roundly 
earnestly, energetically, or the like. See 
round 1 , a., 9. 
What a bold man of war ! he invites me roundly. 
Beam, and Fl. , Little French Lawyer, ill. 2. 
He roundly and openly avows what most others studi- 
ously conceal. Bacon, Political Fables, ii., Expl. 
Not to weary you with long preambles, ... I will 
come roundly to the matter. 
R. Peeke (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 625). 
Let me beg you, Mrs. Malaprop, to enforce this matter 
roundly to the girl. Sheridan, The Rivals, i. 2. 
3. In round numbers; without formal exact- 
ness; approximately. 
The destructors now consumed, roundly, about 500 loads 
of refuse a week. Lancet, No. 3454, p. 984. 
4. Briskly; hastily; quickly. 
She has mounted on her true love's steed, . . . 
And roundly she rade frae the toun. 
Sir Roland (Child's Ballads, I. 224). 
Two of the outlaws . . . walked roundly forward. 
Scott, Ivanhoe, xi. 
To come off roundlyt. See come. 
roundmouth (round'mouth), n. In zool., a 
lamprey or a hag: a book-name translating the 
technical name of the order, Cyclostomi. 
round-mouthed (round'moutht), a. In zool., 
having a mouth without any lower jaw ; cyclos- 
tomous: specifically noting the Cyclostomi, or 
lampreys and hags. 
roundness (round'nes), n. [< ME. rowndnes, 
rowndenesse ; < round 1 + -ness.] 1. The state 
of being round, or circular, spherical, globu- 
lar, cylindrical, curved, or convex; circularity; 
sphericity; cylindrical form; rotundity; con- 
vexity: as, the roundness of the globe, of the 
orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, of a bill, 
etc. 
Egges they may eate in the night for their roundnesse. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 211. 
2. The quality of being well filled or rounded 
out metaphorically; fullness, completeness, 
openness, positiveness, boldness, or the like. 
The whole periode and compasse of this speache so 
delightsome for the roundnesse, and so grave for the 
straungenesse. Spenser, To Gabriell Harvey. 
Albeit roundness and plain dealing be most worthy 
praise. Raleigh, Arts of Empire, xx. (Latham.) 
=Syn. 1. Roundness, Rotundity, plumpness, globularity. 
Roundness applies with equal freedom to a circle, a sphere, 
a cylinder, or a cone, and, by extension, to forms that by 
approach suggest any one of these : as, roundness of limb 
or cheek. Rotundity now applies usually to spheres and 
to forms suggesting a sphere or a hemisphere : as, the ro- 
tundity of the earth or of a barrel ; rotundity of abdomen. 
round-nosed (round'nozd), a. Having a full 
blunt snout, as a female salmon before spawn- 
ing; not hook-billed.- Round-nosed chisel, plane, 
etc. See the nouns. 
round-ridge (round'rij), t\ t. [< round 1 + ridge.'] 
In agri., to form into round ridges by plowing. 
round-robin (round'rob'in), n. 1. A pancake. 
Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A kind of ruff, 
apparently the smaller ruff of the latter part of 
the sixteenth century. 3. Same as cigar-fish. 
4. The angler, Lophius piscatorius. 5. A 
written paper, as a petition, memorial, or re- 
monstrance, bearing a number of signatures ar- 
ranged in a circular or concentric form. This 
device, whereby the order of signing is concealed, is used 
for the purpose of making all the signers equally responsi- 
ble for it. Also written as two words, round robin. 
I enclose the Round Robin. This jeu d'esprlt took its 
rise one day [in 1778] at dinner at our friend Sir Joshua 
Reynolds's. All the company present, except myself, were 
friends and acquaintance of Dr. Goldsmith. The Epi- 
taph written for him by Dr. Johnson became the subject 
of conversation, and various emendations were suggested, 
which it was agreed should be submitted to the Doctor's 
consideration. But the question was, who should have 
the courage to propose them to him? At last it was hinted 
that there could be no way so good as that of a Round 
Robin, as the sailors call it, which they make use of when 
they enter into a conspiracy, so as not to let it be known 
who puts his name first or last to the paper. 
Sir W. Forbes, in Boswell's Life of Johnson (ed. Hill), 
[III. 83. 
round-shouldered (round'shol"derd), a. Hav- 
ing the shoulders carried forward, giving the 
upper part of the back a rounded configura- 
tion. 
roundsman (roundz'man), n. ; pi. roundsmen 
(-men). A police officer, of a rank above pa- 
trolmen and below sergeants, who goes the 
rounds within a prescribed district to see that 
the patrolmen or ordinary policemen attend to 
their duties properly, and to aid them in case 
of necessity. [U. S.] 
roundstone (round'ston), . Small round or 
roundish stones collectively, used for paving; 
cobblestone. [Local, U. S.] 
Gangs of street paviors were seen and heard here, there, 
and yonder, swinging the pick and ramming the round- 
"tone. G. W. Cable, Creoles of Louisiana, xxix. 
5246 
round-tailed (round'tald), a. 1. Having acy- 
lindric or terete tail: as, the round-tailed sper- 
mophile, Spermophilus tereticauda. 2. Having 
the end of the tail rounded by gradual short- 
ening of the lateral feathers in succession, as 
a bird. 
roundtopt (round'top), n. 1. Naut., a platform 
at the masthead; atop. 2. In her., an inclosed 
circular platform, like a large flat tub, set upon 
the top of a pole, which pole is shown to be a 
mast by having a small yard with furled sail 
attached put across it, usually at an angle 
the whole being a conventional representation 
of an ancient round top of a ship. 
round-up (round' up), n. [< round up: see 
round 1 , .] 1. A rounding up; the forming of 
upward curves ; curvature upward. 
These curves are used in drawing the frames, the round- 
up of the forefoot, the rudder, and the other quick curves 
in the boat. Tribune Book of Sports, p. 204. 
2. In grazing regions, the herding or driving 
together of all the cattle on a range or ranch, 
for inspection, branding, sorting, etc. ; also, 
the beating up or gathering of any animals, as 
those of the chase. 
His [a ranchman's] hardest work comes during the spring 
and fall round-ups, when the calves are branded or the 
beeves gathered for market. 
T. Roosevelt, Hunting Trips, p. 11. 
3. A rounding off or finishing, as of an ar- 
rangement or undertaking; a bringing round 
to settlement or completion. [Colloq.] 
That exception . . . will probably be Included in the 
general round-up [of an agreement among railroads] to- 
morrow. Philadelphia Times, May 3, 1886. 
4. In ship-building, the convexity of a deck; 
crown; camber. [Eng.] 
roundure (roun'dur), n. Same as rondure. 
Tis not the roundure of your old-faced walls 
Can hide you from our messengers of war. 
Shall., K. John, ii. 1. 259. 
round-winded (round .' wingd), a. Having 
rounded wmgs, as an insect or a bird : as, the 
round-winged muslin, a British moth, Nudaria 
senex; the round-winged white- wave, another 
moth, Cabera exanthemaria ; the round-winged 
hawks, as of the genera Astur and Acdpiter. 
roundwprm (round' werm), . 1. An intestinal 
parasitic worm, Ascaris lumbritoides, several 
inches long, infesting the human intestine : dis- 
tinguished from the similar but much smaller 
pinworms or threadworms, and from the larger 
and more formidable flatworms, jointworms, or 
tapes. Hence 2. Any member of the class 
Nematelminiha ; a nematoid worm : distinguish- 
ed from cestoid and trematoid worms, or tape- 
worms and flukes. 
roundy (roun'di), a. [< round 1 + -y 1 .] Bound- 
ing; curving; rounded out. [Rare.] 
Her roundy, sweetly-swelling lips a little trembling, as 
though they kissed their neighbour Death. 
Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, ill. 
rounet, . See romuft. 
roun-tree (roun'tre), . Same as rowan-tree or 
roan-tree. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
roup 1 (rop), v. and . Same as roop. 
roup 2 (roup), v. t. [A particular use, in another 
pronunciation, of roup 1 , roop: see roop."] To 
sell by outcry for bids ; sell at public auction ; 
auction. [Scotch.] 
They had rouped me out of house and hold. 
Carlyle, in Froude, Life in London, ii. 
roup 2 (roup), n. [< roup 2 , .] A sale of goods 
by outcry ; a public auction. [Scotch.] 
The tenements are set by Roup, or auction. 
Pennant, Tour in Scotland (1772), p. 201. (Jamieton.) 
roup 3 (rop), n. [Also roop; < roup 1 , roop, v.] 
An infectious disease of the respiratory pas- 
sages of poultry, closely similar in character 
and origin to catarrh in man, but more virulent 
and rapid in its progress, and very commonly 
fatal. It begins with a slight cough or a discharge from 
the nostrils ; the discharge quickly becomes fetid, and 
frequently nils the eyes. The head swells, the eyes are 
closed, and sight is often destroyed. Cheesy cankers of 
diphtheritic character often form in the throat and mouth, 
frequently causing death by choking. As a remedy, in- 
jection of a weak solution of copper sulphate (J ounce to 
1 quart water) gives good results. 
roupit, roupet (ro'pit, -pet), . 
See roopit. 
roupy, a. See roopy. 
rousant (rou'zant), a. [< roune 1 
+ -ant.] In 'her., starting up, 
as from being roused or alarmed : 
notingabirdintheattitudeof ris- Swan RousanL 
ing, as if preparing to take flight . 
When applied to a swan it is understood that 
the wings are indorsed. Also spelled roussant. 
rouse 
rouse 1 (rouz), r. ; pret. and pp. roused, ppr. rous- 
ing. [Early mod. E. also rowse,rouze,roicze; < 
ME. rowscn, rouzen, < Sw. rnsa = Dan. ruse, 
rush; cf. AS. hrcdsan, fall, rush down or for- 
ward, come down with a rush : see ruse 1 . Cf. 
rush'*, v., and arouse.] I. trans. 1. To cause 
to start up by noise or clamor, especially from 
sleep; startle into movement or activity; in 
hunting, to drive or frighten from a lurking- 
place or covert. 
The night outwatched made us make a night of the 
morning, untill rourz'd from our groundbeds by the report 
of the Canon. Sandys, Travailes, p. 69. 
We find them [the ladies] ... in the open fields wind- 
ing the horn, rousing the game, and pursuing it. 
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 70. 
Your rough voice 
(You spoke so loud) has roused the child again. 
Tennyson, Sea Dreams. 
2. To raise or waken from torpor or inaction 
by any means; provoke to activity; wake or 
stir up: said of animate beings. 
This rebalde he rowses hym it rathely to rayse. 
York Plays, p. 264. 
He stooped down, he couched as a lion ; . . . who shall 
rouse him up? Gen. xlix. 9. 
"For the heavens, rouse up a brave mind," says the 
fiend, "and run." Shale., M. of V., ii. 2. 12. 
3. To evoke a commotion in or about : said of 
inanimate things. 
He should have found his uncle Gaunt a father, 
To route his wrongs and chase them to the bay. 
Skak., Rich. II., ii. 3. 128. 
Blustering winds, which all night long 
Had roused the sea. Milton, P. L., ii. 287. 
Hence 4. To move or stir up vigorously by 
direct force; use energetic means for raising, 
stirring, or moving along. In this sense still 
sometimes written rotcse. 
We were obliged to sit down and slide about in the close 
hold, passing hides, and roivsing about the great sleeves, 
tackles, and dogs. 
R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 808. 
5f. To raise up; erect; rear; fix in an elevated 
position. 
Being mounted and both roused in their seats, 
Their neighing coursers daring of the spur. 
Shale., 2 Hen. IV., iv. 1. 118. 
6. To put and turn over or work about in salt, 
as fish in the operation of rousing ; roil. 
Another carries them [fish] off to be roused, as it is called : 
that is, cast into vats or barrels, then sprinkled with salt, 
then more herrings and more salt, and next a brawny arm 
plunged among them far above the elbow, thus mingling 
them together. Encyc. Brit., IX. 259. 
7. Naut., to haul heavily. 
The object Is that the hawser mayn't slip as we rouse it 
taut W. C. Russett, A Strange Voyage, xlvii. 
To rouse OUt, to turn out or call up (hands or the crew) 
from their berths to the deck. = Syn, 1 and 2. To animate, 
kindle, stimulate, provoke, stir up. 
II. in trans. 1. To start or rise up, as from 
sleep, repose, or inaction; throw off torpor or 
quietude ; make a stir or movement. 
Night's black agents to their preys do rouse. 
Shak., Macbeth, Hi. 2. 53. 
Melancholy lifts her head ; 
Morpheus rouses from his bed. 
Pope, Ode on St. Cecilia's Day, 1. 31. 
2f. To rise; become erect; stand up. 
My fell of hair 
Would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir 
As life were in 't. Shak., Macbeth, v. . 12. 
3. Naut., to haul with great force, as upon a 
cable or the like Rouse-about block. See blocki. 
rouse 1 (rouz), w. [< rouse 1 , v.] An arousing; a 
sudden start or movement, as from torpor or 
inaction ; also, a signal for arousing or starting 
up; the reveille. [Rare.] 
These fowles in their moulting time, . . . their feathers 
be sick, and ... so loose in the flesh that at any little 
rou-ge they can easilie shake them off. 
Putlenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 222. 
At five on Sunday morning the rouse was sounded, 
breakfast at seven, and church parade at eight. 
City Press, Sept. 30, 1885. (Encyc. Diet.) 
rouse 1 ! (rouz), adc. [An exclamatory use of 
rouse 1 , .] As if suddenly aroused ; rousingly ; 
vehemently. 
What, Sir 1 'Slife, sir ! you should have come out in 
choler, rous upon the Stage, just as the other went off. 
Buckingham, Kehearsal (ed. Arber), iii. 2. 
rouse 2 t (rouz), 11. [Early mod. E. rowze, also 
rowza; < Sw. rus = Dan. rus, drunkenness, a 
drunken fit, = Icel. riiss, drunkenness (Haldor- 
sen), = D. roes, drunkenness (eenen roes drinkcn, 
drink a rouse, drink till one is fuddled; cf. G. 
rauscli, intoxication, adapted from D. roes); 
connections uncertain.] 1. Wine or other li- 
quor considered as an inducement to mirth or 
drunkenness ; a full glass ; a bumper. 
