rough-stuff 
rough-stuff (ruf'stuf), n. In painting, coarse 
paint applied next after the priming, to be cov- 
ered by the final coat or coats. 
Paint has less tendency to crack where rough-fluff \* left 
off. Workshop Heceipts, 2d ser., p. 439. 
roughtt. An obsolete preterit of reck. 
roughtail (ruf'tal), n. Any snake of the fam- 
ily Uropeltidee; ashieldtail. 
rough-tailed ( ruf 'tald), . Having a rough tail, 
as a snake : specifically said of the Uropeltidee. 
rough-tree (ruf 'tre), n. Naut. : (a) A rough un- 
finished mast or spar. (6) The part of a inast 
above the deck Rough-tree rails, a timber form- 
ing the top of the bulwark. 
rough wing (ruf 'wing), n. 1. A British moth. 
Phtheocltron rugosana. 2. A rough-winged 
swallow. 
rough-winged (ruf ' wingd), a. Having the out- 
er web or the first primary re- 
trorsely serrulate, as a swallow 
of the subfamily Psalidoprocninse. 
The common rough-winged swallow of the 
United States is Stelyidopteryx serripennu. 
It closely resembles the bank-swallow. 
rough-work (ruf'werk), v. t. To 
work over coarsely, without re- 
gard to nicety, smoothness, or 
finish. 
Thus you must continue till you have 
raugh-icraught all your work from end to 
end. J. " 
rouket. . 
of ruck 1 . 
J. Moxon, Mechanical Exercises. 
A Middle English form 
roulade (ro-lad'), w, [< F. roa- 
lade,<. rouler, roll, trill: see roll.~\ 
In vocal music, a melodic embel- 
lishment consisting in a rapid suc- 
cession of tones sung to a single 
syllable ; a run. 
roulet, v. An obsolete form of 
roll. 
rouleau (ro-16'), . ; pi. rouleaux (r8-16z', F. ro- 
16'). [< F. rouleau, a roll, a roll of paper, dim. 
of OF. roule, a roll : see roll.} 1 . A roll. Specifi- 
cally (a) A roll of paper containing a specified number of 
coins of the same denomination. 
In bright confusion open rouleaux lie. 
Pope, The Basket-Table, 1. 81. 
Wer. (showing a rouleau). Here 's gold gold, Josephine, 
Will rescue us from this detested dungeon. 
Byron, Werner, i. 1. 
(6) In millinery, a large piping or rounded fluting : gene- 
rally used in the plural : as, a trimming of rouleaux. 
2. Mttit., one of a collection of round bundles 
of fascines tied together, which serve to cover 
besiegers or to mask the head of a work. 
Rouleau of blood-corpuscles, the peculiar arrangement 
that the red blood-corpuscles tend to assume when drawn 
from the system, forming cylindrical columns, like rolls 
or piles of coins. 
roulett, n. An obsolete form of roulette. 
roulette (ro-lef), . [< F. roulette, a little 
wheel, a caster, etc., also a game so called, fern, 
dim. of OF. ronle, a wheel, a roll, etc.: see roll.'] 
1. An engravers' tool, used for producing a 
series of dots on a copperplate, and in mezzo- 
tint to darken any part which has been too 
much burnished. Roulettes are of two kinds : one is 
shaped like the rowel of a spur ; the other has the rowel 
at right angles with the shaft, thick in the middle and di- 
minishing toward the sides, which are notched and sharp- 
ened to a series of fine points. A similar instrument is 
used in mechanical drawing, and in plotting. It is dipped 
into India ink, so that the points imprint a dotted line as 
the wheel is passed over the paper. 
2. A cylindrical object used to curl hair upon, 
whether of the head or of a wig. 3. In geom., 
a curve traced by any point in the plane of a 
given curve when this plane rolls on this curve 
over another curve. 4. A game of chance, 
played at a table, in the center of which is a 
cavity surmounted by a revolving disk, the cir- 
cumference of which is generally divided into 
38 compartments colored black and red alter- 
nately, and numbered 1 to 36, with a zero and 
double zero. The person in charge of the table (the 
banker or tailleur) sets the disk in motion, and causes a 
ball to revolve on it in an opposite direction. This ball 
finally drops into one of the compartments, thus deter- 
mining the winning number or color. The players, of 
whom there may be any number, may stake on a figure or 
a group of figures, on even or odd number, or on the black 
or red. Should the player stake on a single figure and be 
successful, he wins 35 times his stake. The amount varies 
in the event of success on other chances. 
6242 
roulroul, . [Native name. See Rollulus.'] A 
bird of the genus Kollulus. 
rouly-poulyt, An obsolete form of roly- 
poly. 
roumH, and n. An obsolete form of room 1 . 
roum 2 , n. Same as room?. 
Roumanian, a. and n. See Rumanian. 
Roumansh, a. and n. Same as Romansn. 
Roumelian, a. and n. Same as Kumelian. 
rount, v. See round 2 . 
rount, n. See round 2 . 
Herkne to my rotm. 
Harris and Skeat, Spec, of Early English, II. iv. (A) 44. 
Lenten ya come with love to toune, 
With blosmen ant with briddes roune (birds' song]. 
llitmn. Ancient Songs (ed. 1829), I. 63. (Iliilliuell.) 
rounce (rouns), . [Origin uncertain.] 1. In 
printing, a wheel-pulley in a hand-press, which 
winds and unwinds girths that draw the type- 
form on the bed to and from impression under 
the platen. See cut under printing-press. 
2. A game of cards, played with a full pack 
by not more than nine persons. Each player 
starts with fifteen points, and for every trick he takes 
subtracts one from the score ; the player who first reaches 
zero wins. 
rounce-handle (rouns'han'dl), . In printing, 
the crank attached to the rounce, by which it 
is turned. See printing-press. 
rouncevalt. rouncivalt (roun'se-val, -si-val), n. 
and a. [Also ronceval, rundval; so called in 
allusion to the gigantic bones, believed to be 
those of Charlemagne's heroes, said to have 
been dug up at Roncesvalles (F. Eoncevaux), 
a town at the foot of the Pyrenees, where, 
according to the old romances, the army of 
Charlemagne was routed by the Saracens.] 
1. n. 1. A giant; hence, anything very large 
and strong. 
Hereof I take it comes that seeing a great woman we 
say she Is a Rouncevall. Fol. 22. b. (ed. 1600). ( A' ares.) 
2. The marrowfat pea: so called from its large 
size. 
And set, as a dainty, thy nmciral pease. 
Tusser, January's Husbandry, st. 8. 
Another [serving-man], stumbling at the Threshold, 
tumbled In his Dish of RouncevaU before him. 
Brome, Jovial Crew, v. 
From Cicero, that wrote in prose, 
So call'd from rounceval on s nose. 
Musarum Delicix (1666). (Naret.) 
In Staffordshire, garden rmmcivals sown in the fields 
kernel well. Mortimer, Husbandry. 
II. a. Large; strong; robustious. 
Dost roare, bulchin? dost roare? th' ast a good rou/ici- 
nall voice to cry Lanthorne <fc Candle-light. 
Dekker, Humorous Poet (Works, ed. Pearson, I. 243). 
rounceyt, rounciet, . See rouncy. 
rounclet, *>. t. An obsolete form of runkle. 
rouncyt (roun'si), n. [Also rovncey, rounde; 
< MB. rouncy, rounsie, rounce, rwinse, rouncin, 
< OF. roncin, runcin, ronci, F. roussin = Pr. rossi, 
rod, roncin = Cat. rod = Sp. rodn = Pg. rocim 
= It. rondono, ronzino, a nag, hack (whence 
Sp. rodnante = OF. rossinante, a miserable 
hack, the name of Don Quixote's horse), < ML. 
rundnus ; origin uncertain ; perhaps < G. ross, 
a horse (> F. rosse, a poor horse, sorry jade), = 
E. horse 1 : see horse 1 . The W. rhwnsi, a rough- 
coated horse, is perhaps < E.] 1. A common 
hackney-horse ; a nag. 
He rood upon a rouncy as he couthe. 
Chaucer, Gen. ProL to C. T., 1. 390. 
The war horse is termed dextrarius. as led by the squire 
with his right hand ; the runclnus, or rmmcey, was the 
horse of an attendant or servant. 
& DowM, Taxes in England, I. 74, note. 
2. A vulgar, coarse woman. Salliwell. 
round 1 (round), a. and n. [Early mod. E. also 
rownd; < ME. round, rownd, ronde = D. rond = 
MHG. runt, G. rund = Dan. Sw. rund, < OF. 
rond, roont, roond, F. rond = Pr. redon, redun 
= Cat. redo, rodd = Sp. Pg. rotundo, redondo = 
It. rotondo, ritondo, < L. rotundus, like a wheel, 
round, circular, spherical, < rota, awheel: see 
rota 1 , and cf. rotund. Hence ult. roundel, 
roundelay, rondeau, rundlet, etc.] I. a. 1. Cir- 
cular, or roughly so; plane, without angles, 
and having no axis much longer than any 
other. 
Hound was his face, and camuse was his nose. 
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, L 14. 
This yle of Mylo is an c. myle northe from Candy ; it 
was called Melos, and is roundest of all yles. 
Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 62. 
For meals, a round tray is brought in, and placed upon 
a low stool. E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, I. 20. 
2. Having circular sections: ae.round columns; 
round chambers. See round bodies, below. 
round 
3. Spherical; globular; compressed about a 
center ; collected into a shape more or less ex- 
actly spherical. 
Upon the firm opacous globe 
Of this round world. Hilton, P. L., ill. 419. 
4. Without corners or edges ; convex, not elon- 
gated, and un wrinkled; bounded by lines or 
surfaces of tolerably uniform curvature. 
And yet it irks me, the poor dappled fools [deer] . . . 
Should . . . have their round haunches gored. 
Shak., As you Like it, ii. 1. 26. 
In person he was not very tall, but exceedingly round; 
neither did his bulk proceed from his being fat. but 
windy ; being blown up by a prodigious conviction of his 
own importance. Irmng, Knickerbocker, p. 312. 
He [the King of Saxony] is of medium height, with slop- 
Ing, round shoulders. T. C. Crawford, English Life, p. 87. 
5. Proceeding with an easy, smooth, brisk mo- 
tion, like that of a wheel: as, a round trot. 
A round and flowing utterance. Barct, Alvearie, 1580. 
Hound was their pace at first, but slacken'd soon. 
Tennyson, Geraint. 
6. Well-filled; full; liberal or large in amount 
or volume: as, "good round sum," Shak., M. of 
V., i. 3. 104. 
I lay ye all 
By the heels and suddenly, and on your heads 
Clap round fines for neglect. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., v. 4. 84. 
7. Not descending to unworthy and vexatious 
stickling over small details. 
Clear and round dealing is the honour of man's nature. 
Bacon, Truth (ed. 1887). 
8. Not prevaricating; candid; open. 
I will a round unvarnlsh'd tale deliver. 
5Ao*., Othello, i. 3. 90. 
9. Without much delicacy or reserve; plain- 
spoken: as, a round oath. 
What shall be done? He will not hear, till feel : 
I must be round with him. Shak., T. of A., II. 2. 8. 
The kings interposed in & round and princely manner; 
not only by way of request and persuasion, but nlso by 
way of protestation and menace. Bacon. (Johnson.") 
10f. Severe; harsh. 
Your reproof is something too round. 
Shak., Hen. V., iv. 1. 
The deputy began to be in passion, and told the govern- 
our that, if he were so round, he would be round too. 
Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 99. 
1 1 . Periodic ; beginning and ending at the same 
position or state of things, and that without re- 
versal of the direction of advance: as, a round 
journey. 
The round year 
Will bring all fruits and virtues here. 
Emerson, Conduct of Life. 
12. Filled out roundly or symmetrically ; made 
complete in sense, symmetrical in form, and 
well-balanced in cadence ; well-turned : said of 
a sentence or of literary style. 
His style, though round and comprehensive, was in- 
cumbered sometimes by parentheses, and became difficult 
to vulgar understandings. Bp. Fell, Life of Hammond. 
If sentiment were sacrittc'd to sound, 
And truth cut short to make a period round, 
I Judged a man of sense could scarce do worse 
Than caper In the morris-dance of verse. 
Cowper, Table-Talk, 1. 617. 
13. Written, as a number, with one or more 
"round figures," or ciphers, at the end. See 
round number, below. 14. In atiat. and zool. : 
(a) Circular; annular, (b) Cylindric ; terete, 
(c) Rotund; globose or globular; spherical. 
15. In arch., round-arched or -vaulted; charac- 
terized by the presence of round arches or a 
barrel-vault. 
The distinctly Gothic type of capital, which finds one 
of its earliest Illustrations in the round portion of the 
choir of the Cathedral of Senlis. 
C. B. Moore, Gothic Architecture, p. 201. 
In round numbers, considered in the aggregate ; with 
disregard of the smaller elements of a number or num- 
bers, or of minute calculation : as, in round numbers a 
population of 90,000. 
She [the United States] has risen, during one simple 
century of freedom, in round numbers from two millions 
to forty-five. Gladstone, Might of Right, p. 175. 
The earth in its motion round the sun moves in round 
numbers 20 miles in a second. Stokes, Light, p. 228. 
Round arch, belting, cardamom. See the nouns. 
Round bodies, in germ., the sphere, right cone, and right 
cylinder. Round clam, one of many different edible 
clams of rounded or subcircular figure, as of the families 
Peneridee and Mactridse: distinguished from lonff clam, 
as Myidse. Solenidje, etc. ; especially, the qnahog, Fount 
mercenaria of the eastern United States, and dine ui sta- 
minea of the Pacific coast SeegvaAojr, little-neck. Round 
corn. See corni. Round dance, a dance in which the 
dancers are arranged in a circle or ring, or one in which 
they move in circular or revolving figures, as in a waltz, 
polka, etc.: opposed to square dance. Round dock. 
See dodti, 2. Round-edge file, round file, see file*. 
Round fish, game. See the nouns. Round herring, 
