round 
a clupeoid fish of the genus Etrumeus. The species so 
called in the United States is E. teres, of the Atlantic 
coast, of a terete or fusiform figure, olivaceous above 
and silvery on the sides and belly, with small mouth and 
flns and large eyes. Round Jack. See jacki. Round 
jacket. 8ame as roundabout, 5. 
When he wore a mund jacket, and showed a marvelous 
nicety of aim in playing at marbles. 
Georye Eliot, Middlemarch, Finale. 
Round-joint file. See^i. Round knife, ligament, 
mackerel, meal. See the nouns. Round number, 
a number evenly divisible by tens, hundreds, etc., or a 
number forming an aliquot part of one so divisible, as 10, 
25, 75, 100, 7i>0, 1,000, etc. : used especially with reference 
to approximate or indefinite statement. 
Nor is it unreasonable to make some doubt whether, in 
the first ages and long lives of our fathers, Moses doth 
not sometime account by full and round numbers ... as 
in the age ol Noah it is delivered to be just five hundred 
when he begat Sem ; whereas perhaps he might be some- 
what above or below that round and complete number. 
Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err., vi. 1. 
This, still pursuing the round-number system, would 
supply nearly five articles of refuse apparel to every man, 
woman, and child in this, the greatest metropolis of the 
world. 
itayhew, London Labour and London Poor, II. 526. 
Round O. (a) See OL (6) A corruption of the word 
rondo, common in English music-books of the early part 
of the eighteenth century. Round ore. Same us leap- 
ore. Round plane. Seaplane?. Round pound. See 
pounds. Round pronator, the pronator radii teres 
(which see, under pronator). Round robin. See round- 
robin, 5. Round shore-herring. See herring. Round 
shot, seam, steak, table, tower, etc. See the nouns. 
Round tool (o) In wood-working, a chisel with a round 
nose, used for making concave moldings. (6) In seal-en- 
graoing, a ttfol with a round bead-like end, used for pur- 
poses very similar to those of the bead-tool. Round 
turn, the passing of one end of a rope, attached by the 
other end to some moving object, completely around a post 
or timber-head, so as to give a strong hold. This is com- 
monly done to check the movement of a vessel coming into 
her berth, or the like : hence the saying to bring a person 
up icith a round turn, to stop him suddenly in doing or 
saying something : administer an effectual check to him. 
Round zedoary. See zedoary. =Syn. See roundness. 
II. n. 1. That which has roundness; around 
(spherical, circular, cylindrical, or. conical) ob- 
ject or group of objects ; a round part or piece 
of something: as, a round of beef. 
Well dress [some children] 
Like urchins, ouphes, and fairies, green and white, 
With rounds of waxen tapers on their heads. 
Shak., M. W. of W., iv.4. 50. 
Over their sashes the men wear rounds of stiffened rus- 
set, to defend their brains from the piercing fervor. 
Sandys, Travailes, p. 85. 
As this pale taper's earthly spark, 
To yonder argent round [the moon]. 
Tennyson, St. Agnes' Eve. 
The arches of the round [circular stage] rest on heavy 
rectangular piers of truly Roman strength. 
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 133. 
Specifically (a) A rung of a ladder or a chair, or any sim- 
ilar round or spindle-shaped piece joining side- or corner- 
pieces by its ends. 
That lowliness is young ambition's ladder ; . . . 
But, when he once attains the utmost round, 
He then unto the ladder turns his back. 
Shak., J. C., ii. 1. 24. 
Where all the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise. 
Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 220. 
(6) In arch., a molding the section of which is a segment 
of a circle or of a curved figure differing but little from a 
circle. 
2. In art, form rounded or curved and stand- 
ing free in nature or representation; specifi- 
cally, the presentation in sculpture of complete 
Figure in the Round. 
The Sleeping Ariadne, in the Vatican Museum. 
roundness, represented with its projection on 
all sides, as in nature, free from any ground, 
as distinguished from relief: used with the 
definite article, especially With reference to 
sculptures of human and animal figures. 
The progress of sculpture in the rmind from the Bran- 
chidx statues to the perfect art of Pheidias may be traced 
through a series of transition specimens. 
C. T. Neieton, Art and Archaxil., p. 81. 
To the training in this school, anil the habit of drawing 
from tftf round. . . . we may be indebted for the careful 
6243 
drawing and modeling of the details of his pictures which 
distinguish Mantegna from all his contemporaries. 
The Century, XXXIX. 390. 
3. A circle; a ring or coil; a gathering in a 
circle or company, as of persons. [Bare.] 
Him [the serpent] fast sleeping soon he found 
In labyrinth of many a round self-roll'd. 
Milton, P. L., ix. 183. 
Sometimes I am seen thrusting my head into a round of 
politicians at Will's. Addison, Spectator, No. 1. 
4. A circuit of action or progression ; a going 
about from point to point or from one to an- 
other in a more or less definite series; a range 
or course through a circle of places, persons, 
things, or doings: as, a round of travel or of 
visits ; a round of duties or pleasures ; the story 
went the rounds of the papers. 
Come, ladies, shall we take a round' as men 
Do walk a mile, women should talk an hour 
After supper ; 'tis their exercise. 
Beau, and PL, Philaster, ii. 4. 
He walks the round up and down, through every room 
o' the house. B. Jonson, Epicoene, iv. 2. 
Thro' each returning Year, may that Hour be 
Distinguish'd in the Rounds of all Eternity. 
Congreve, To Cynthia. 
The trivial round, the common task, 
Would furnish all we ought to ask ; 
Room to deny ourselves ; a road 
To bring us daily nearer God. 
Keble, Christian Year, Morning. 
5. A fixed or prescribed circuit of going or 
doing, supposed to be repeated at regular inter- 
vals ; a course or tour of duty : as, a policeman's 
or a sentinel's round; the rounds of postmen, 
milkmen, newsmen, etc. ; a round of inspection 
by a military officer or guard. 
We must keep a round, and a strong watch to-night. 
Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, Hi. 5. 
They accompany the military guards in their nightly 
rounds through the streets of the metropolis. 
E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, I. 143. 
The wise old Doctor went his round. 
Whittier, Snow-Bound. 
6. A complete or continuous circuit or course ; 
revolution or range from beginning to end, or 
without limit; sweep; scope; sphere: as, the 
rounds of the planets ; the whole round of sci- 
ence. 
They hold that the Blood, which hath a Circulation, 
and fetcheth a Round every 24 Hours about the Body, is 
quickly repaired again. Howell, Letters, I. ii. 21. 
In the Glorious Sound of Fame, 
Great Marlbro, still the same, 
Incessant runs his Course. 
Congreve, Pindaric Odes, i. 
Thy pinions, universal Air, . . . 
Are delegates of harmony, and bear 
Strains that support the Seasons in their round. 
Wordsworth, Power of Sound, xii. 
He seems, indeed, to have run the whole round of know- 
ledge. Sumner, Hon. John Pickering. 
So runs the round of life from hour to hour. 
Tennyson, Circumstance. 
7. A bout or turn of joint or reciprocal action ; 
a course of procedure by two or more, either 
complete in itself, or one of a series with inter- 
missions or renewals: as, rounds of applause; 
a round at cards ; a round of golf (a course of 
play round the whole extent of the golfing- 
ground). 
Women to cards may be compar'd ; we play 
A round or two, when us'd, we throw away. 
GranvUle, Epigrams and Characters. 
The simultaneous start with which they increased their 
distance by at least a fathom, on hearing the door-bell 
jingling all over the house, would have ensured a round 
of applause from any audience in Europe. 
Whyte Melville, White Rose, I. iii. 
Specifically (a) In pugilism, one of the series of bouts 
constituting a prize-fight or a sparring-match. A round 
may last for a certain specified length of time, as three 
minutes, or until one of the combatants is down. 
He stood up to the Banbury man for three minutes, and 
polished him off in four rotmds. 
Thackeray, Vanity Fair, xxxiv. 
The second round in this diplomatic encounter closed 
with the British government fairly discomfited. 
//. Adams, Albert Gallatin, p. 540. 
,6) A bout of shooting, as at a target, in saluting, or in 
battle, either with firearms or with bows, in which a 
certain number of shots are delivered, or in which the 
participants shoot or tire by turns. 
The first time I reviewed my regiment they . . . would 
salute with some rounds flred before my door. 
B. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 239. 
The "National Round," shot by the ladies of Great 
Britain at all public meetings, consists of 48 arrows at 60 
yards, and 24 arrows at 50 yards. 
M. and W. Thompson, Archery, p. 12. 
(e) A bout of toast-drinking ; the drinking of a toast or of 
a set of toasts by the persons round a table ; also, a toast 
to be drunk by the company. 
Them that drank the round, when they crowned their 
heads with folly and forpetfulness, and their cups with 
wine and noises. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 615. 
round 
The Tories are forced to borrow their toasts from their 
antagonists, and can scarce find beauties enough of their 
own side to supply a single round of October. 
Addison, Freeholder, No. 8. 
(d) A bout of drinking participated in by a number of per- 
sons ; a treat all round : as, to pay for the round, (e) In 
weal music, a short rhythmical canon at the unison, in 
which the several voices enter at equal intervals of time: 
distinguished from a catch simply in not being necessarily 
humorous. Rounds have always been very popular in Eng- 
land. The earliest specimen is the famous "Sunier is 
i-cumen in," which dates from the early part of the thir- 
teenth century, and is the oldest example of counterpoint 
extant. Also called rondo, rota, 
Some jolly shepherd sung a lusty round. 
Fairfax, tr. of Tasso's Godfrey of Boulogne, vii. B. 
A Round, a Round, a Round, Boyes, a Round, 
Let Mirth fly aloft, and Sorrow be drown'd. 
Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1. 
In the convivial Round, in which each voice chases, so 
to speak, the different movements in the same order. 
J. Sully, Sensation and Intuition, p. 213. 
(/) Same as round dance (which see, under I.). 
A troupe of Faunes and Satyres far away 
Within the wood were dauncing in a rownd. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. vi. 7. 
Tread we softly in a round, 
Whilst the hollow murmuring ground 
Fills the music with her sound. 
Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, L 2. 
8. Same as roundel. 9. Ammunition for a sin- 
gle shot or volley: as, to supply a marksman 
or a company with forty rounds. 10. In the 
manege, a volt, or circular tread. 11. A brew- 
ers' vessel for holding beer while undergoing 
the final fermentation. 
It was at one time the practice amongst the Scotch 
brewers to employ the fermenting rounds only, and to 
cleanse from these directly into the casks. 
Spans' Encyc. Manuf., I. 406. 
Cog and round. See cog?. Gentleman of the round. 
See gentleman. Hollows and rounds. See hollow*. 
In the round, in art. See def. 2, above. Round of 
beef, a cut of the thigh through and across the bone. 
Instead of boiling or stewing a piece of the round of beef, 
for example, the Mount Desert cooks broil or fry it. 
The Century, XL. 562. 
To cut the round. See wit. 
round 1 (round), adv. 1 [< ME. round; < round 1 , 
a.] Eoundly; vigorously; loudly. 
I peyne me to han an hauteyn speche, 
And ringe it oute as round as goth a belle. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Pardoner's Tale, 1. 45. 
round 1 (round), adv. 2 and prep. [Prop, an aphetic 
form of around : seearownr?.] I. adv. 1. Quail 
sides; so as to surround or make the circuit of. 
See round about, below. 
Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and com- 
pass thee round, and keep thee in on every side. 
Luke xix. 43. 
When he alighted, he surveyed me round with great ad- 
miration. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, i. 2. 
2. With a revolving or rotating movement or 
course ; in a circular or curvilinear direction ; 
around: as, to go round in a circle; to turn 
round and go the other way. 
He that is giddy thinks the world turns round. 
Shak., T. of the S., v. 2. 20. 
3. In or within a circuit; round about. 
The longest way round is the shortest way home. 
Popular saying. 
Round and around the sounds were cast, 
Till echo seemed an answering blast. 
Scott, L. of the L., i. 10. 
A brutal cold country this. . . . Never ... a stick 
thicker than your finger lor seven mile round. 
B. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, v. 
4. To or at this place or time through a circuit 
or circuitous course. 
Time is come round, 
And where I did begin, there shall I end. 
Shak., J. C., v. 3. 23. 
Tally-ho coach for Leicester 11 be round in half -an-hour, 
and don't wait for nobody. 
T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, i. 4. 
Once more the slow, dumb years 
Bring their avenging cycle round. 
Whittier, Mithridates at Chios. 
5. In circumference: as, a tree or a pillar 40 
inches round. 6. In a circling or circulating 
course; through a circle, as of persons orthings: 
as, there was not food enough to go round; to 
pass round among the company. 
The invitations were sent round. Scott. 
1. In a complete round or series ; from begin- 
ning to end. 
She named the ancient heroes round. Swift. 
The San Franciscans now eat the best of grapes, cher- 
ries, and pears almost the year round. 
Dublin Unic. Mag., Feb., 18V2, p. 224. 
All round, (a) Over the whole place ; in every direction. 
(6) In all respects ; for all purposes : also used adjectively: 
as, a clever all-round writer or actor ; a good horse for all- 
round work. 
