt at imitating the natural blush of the cheek, 
but the red was applied, as patches were, to produce a 
supposed decorative effect. 
Doth riotous laughter now replace 
Thy smile, and rouge, with stony glare, 
Thy cheek's soft hue ? 
Matthew Arnold, Switzerland. 
To see the rouge and the powder on the face of a young 
woman still playing her part WHS one thing ; to mark the 
traces of them on the vulgarized and faded countenance 
of one whose day was over was quite another. 
Mrs. Oliphant, Poor Gentleman, xl. 
2. A scarlet, bright-crimson, or dark-red ppl- 
ishing-powder (peroxid of iron, sometimes in- 
termingled with black oxid) made by a variety 
of processes, and varying in color according to 
the mode of production. Common rouge Is made by 
calcining iron sulphate (copperas), its color being lighter 
or darker according to the prolongation of the heating. 
The darker product is called crocus and the lighter rouge. 
A general name for both rouge and crocus is colcothar. A 
fine scarlet rouge used by jewelers for polishing gold and 
silver is made from iron oxalate either by calcination or 
precipitation. Rouge obtained from the sulphate of iron 
is much used for polishing glass, metals, and other hard 
substances. A polishing-powder for plate is a mixture of 
prepared chalk and fine rouge. Jewelers' rouge. See 
jeweler and plate-powder. 
rouge (ro/.h), r. ; pret. and pp. rouged, ppr. 
roiujing. [< rouge, .] I. trans. 1. To color 
(the skin, especially the cheeks) with rouge. 
There was not a lady at the bull-light who was not 
highly rouged and powdered. The Century, XXVII. 5. 
2. To cause to become red, as from blushing. 
[Rare.] 
Madame d'Henln, though rouged the whole time with 
confusion, never ventured to address a word to me. 
Mine. D'Arblay, Diary and Letters, IV. 284. 
H. intrans. 1. To use rouge, especially on 
the cheeks. 
Rouging and making-up [in a theater] are largely de- 
pendent upon the size of the house. 
The Century, XXXV. 539. 
2. To become red; redden; blush. [Rare.] 
They all stared, and to be sure I rouged pretty high. 
Mme. D'Arblay, Diary and Letters, I. 228. 
rouge-berry (rb'zh'ber-'i), H. A shrub, Rivma 
Ixvis (including B. humilis), of tropical Amer- 
ica, often grown in hothouses. It bears racemes 
of brightred berries whose juice affords an evanescent 
scarlet color, used in the West Indies as a cosmetic. Also 
rouge-plant. 
rouge-dish (rpzh'dish), u, A small saucer con- 
taining a thin layer of dry rouge for use as a 
cosmetic. Such saucers, as prepared in Portu- 
gal, usually contain genuine carmine. 
rouge-et-noir (rozh-a-nwor'), . [F., red and 
black: rouge, red (see rouge); et (< L. e),and; 
noir (< L. nigcr), black (see negro).] A game 
at cards, played between a "banker" and an 
unlimited number of persons, at a table marked 
with four spots of a diamond shape, two col- 
ored black and two red. A player may stake his 
money upon rouge (red) or noir (black) by placing it on 
the outer ring of the table. Two rows of cards are placed 
upon the table, one for noir, the other tor rouge: the spots 
on the cards in each row are counted, the face-cards being 
considered as ten-spots, and the players betting on that 
row the spots on which come nearest to 31 are winners. 
Also called trente-et-quarante. 
rouge-plant (rozh'plant), . Same as rouge- 
berry. 
5240 
rouge-pot (rozh'pot). H. A .small covered pot 
for rouge, intended to form part of a toilet-set. 
rouge-powder (rozh'pou'der), M. See rouge 
and plate-powder. 
Rouge's operation. An operation by which the 
upper lip and the lower part of the nose are cut 
away from the upper jaw, to aid in removing 
growths or necrosed bone from the nasal cavity. 
rouget (ro-zha'), n. [< F. rouget, < rouge, red: 
see rouge.~] An acute infectious disease (septi- 
cemia) of swine : so called on account of more or 
less redness of skin accompanying it. It is caused 
by the multiplication, in the blood* ana various vital or- 
gans, of a specific bacillus, and is fatal in about one half 
of the cases. It is not known to prevail outside of France 
and Germany. 
To investigate the disease known as swine fever, which 
is unfortunately prevalent in several counties at the pres- 
ent moment, with a view to ascertain the truth of the 
alleged identity of that disease and rouget. 
Daily Chronicle, Aug. 12, 1866. (Encyc. Diet.) 
rough 1 (ruf), a. and n. [< ME. rough, rogh, roge, 
roif, rou, rugli, ru, rug, ruh, < AS. ruh, rare- 
ly rug (in inflection ruh-, rug-, rum-, rarely 
nidi-), rough, hairy, shaggy, untrimmed, un- 
cultivated, knotty, undressed, = OD. ruch, ru, 
MD. ruych, ruygh, D. ruig, ruw = MLG. riirh, 
rutr, ru, LG. nig = OHG. ruh, MHG. ruch, G. 
raiih, also rauch (in ranch-icerk, peltries, furs, 
rauch-handel, trade in furs, etc.), rough, shag- 
gy, = Dan. ru, rough ; cf . Lith. raukas, a fold, 
wrinkle, rukti, wrinkle. Cf. rugl, rugged.'] I, 
a. 1. Not smooth to the touch or to the sight; 
uneven, from projections, ridges, wrinkles, or 
the like; broken in outline or continuity by 
protruding points or lines, irregularities, or ob- 
structions; shaggy: as, a rougli surface of any 
kind; roi/jr/iland; aro<;Aroad; rough cloth. 
His browes reade and rmce, and his berde reade and 
longe, that henge down to his breste. 
Merlin(E. E. T. S.), lit 635. 
These high wild hills and rough uneven ways 
Draws out our miles, and makes them wearisome. 
SAo*.,Rich. II., it 8. 4. 
She sped 
Through camp and cities rough with stone and steel. 
Shelley, Adonais, \xh 
At the end of the file Irene noticed a gentleman clad in 
a perfectly-fitting rough travelling suit. 
C. D. Warner, Their Pilgrimage, p. 4. 
2. Not smoothed or formed by art; existing 
or left in a natural or an incomplete state; 
crude ; un wrought ; uneven ; untrimmed : as, 
the rough materials of manufacture. 
She is very honest, 
And will be hard to cut as a rough diamond. 
Fletcher, Wife for a Month, iv. 2. 
3. Rugged in form, outline, or appearance ; 
harsh or unpleasiug to the eye ; irregular. 
A ropy chain of rheums ; a visage rough, 
Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. 
Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, x. 
4. Crudely done or considered ; indefinitely ap- 
proximate ; vague ; partial ; careless ; hasty : 
as, to make a rough estimate or calculation ; at 
a rough guess. 
There is not a subscription goes forward In which Tom 
is not privy to the first rough draught of the proposals. 
Addison, Tatler, Xo. 158. 
A rough census was taken at the time of the Armada. 
Froude, Sketches, p. 138. 
At the same time, for carrying conviction in the first in- 
stance, it is only necessary to use large masses, and for 
this a rough count will answer. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., IX. 146. 
5. Characterized by harshness or asperity ; 
disagreeably severe or coarse ; discordant : used 
of things and actions with reference to their 
effects upon the senses or feelings, actions, 
sounds, etc. : as, rough weather ; a rough rem- 
edy ; rough treatment. 
Your reproof is something too rough [in some editions, 
round). Shak., Hen. V., iv. 1. 216. 
I am glad to find that the rough Clime of Russia agrees 
so well with you. Howell, Letters, I. vi. 33. 
6. Lacking refinement; rude in character or 
action ; unpolished ; untrained ; uncouth ; awk- 
ward: as, rough kindness or attendance; a 
rough backwoodsman. 
For I am rough, and woo not like a babe. 
Shak., T. of the S., ii. 1. 138. 
Brom, who had a degree of rough chivalry in his nature, 
would fain have carried matters to open warfare. 
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 433. 
7. Characterized by violent or disorderly action 
or movement ; rudely agitated or disturbed ; 
boisterously violent; unrestrained: as, rough 
water; rough play. 
The winds grew contrary, and seas too rough to be brooked 
by so small a vessel. Sandys, Travailes, p. 14. 
rough 
When I was a Boy, the Prince of Salmona, riding trough 
Horse at Naples, . . . held Reals under his Knees and 
Toes. Montaigne, Essays (tr. by Cotton, 1693), I. 601. 
The town was rough with a riot between the press-gang 
and the whaling-folk. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, iv. 
Nor is that wind less rough which blows a good man's 
barge. M. Arnold, Empedocles on Etna. 
8. Coarse; stale: as, rough bread; roui/h fish. 
[Slang.] 
The poorerclasses live mostly on fish, and the "dropped " 
and rough fish is bought chiefly fof the poor. 
Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 53. 
9. Astringent: said of wines or other bever- 
ages: as, a rough claret. 
The rougher the drink [cider] the farther It will go, and 
the more acceptable it is to the working man. 
Spont' Encyc. Mann/., I. 417. 
10. In bot., same as scabrous. 11. In Gr. 
gram., accompanied by, constituting, or mark- 
ing the stronger aspiration, equivalent to our 
h; aspirated (in a narrower sense) : as, a. rough 
mute; the rough breathing. The rough breathing 
(fpiritus asper) is our h. The rough mutes are 6 (th), $ (ph), 
and x (eh\ equivalent in earlier times to ( + h, p + h, and 
t + K, but in later times to English th (in thin), /, and Ger- 
man ch (cb), respectively. Rough translates Greek Soc-vs, 
and is opposed to smooth (if/tA<k). Perfectly rough, in 
theoretical dyiutm., so rough that a body will not slip over 
the surfaces so characterized. Rough-and-ready, (a) 
Rough in character or manner, but prompt in action or 
ready for emergencies : as, a rough-and-ready workman. 
He was not going to hang back when called upon he 
had always been rough and ready when wanted and then 
he was now ready as ever, and rotigh enough, too, God 
knows. Trottope, Dr. Thome, xxii. 
(b) Bough, harsh, or crnde in kind, but ready or prompt 
in action or use. 
He [Rousseau] could not have been the mere sentimen- 
talist and! rhetorician for which the rough-and-ready un- 
derstanding would at first glance be inclined to condemn 
him. Lowell, Among My Books, 1st ser., p. 353. 
Teutons or Celtic we were to be, and in this rough-and- 
ready fashion we were enlisted under one or other of the 
banners. Contemporary Rev., LIII. 
Rough-and-tumble, consisting of or characterized by 
rough and tumbling action ; carried on with, requiring, 
or employing indiscriminate blows, falls, or struggles : 
used of a method of free fighting in which all means are 
allowable, and extended to other subjects involving similar 
conditions. [Colloq. ] Rough arch, bindweed, cicely, 
coat, diamond. See the nouns. Rough breathing. See 
def. 11. Rough-cut margin. See margin, 1. Rough- 
faced rustic work, masonry in which the faces of the 
blocks are left rough, and the joints are chiseled, either 
plain or chamfered. Rough file, fish, log, parsnip, 
plate-glass. See the nouns. Rough oak. Same as 
poet-oak. Rough-pointed stone, in stone-cutting, stone 
from the face of which an inch or more has been removed 
by the pick, or by heavy points, leaving projections of from 
half an inch to an inch in height. Blocks of stone are thus 
treated as the first operation in dressing limestone and 
granite. Rough respiration, rice, setter, etc. See the 
nouns. Short and rough. Seeshart. =Syn.l. Rugged, 
jagged. 2. Unhewn, unwrought. 5. Hirsute, bristly. 
6. Indelicate, ungracious, bluff, blunt, bearish, churlish, 
gruff, impolite, brusk. 
II. n. 1. Rough or roughened state or con- 
dition; crudeness; rawness; vehemence; ex- 
acerbation: with the: as, materials or work in 
the rough ; the rough of a storm. 
I knew a King that, being crossed in his Game, would 
amid his Oaths fall on the Ground, and bite the very Earth 
in the Rough of his Passion. Howell, Letters, I. v. 11. 
Contemplating the people in the rough. 
Mrs. Brmcniny, Aurora Leigh, vt 
2. A projecting piece inserted in a horse's shoe, 
to keep him from slipping. 
If this steel rough fa spike inserted in a square hole In 
each heel of a horseshoe) be made to fit the hole exactly, 
it remains firm in its place. 
E. H. Knight, New Mech. Diet, p. 770. 
3t. Rough weather. 
In calms, you fish ; in roughs, use songs and dances. 
P. Fletcher, Piscatory Eclogues, vlt 32. 
4. pi. In mining, a poor grade of tin ore, or that 
which has been only roughly dressed. Also 
rows. [Cornwall, Eng.] 
rough 1 (ruf), v. [< ME. ruhen, rouwen = OHG. 
gi-ruhan, make rough ; from the adj. : see 
rough 1 , a."] I. trans. 1. To make rough; give 
a rough condition or appearance to ; roughen : 
as, to rough a horse's shoes to prevent slipping. 
The roughing of bottle-neck interiors is done by iron 
tools fixed on a lathe and moistened with sand and water. 
Harper's Mag., LXXIX. 261. 
2. To execute or shape out roughly; finish 
partially or in the rough ; prepare for a finish- 
ing operation : as, to rough out building-stones. 
The bowlders . . . were thrown to the surface to be 
roughed out and trimmed. Amer. Anthrop., III. 224. 
In the grinding of a lens, the first operation consists in 
roughing it, or bringing it approximately to the curvature 
it is ultimately to assume. 
E. L. Wilson, Quarter Century in Photography, p. 35. 
Roughing-down rolls. Same as roughing-rollt. 
Roughing-in or roughing-up coat. See coat?. To 
rough a horse. () To make a horse's shoes rough in or- 
der to keep him from slipping. See rough^, n., 2. 
