Roxburghiaceae 
Roxburghiaceae (roks-ber-gi-a'se-e), . pi. 
[NJj. (Wallieh, 1832), < RoxburgMa + -arete.] 
An order of monocotyledonons plants, now 
known as Stenniac,e. 
Roxbury waxwork. See waxwork. 
royt, M. [< ME. roy, also ray, < OF. roy, rri, F. 
rot = Pr. rot, rry, re = Sp. rey = Pg. rey, ret = 
It. re, < L. rex (reg-), a king, = Olr.'rig, Ir. Gael. 
rigli, a king, = Skt. rajan, a king : see cc.r, ;' ] . 
regent, and n'o/Vi, riclie 1 , .] A king. 
This roy with his ryalle mene of the rowndc tahle. 
Jforte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3174. 
royal (roi'al), n. and 11. [Early mod. E. also 
roial (also dial, or technically rial, ryal) ; < ME. 
roial, roiall, reyal, real, rial, ryal, ryall. rioll, < 
OF. iw'a/, royal, real, F. royal = Pr. ra<i/, nn? = 
Sp. Pg. real 1 = It. ret/ale, reale, < L. regalis, re- 
gal, royal, kingly, < rex (reg-), a king: see row, 
and ef. regal 1 and reaft, doublets of rowa/.] I. 
a. 1. Of or pertaining to a king; derived from 
or cognate to a king ; belonging to or connected 
with the crown of a kingdom; regal: as, the 
royal family ; a royal prince; royal domains; a 
royal palace. 
And seide that he wolde holde court open and enforced, 
and sente by his messangers that alle sholde come to his 
court roiall. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), iii. 479. 
Why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with 
thee? 1 Sam. ixvii. 5. 
Thou earnest not of the blood royal, if thou darest not 
stand for ten shillings. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., i. 2. 167. 
2. Pertaining or relating to the sovereign power 
of a king; acting under, derived from, or de- 
pendent upon regal authority, aid, or patron- 
age: as, a royal parliament or government; 
the royal army or navy; royal purveyors. Roy- 
al enters into the names of many literary, scientific, artis- 
tic, and other associations in monarchical countries, im- 
plying their existence under royal charter or patronage : 
e. a., the Royal Academy of Arts in London, whose mem- 
bers are distinguished by the title R. A. (Royal Academi- 
cian), and the associate members by the title A. R. A. ; 
the Royal Institution of London, for the promotion of and 
instruction in scientific and technical knowledge ; the 
Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Know- 
ledge (usually designated specifically the Royal Society), 
which takes charge of many scientific matters with which 
the government is concerned, and whose members or fel- 
lows are styled F. R. S. ; the Royal Societies of Edinburgh 
and of Dublin, the Royal Antiquarian, Asiatic, Astronomi- 
cal, and Geographical Societies, etc. 
3. Of kingly character or quality ; proper for 
or suitable to kingship; ideally like or charac- 
teristic of a king or royalty; royally eminent, 
excellent, or the like : used either literally or 
figuratively: as, royal state or magnificence: 
he proved a royal friend; a right ro//a/ welcome. 
And the! made the feste of the mariage so riall that 
neuer in that londe was seyn aoche. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 32l>. 
A kyng shold roiall obseque haue. 
Kmn. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1538. 
Hath she forgot already that brave prince, . . . 
Young, valiant, wise, and, no doubt, right royal' 
Shak., Rich. III., i. 2. 245. 
Aa at this day, to the Tartars, Horseflesh is royaU fare ; 
to the Arabians, Camels ; to some Americans, Serpents. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 39. 
Her step was royal, queen-like, and her face 
As beautiful as a saint's in Paradise. 
Longfellmo, Spanish Student, i. 1. 
4. Large or superior of its kind ; of more than 
ordinary size, excellence, or the like : used as 
a specific qualification, as in royal quarto or 
royal octavo in printing, a royal antler or stag, 
etc.. or as an assertion of superiority for that 
to which it is applied, as in the names of some 
articles of trade. -Amercement, antler, astrono- 
mer, ballade, battle, beast, chapel, cygnet royaL See 
the nouns. Convention of royal burghs. Seeconcra- 
fion. Coronerofthe royal household. Sec coroner. 
Dean of the chapel royal, gentleman of the chapel 
royal. Sue itmf, gentleman.- Hart royal. See Aartl 
and hartrniial. Pair royaL See pairi. Peer of the 
blood royal. See peers. Prince royal, princess roy- 
al. See prince, princess. Royal abbey. See abbey*, 1. 
Royal agate, a mottled variety of obsidian. Royal 
American Order. Same as Order of Isabella the Catholic 
(which set-, under order). Royal assent, bark. See the 
nouns. Royal bay. (a) An East Indian bay-tree, Ma- 
chilux odoratisximfi (Lttiifnx /m/VmX (b) The bay-laurel. 
Laitnwnobilix. Royal Bengal tiger. See tiger. Roy- 
al bistoury, a narrow, curved, probe- pointed bistoury : so 
called because used in an operation on Louis XIV. Roy- 
al blue. See blue and smalt. Royal bounty, in Eng 
land, a fund from which the sovereign grants money to the 
female relatives of officers who die of wounds received 
when on duty. Royal burgh, cementt, clove. *<' 
the nouns. Royal cashmere, a thin material, generally 
ni;uU: of pure wool, usril for j;:innent8 for women and sum- 
mer garments for men. - Royal charter. See charter, 1. 
-Royal domains. Same ascrwn laiulx (wliii-h see, un- 
der crown). Royal fern. See Onnuuda. Royalflshes. 
See rajal /(,*/Vx. nndflpraoofV Royal flush, src/h/Wi'-'. 
Royal folio. Bee Alto, . Royal grant, arrant bj 
letters patent from the crown. Royal horned cater- 
pillar, tin- larva of Cittii-rtniid ?v;/"frX a laryr liombychl 
moth of beautiful olive and crimson colors, uhirh Innab 
5251 
its the United States. The larva feeds on the foliage of the 
black walnut, persimmon, butternut, hickory, awl snmai-, 
4 IV 
- ><*'/ 
-i-iVs 
Royal Horned Caterpillar [ larva of Ct:heretu'tt rffatj's). 
( Alxjut half natural size.) 
and is the largest of all North American lepidopterous 
larva. The moth is popularly known as the regal walnut- 
moth. Royal household, the body of persons employed 
about the court or in the personal service of a reigning 
king or queen. In former times the royal household in- 
cluded all the chief officers of state, who were regarded 
as merely the king's servants, and often performed me- 
nial duties toward him ; afterward, only persons who had 
special functions relating to the royal needs, dignity, or 
prerogatives. In the British royal household, as it has ex- 
isted for several centuries, the chief officers are the lord 
steward, lord chamberlain, and master of the horse, who 
are always peers and members of the government of the 
time. Under each of them are many subordinate officers, 
among whom the different branches of their duty are dis- 
tributed. Independent of them are the private secretary 
and the keeper of the privy puree to the sovereign, modern 
additions to the household. with their subordinates. When 
there is a queen consort, the queen's household is a sepa- 
rate establishment, similarly though less elaborately or- 
ganized. On the accession of Queen Victoria the expenses 
of the royal household were permanently fixed at 303,700 
per annum. Royal letter. See tetters. Royal ma- 
rines. Seenwm'ne. Royal merchant, (a) One of those 
merchants of the middle ages who combined mercantile 
pursuits with princely power, as those of Venice who 
founded principalities in the Archipelago, the Grimaldi 
of Genoa, or the Medici of Florence. (b) A merchant who 
managed the mercantile affairs of or purveyed for a sov- 
ereign or state. Royal mine, in monarchical countries, 
a mine of gold or silver all such mines being by prescrip- 
tion the property of the crown. Royal oak. (a) See oak. 
(6) [cap*.] Another name for the constellation Robur t'a- 
roli. Royal palm, palmetto, see the nouns. Royal 
peacock-flower. See Poituiana. Royal peculiar, 
prerogative, purple. See the nouns. Coyal regiment 
of artillery. Sec artillery. Royal road to knowledge. 
a direct and easy method of attaining knowledge : so called 
because the royal roads were straighter and better than or- 
dinary roads. Royal Society. See def. 2. Royal stan- 
dard. See standard. Royal stitch, an old operation for 
the cure of inguinal hernia. Royal tern, touch, water- 
lily, etc. See the nouns. Royal Vienna, a name fre- 
quently given to Vienna porcelain. Royal Worcester 
porcelain. See jwrcefaini. The royal doors or gates. 
See door. = Syn. Royal, Regal, Kingly. Reyal is appli- 
cable primarily to what pertains to a king in virtue of 
his office, and hence to what is proper to or suggestive 
of a king, and as now frequently used is nearly synony- 
mous with princely, magnificent : as, regal state or pomp ; 
regal power. Royal notes what pertains to the king as 
an individual, or is associated with his person : as, his 
royal highness (applied to a prince of the blood) ; the royal 
family ; the royal presence ; the royal robes ; a royal salute. 
It does not, like regal, necessarily imply magnificence. 
Thus, a royal residence may not be reyal in its character, 
while on the other hand any magnificent mansion belong- 
ing to a subject may be described as regal, though it is 
not royal. The sway of a great Highland chief of old was 
regal, but not royal. Hence, in figurative use, royal is ap- 
plied to qualities, actions, or things which are conceived 
of as superlatively great, noble, or admirable in them- 
selves, or as worthy of a king : as, a royal disposition, royal 
virtues, a royal entertainment, etc. ; regal, to those which 
make an impression of the highest grandeur, stateliness, 
ascendancy, or the like : as, a regal bearing, regal munitl- 
eence, regal commands, etc. Kingly seems to be inter- 
mediate. It signifies literally like a king, hence proper 
to or befitting a king, and in its more general use resem- 
bling or suggestive of a king. Like royal, it has reference 
to personal qualities : as. a kingly bearing, presence, dispo- 
sition, and the like ; while, like regal, it is not restricted to 
the monarch or members of his house. 3. Imperial, au- 
gust, majestic, superb, splendid, magnificent, illustrious. 
II. w. If. A royal person ; a member of a 
royal family; a king or prince. 
And also wythout the forsayde cyte metyng vs our mo- 
der oure wyff our chyldren or oure eyrs or other reyalst to 
the same cyte comyng, etc. 
Charter of London, in Arnold's Chronicle, p. 36. 
He araiet for that llioll, all of ttiche stones. 
A faire toumbe it a fresshe, all of fre marbill. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 7159. 
2f. A gold coin formerly current in England: 
same as ryal. 
The prieste, purposyng to gratifle the dead, and with 
dewe praise to commende his liberalitie, saieth : surely he 
was a goode manne, a verteous man. yea, he was a noble 
gentleman. I thinke if it hadde been his happe to have 
liaci a rm'all, he had called him a roiall gentleman to. 
Wilson, Rule of Reason. 
Rtrialx of Spaine are currant mony there. 
Hakluyt's Voyage*, II. 177. 
They are incompetent witnesses, his own creatures, 
And will swear any thing for half a roi/al. 
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, iii. 8. 
3. .\anl.. a sni:illsi|ii:iro sail, usually the high- 
est on a ship, carried on the rovalniast only in 
a light breeze. 4. One of the tines of stub's 
antlers: an miller royal, or royal antler. See 
initli'i; 3. 5. A stag which has the antler royal. 
royalty 
A royal differs only in having an extra point on each 
horn. H'. W. tlrceiirr, The (inn, p. MO. 
6. In artillery, a small mortar. 7. That purl 
of the beard which grows below the under lip 
and above the point of the chi7i, especially 
when the board around it is shaved. This with 
the mustache has long formed the trim of the beard most 
in favor for military men, etc., on the continent of Europe. 
The term royal prevailed until the second French empire, 
when the name imperial was given to it, as it was worn by 
Napoleon III. 
8. A writing-paper of the size 19 X 24 inches; 
also, a printing-paper of the size 20 X 25 inches. 
A royal folio has a leaf about 12 X 20 inches; a royal quarto 
is about 10 X 12J inches ; a royal octavo, about 6J y 10 
inches. Double royal See double. Quadruple roy- 
al. See quadruple. The Royals, (a) A name formerly 
given to the first regiment of foot in the British army, now 
called the Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment). (b) A name 
sometimes given to other regiments in whose title the 
word royal occurs : as. the King's Royal Rifle Corps ; the 
Royal Scots Fusiliers, etc. 
royalet (roi'al-et), H. [< royal + -el. Cf. roitc- 
let.] A petty king or prince. [Bare.] 
There were, indeed, at this time two other royaleti, as 
onely kings by his leave. Fuller, Ch. Hist., II. iv. 10. 
Pallas and Jove ! defend me from being carried down 
the stream of time among a shoal of royaletg, and the 
rootless weeds they are hatched on ! 
Landor, Epicurus, Leontion, and Ternissa. 
royalise, r. See royalize. 
royalism (roi'al-izm), H. [= F. royalixiuc = Sp. 
Pg. realismo ; as royal + -ixm. Cf. rraalisni.'} 
The principles or cause of royalty ; attachment 
to a royal government or cause. 
royalist (roi'al-ist), w. and a. [= F. royalixte 
= Sp. Pg. realista = It. realista, regaKtta; as 
royal + -/*.] I. . A supporter of a king or 
of royal government; one who adheres to or 
upholds the cause of a king against its oppo- 
nents or assailants. Specifically [cop.] (a) In Eng. 
hint., one of the partizans of Charles I. and of Charles II. 
during the civil war and the Commonwealth ; a Cavalier, 
as opposed to a Roundhead. 
Where Ca'ndish fought, the royalixts prevafl'd. 
Waller, Epitaph on Colonel Charles Cavendish. 
(b) In Atner. hint., an adherent of the British government 
during the revolutionary period, (c) In French hist., a sup- 
porter of the Bourbons as against the revolutionary and 
subsequent governments. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to Royalists or royal- 
ism ; adhering to or supporting a royal govern- 
ment. 
Royalit Antiquarians still show the looms where Ma- 
jesty and suite, in these extraordinary circumstances, had 
their lodging. Carlyle, French Rev., II. 1. ]. 
The battle of Marston Moor, with the defeat of the Roy- 
alist forces, . . . was the result. Eneyc. Brit., VIII. 347. 
royalize (roi'al-iz), c. ; pret. and pp. royalizerl, 
pr. royalizinlj. [< F. royaliser; as royal + -4ze.] 
. traiix. To make royal ; bring into a royal 
state or relation. 
Royalizing Henry's Albion 
With presence of your princely mightiness. 
Greene, Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. 
To roi/oh'jie his blood I spilt my own. 
Shak., Rich. III., i. 3. 125. 
II. iiiti'dim. To exercise kingly power; bear 
royal sway. [Rare.] 
Euen He (my Son) must be both lust and Wise, 
If long he look to Rule and Royalize. 
Syloetter, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Magnificence. 
Also spelled royalixe. 
royally (roi'al-i). nilr. [< ME. "roially, rially, 
riollji, reallietie ; < royal + -ly 2 .] In a royal or 
kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a 
king. 
In F.nsample of this Cite, sothely to telle, 
Rome on a Riuer rially was set. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1(110. 
Did I not tell thee 
He was only given to the book, and for that 
How royally lie pays? 
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, ii. 4. 
royalmast (roi'al-mast). . The highest part 
of a full-rigged ship's mast, the fourth from the 
deck, above and now generally in one piece 
with the topgallantmast, for carrying the sail 
called the royal. See cut under n'hi/i. 
royalty (roi'al-ti). H.; pi. royalties (-tiz). [< 
ME. 'roialte, reiiltee,real1e.retintc. rinlte, < OF. 
roialtr, roi/ai/lfe, roi/autc, rrialte, F. royavtf = 
It. real tii, < ML. rcgalibi(t-).i, < L. rei/alix, royal, 
regal: see royal, reyafl. Cf. regality, rri/lti/-. 
doublets of royalty.} 1. The state or condi- 
tion of being royal; royal Tank or extraction; 
existence as or derivation from a king or a 
royal personage. 
Setting nside his high blood's roittiltif. 
And let him be no kinsman to my liege. 
I do defy him. Shak., Rich. II.. i. 1. 58. 
2. Royal personality; concretely, a royal per- 
sonage, or member of a royal family ; collec- 
