royalty 
lively, an aggregate or assemblage of royal per- 
sons: as, royalty absented itself; discrowned 
royalties. 
As a branch and member of this royalty, . . . 
We do salute you, Duke of Bureundy. 
Shak., lieu. V., v. 1. 5. 
3. Royal authority; sovereign state; kingly 
rule or majesty ; kingship, either as an attribute 
or as a principle. 
Now, hear our English king ; 
For thus his royally doth speak in me. 
Shak., K. John, v. 2. 129. 
England, notwithstanding the advantages of politic 
royalty, had fallen into trouble. 
Stubbs, Const, Hist., 365. 
4. The character of being kingly, or proper to 
a king; royal quality, literally or figuratively; 
kingliness. 
In his royalty of nature 
Reigns that which would be fear'd. 
Shak., Macbeth, ill. 1. 60. 
There is no true royally but in the rule of our own 
spirits. Claiming, Perfect Life, p. 114. 
5. That which pertains or is proper to a king 
or sovereign; a sovereign right or attribute; 
regal dominion or prerogative ; a manifestation 
or an emblem of kingship. 
You were crown'd before, 
And that high royalty was ne'er pluck'd off. 
Shak., K. John, iv. 2. 5. 
Wherefore do I [Satan] assume 
These royalties and not refuse to reign? 
Milton, P. L., li. 451. 
6. A royal domain ; a manor or possession be- 
longing to the crown. 
The titles of the several royalties which thus came to 
an end [when Cyprus was conquered by the Turks] were 
claimed, as titles easily may be claimed, by other competi- 
tors. Stubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 204. 
7. A royal due or perquisite; especially, a 
seigniorage due to a king from a manor of which 
he is lord ; a tax paid to the crown, or to a supe- 
rior as representing the crown, as on the pro- 
duce of a royal mine. 
For to my Muse, if not to me, 
I'm sure all game is free; 
Heaven, earth, all are but parts of her great royalty. 
Randolph, Ode to Master Anthony Stafford. 
With the property [an estate in Denbighshire] were in- 
separably connected extensive royalties. 
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xxi. 
Hence 8. (a) A compensation paid to one who 
holds a patent for the use of the patent, or for 
the right to act under it, generally at a certain 
rate for each article manufactured, (b) A pro- 
portional payment made on sales, as to an au- 
thor or an inventor tor each copy of a work or 
for each article sold. 9. In Scotland, the area 
occupied by a royal burgh, or (in the plural) the 
bounds of a royal burgh Ensigns of royalty. See 
regale?, 3. 
royal-yard (roi'al-yiird), w. JVot., the yard of 
the royalmast, on which the royal is set. 
Royena (roi'e-na), n. [NL. (Liunteus, 1753), 
named after Adrian van Royen, a Dutch bot- 
anist of the 18th century.] A genus of gamo- 
petalous trees and shrubs of the order Ebena- 
ceee, the ebony family, it is characterized by flow- 
ers which are commonly bisexual (the family being chiefly 
dioecious), with a broad urn-like or bell-shaped flve-lobed 
calyx enlarging under the fruit, five contorted and re- 
flexed corolla-lobes, stamens commonly ten and in one 
row, anthers and ovary usually hirsute, styles two to five, 
and the ovary-cells twice as many and one-ovuled. The 
is species are natives of southern Africa in and beyond the 
tropics. They bear small leaves which are nearly or quite 
sessile, and axillary solitary or clustered urn-shaped flow- 
ers, followed by a coriaceous roundish or five-angled fruit. 
The wood of li. pseudebenus and other species resembles 
ebony, but the trees are small. K. lucida, known as Af- 
rican snowdrop, or African bladder-nut, is a pretty green- 
house species with white flowers and shining leaves. 
roylet, v. t. An obsolete form of roift. 
roynet, . See roiii. 
roynisht, See roinisli. 
roynoust, See roinous. 
royster, roysterer, etc., . See roister, etc. 
Eoyston crow. [Formerly also Roiston craic.] 
The gray crow, Cortms comix. 
Corneille emmanttlee, the Roistan Crow, or Winter Crow, 
whose back and belly are of an ashie colour. Cotgram. 
roytelett, n. An obsolete form of roitelct. 
roytisht (roi'tish), a. [Perhaps for 'riotisli or 
routish.] Wild; irregular. 
No Weed presum'd to show its roytish face. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, vi. 140. 
rozelle, . See rosette. 
R. S. V. P. An abbreviation of the French 
phrase Rcpoitde: n'il nut* pl/ilt ('answer, if you 
please'), appended to a note of invitation or 
the like. 
5252 
Rt. Hon. An abbreviation of the title Sight 
Iliiiinrable. 
Rt. Rev. An abbreviation of the title Right 
1!< t'crend. 
Ru. The chemical symbol of ruthenium. 
ruana (rij-au'a), n. A variety of viol used in 
India. 
rub (rub), v. ; pret. and pp. rubbed, ppr. ntbbiny. 
[< ME. rubbeu; origin uncertain; cf. Dan. rubbe 
(< E. 1); Gael, rub, rub, Ir. Gael, rubadh, a rub- 
bing, Ir. ruboir,Ga,e\. rubair, a rubber, W. rhichin. 
rub, rhicb, a rub. The Celtic forms may be origi- 
nal.] I. tranx. 1. To apply pressure with mo- 
rubadub 
But, David, has Mr. De-la-grace been here? I must rub 
up my balancing, and chasing, and boring. 
Sheridan, The Rivals, iii. 4. 
II. intrans. 1. To move or act with friction ; 
exert frictional pressure in moving: as, to rub 
against or along something. 
This last allusion gall'd the Panther more, 
Because indeed it rubb'd upon the sore. 
Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 132. 
2. Figuratively, to proceed with friction or col- 
lision ; do anything with more or less effort or 
difficulty: commonly with on, along, 
etc. 
tioii to the surface of; apply friction to by chaf- We na d nearly consumed all my pistoles, and now just 
* **- '-'i- ^i-i --- * * rubbed on from hand to mouth. 
ing or fretting with something else : as, to rub 
the face with a towel ; to rub one hand with the 
other. 
Sone this doctour, 
As rody as a rose, rubbed his chekes, 
Coughed and carped. Piers Ptowman (B), xiii. 90. 
His disciples plucked the ears of corn, and did eat, rub- 
bing them in their hands. Luke vi. 1. 
2. To smooth, polish, clean, or coat by means 
of friction or frictional applications: as, to rub 
brasses or silver; to rub a floor; to rub furniture. 
Go, sir, mb your chain with crums. 
Shak., T. N., il. 3. 12& 
Let but these fits and flashes pass, she will shew to you 
As jewels rubb'd from dust, or gold new burnish'd. 
Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, IT. 1. 
As bees ... on the smoothed plank, 
The suburb of their straw-built citadel, 
New rubb'd with balm, expatiate, and confer 
Their state alf airs. Milton, P. L., i. 774. 
3. To treat, act upon, or remove by frictional 
pressure; act with or upon by friction: with 
out, off, in, etc. : as, to rub out marks, spots, or 
Franklin, Autobiog., p. 73. 
People now seem to think that they will rub an a little 
longer. Walpole, Letters, II. 231. 
They rubb'd through yesterday 
In their hereditary way, 
And they will rub through, if they can, 
To-morrow on the self-same plan. 
M. Arnold, Resignation. 
Most of us learn to be content if we can rub along easily 
with our life-partners. 
A T. Cooke, Somebody's Neighbors, p. 103. 
3. In the old game of bowls, to touch or graze 
the jack or another ball with the bowl or played 
ball. 
Cost. Challenge her to bowl. 
Boyet. I fear too much rubbing. 
Shak., L L. L., iv. 1. 141. 
rub (rub), n. [< rub, r.; cf. W. rhtcb, a mb.] 
1. An act or the action of rubbing; an appli- 
cation or occurrence of frictional contact : as, 
to take a rub with a towel ; to give something a 
rub. 
The surgeon had been sitting with his face turn 
stains; to rub ojrust; torubin a liniment;' to Wa ,-d 8 thelire',' giving the patoToT w. 
rub up an ointment in a mortar. 
In such cases, the painter's deep conception of his sub- 
ject's Inward traits ... is seen after the superficial col- 
oring has been rubbed off by time. 
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, iv. 
a rub alternately. Dictent, Oliver Twist, i. 
The bolsters between the cheeks, to take the rub of the 
cable. Thearle, Naval Arch., 232. 
The relief is to be onely water, the rub [of race-horses] 
but half an hour, and then the Judge is to bid them mount. 
Quoted in A', and Q., 7th ser., VI. 421. 
4. To take an impression of by friction ; ap- 
ply frictional pressure to, as an engraved or 2. A metaphorical rubbing or chafing; an ir- 
seulptured figure or inscription, for the pur- ritating or disturbing act or expression ; inter- 
pose of copying. See rubbing, 2. 
I believe that . . . nearly all of them [monumental 
brasses in England] have been rubbed, so that if. by any 
untoward chance, the originals should perish, a memorial 
of them will still remain. N. and Q., 6th ser., X 26. 
5. Figuratively, to affect in any way as if by 
frictional contact or pressure ; furbish ; fret : 
as, to rub (usually rub up) one's memory; to 
rub one the wrong way. See phrases below. 
'Tis the duke's pleasure, 
Whose disposition, all the world well knows, 
Will not be rubb'd nor stopp'd. 
Shak., Lear, ii. 2. 161. 
6. To cause to move over another body with 
friction : as, to rub one's hand over a mirror. 
Rubbed tints, in chromolithograph^, tints produced on 
the stone by rubbing freely upon it colored inks formed 
into blocks or masses. The ink is distributed, the su- 
perfluous part removed, or in parts softened down as 
required, by means of a cloth or stump. Where more 
force or detail is required, inks in crayon form are used. 
Rubbed work, in building, work in stone or brick 
smoothed by rubbing with gritstone aided by sand and 
water. To rub a thing In, to make a disagreeable thing 
still more disagreeable by repeating it or emphasizing it. 
[Colloq.] To rub down, (a) To rub from top to bot- 
tom, from head to foot, or all over, for any purpose : as, to 
rub down a horse after a hard run. 
Opportunities for petty thefts occur . . . which neces- 
sitate the large body of dock police, with the custom of 
rubbin!/ down each labourer [for the detection of stolen 
articles] as he passes the dock gates. 
Nineteenth Century, XXII. 487. 
(b) To reduce or bring to smaller dimensions by friction ; 
smooth or render less prominent by rubbing. 
We rub each other's angles down. 
Tennyson, In Memoriam, Ixxxix. 
To rub elbows. See elbou!.1o rub off, to clean or 
clear off, or get rid of, by or as if by rubbing: as, to rub 
o/dust; to rub of one's rusticity. See def. 3. To rub 
out. (a) To erase or remove by rubbing : as, to rub out 
figures on a slate, (b) To spread by rubbing ; diffuse over 
a surface with a rubbing instrument : as, to rub out paint. 
To rub the hair (or fur) the wrong way, to excite 
or irritate by petty opposition or bickering or by an in- 
opportune or indiscreet remark: in allusion to the effect 
produced on a cat by such a rubbing of its hair. Some- 
times, by contraction, to rub the wrong way (with or with- 
out a person as object). 
It is no unusual drawback to married life, this same 
knack of rubbing the hair the wrong way; and I think it 
helps to bring a very large proportion of cases into the 
"Court of Probate, &c." 
ference ; affront ; sarcasm, gibe, or the like. 
Bristol can literary rubs despise ; 
You'll wonder whence the wisdom may proceed ; 
'Tis doubtful if her aldermen can read. 
Chatterton, Kew Gardens. 
I had the management of the paper ; and I made bold 
to give our rulers some rubs in it. 
Franklin, Autobiog., p. 31. 
3. That which opposes or checks, as if from 
friction ; any chafing or disturbing circum- 
stance or predicament; an impediment, em- 
barrassment, or stumbling-block ; a pinch. 
To die, to sleep; 
To sleep : perchance to dream : ay, there 's the rub. 
Shak., Hamlet, iii. 1. 66. 
Berceiuing that their power and authoritie would be a 
perillous rub in his way. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 243. 
I have no crosse, no rub to stop my sute. 
Marston, What you Will, i. 1. 
They are well inclined to marry, but one rub or other is 
ever in the way. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 666. 
Upon the death of a prince among us, the administra- 
tion goes on without any rub or interruption. 
Suift, Sentiments of Ch. of Eng. Man, ii. 
We sometimes had those little rubs which Providence 
sends to enhance the value of its favours. 
Goldsmith, Vicar, i. 
4f. An unevenness of surface or character; a 
roughness or inequality; an imperfection; a 
flaw ; a fault. 
To leave no rubs nor botches In the work. 
Shale., Macbeth, iii. 1. 134. 
A gentleman, excepting some few rubs, . . . 
Fraughted as deep with noble and brave parts . . . 
As any he alive. Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 2. 
My floor is not so flat, so fine, 
And has more obvious rubs than thine. 
Qvarles, Emblems, ii. 11. 
5f. Inequality of the ground in a bowling- 
green. 
A rub to an overthrown bowl proves a help by hinder- 
ing it. Fuller, Holy State, 1. 11. 
6. In card-playing, same as riibbrr. (i. [Colloq.] 
"Can you one?" inquired the old lady. "lean," replied 
Mr. Pickwick. "Double, single, and therr/6." 
Dickens, Pickwick, vi. 
A rubstone. [Prov. Eng.] 
Whyte MelmlU, White Rose, I. xxv. badub, nib-a-dub (ruVa-dub). [Imitative 
il, is kind to forewarn me," said Philip " f , the sol '" d . of " d m 5 c rataplan .etc.] 
rubbed the wrong way by Lady Flanders T " e sound of a drum when beaten ; a drum- 
'ay by Lady Ha 
airthnrne, Dust, 
"Your ladyship 
who was always ru 
J" Hawthorne, Dust, p. 291. 
To rub up. (a) To burnish: furbish, polish, or clean 
by rubbing, (b) To blend or otherwise prepare by tritura- 
tion : as, to rub up an ointment, (r) To awaken or excite 
by effort ; rouse ; freshen : as, to rub up the memory. 
mill}; sound : lionce. any disturbing clatter. 
The drum advanced, beating no measured martial tune, 
but a kind of rub-a-t?nb-dttb, like that with which the fire- 
drum startles the slumbering artizans of a Scotch burgh. 
Scott, Waverley, xxxiv. 
