ruck 
ruck B (ruk), . [A var. of rut 1 .] A rut in a 
road. Hulliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
ruck 7 t (ruk), n. Same as roc 1 . 
ruckerizet (ruk'er-!z), v. i. [< Rucker (the name 
of a citizen of Tennessee who, being in Balti- 
more at the time of the Democratic convention 
in 1835, took it upon himself to represent his 
State in it) + -i:e.] To assume a position or 
function without credentials. [U. S. political 
slang of about 1835 and later.] 
ruckle (ruk'l), . [Cf. D. rogrhclen, clear the 
throat, spit out; MHG. ruohelen, rultelen, riie- 
Inhi, rukelen, riiclielen, riiclieln, whinny, roar, 
rattle, G. rocheln, rattle, freq. of OHG. roltuii, 
MHG. rolien, roar, grunt; Icel. hryf/la, a rat- 
tling in the throat, Sw. rackla, hawk, or clear 
the throat ; L. rugire, roar, Gr. iipvy/iof, a roar ; 
all prob. more or less imitative.] A rattling 
noise in the throat, as from suffocation. See 
death-ruckle. [Scotch.] 
ruckle (ruk'l), v. i.; pret. and pp. ruckled, ppr. 
ruckling. [< ruckle, .] To make a rattling 
noise; rattle. [Scotch.] 
The deep ruckling groans of the patient satisfied every 
one that she was breathing her last. 
Scott, St. Ronan's Well, xxxviii. 
ruckling (ruk'ling), . anda. Same as reckling. 
nictation (ruk-ta'shon), w. [< LL. ructatio(n-), 
< L. ruetare, belch: see eructate.'] The act of 
belching; eructation. Cockeram. 
Absteyne from meate[s) that ingender botches, inflam- 
mations, fumous ructuations, or vapours. 
Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Health, iv. 12. (Richardson.) 
There are some little symptoms of this inordination, by 
which a man may perceive himself to have transgressed 
his measures ; " nictation, uneasy loads, singing, looser 
pratlngs." Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 701. 
ruction (ruk'shon), . [Prob. a dial, perver- 
sion of eruption.'] A vexation or annoyance ; 
also, a disturbance ; a row or rumpus. [Slang. ] 
rud 1 (rud), n. [Also rudd; < ME. rod, rudde, 
rude, rode, redness, < AS. rudu, redness (of 
complexion), < reodan, be red: see red 1 . Of. 
ruddy.] If. Redness; blush; flush. 
Her chekes full choise, as the chalke white, 
As the rose was the rud that raiked horn In. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 8048. 
2f. Complexion; face. 
His rode was reed, his eyeu greye as goos. 
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 131. 
Olympias the onorable ouer all hue hyght. 
Rose red was hur rode, full riall of schape. 
Alisaunder of Macedoine (E. E. T. S.), 1. 178. 
3. Bed ocher; reddle for marking sheep. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
rud 1 t (rud), a. [An adj. use of rud 1 , n., or var. 
of red 1 : see rud 1 , n., red 1 , and cf . ruddy.'] Red : 
ruddy. 
Sweet blushes stayn'd her rud-red cheeke, 
Her eyen were blacke as sloe. 
Percy's ReHyues, p. 327. 
rud 1 ! (rud), v. [< ME. rudden, ruden, rodden, 
roden, a secondary form or a var. of red 1 , v., < 
AS. reodian, be or become red, retidan, redden, 
stain with blood: see red 1 , v.] I. trans. To 
make red. 
Her eheekes lyke apples which the sun hath rudded. 
Spenser, Epithalamlon, 1. 178. 
II. intrans. To redden. 
As rody as a rose roddede hus chekes. 
Piers Plowman (C), xvi. 108. 
The apple rodded from its palie greene. 
Chatlerton, An Excellente Balade of 
[Charitie. 
rud' 2 (rud), n. A dialectal va- 
riant of reed 1 . 
rud 3 (rud), v. t. [A var. of red 3 , 
nd3(?).] To rub; polish. Haiti- 
well. [Prov. Eng.] 
rudas (ro'das), M. and a. [Al- 
so roudes ; cf. Sc. roudocli, 
roodyoch, sulky -looking.] I. . 
A foul-mouthed old woman; 
a randy : a beldam ; a hag. 
[Scotch.] 
II. a. Bold ; coarse ; foul- 
mouthed: applied to women. 
[Scotch.] 
But what can ail them to bury the 
auld carlin (a ntdas wife she was) in 
the night time? 
Scott, Antiquary, xxvi. 
Rudbeckia (rud-bek'i-a), M. 
[NL. (LiniiBBUs, 1737), named af- 
6267 
tanical Garden of Upsala.] A genus of compo- 
site plants of the tribe Helian thoidcee and sub- 
tribe Verbesinese, consisting of rigid, mostly 
perennial herbs with large or middle-sized 
(often showy) heads borne on long stalks. The 
heads are marked by a hemispherical involucre, common- 
ly with two rows of partly or wholly herbaceous bracts, 
long spreading sterile ray-flowers, and a conical or cylin- 
drical receptacle, with concave chaff embracing the nu- 
merous disk-flowers. The fruit consists of many long com- 
pressed or four-angled smooth achenes, often tipped with 
an irregular crown-like pappus. The species now classed 
in this genus, including those of Echittacea, number about 
26, natives chiefly of the eastern and central United States, 
with a few in California and Mexico. They are tall or 
low plants, sparingly branched, rough and often bristly, 
the leaves alternate, simple and divided or otherwise, or 
compound. The rays are in some species purple or violet, 
in one species crimson, but in many, including the most 
familiar, yellow or orange, contrasting with a commonly 
dark purple-brown disk. A general name for the species 
is cone-flower (which see). The most common is A', hirta, 
a coarse but brilliant plant of meadows and pastures. /.'. 
speciosa is a similar plant long cultivated in gardens, often 
wrongly called R. fulgida, which name belongs to a more 
southern species with shorter rays. 
rudd 1 , M. and a. Another spelling of rud 1 . 
rudd 8 (rud), . [A particular use of rud 1 , 
rudd 1 .'] The redeye, a cyprinoid fish of Eu- 
rope, Leucigcus or Scardiimia erytliropkthalmus. 
ruddle 
rudder 2 (rud'er), ii. [A dial, form of ridiler 1 .]- 
A riddle or sieve. 
rudder 3 ! (rud'er). H. An obsolete form of 
rythrtiphth 
It has a high back, deep body, and comparatively small 
head. The back is olivaceous, the sides and belly are 
yellowish marked with red, and the ventral and anal flns 
are deep-red. It is common in Great Britain and on the 
Continent, and attains a length of a foot or more. 
rudder 1 (rud'er). n. [< ME. roder, rather, < 
AS. rather, rothor, rathr, an oar, a paddle (ro- 
tlires bleed, 'rudder -blade,' steor-rother, ' a steer- 
ing-rudder' or paddle, scip-rotlter, 'a ship- 
rudder'); (cf. rother, rothra, rethra , geretltra, a 
rower, sailor, gerethru, helm, rudder) (= MD. 
roeder, roer, D. roer, an oar, rudder (MD. roeder, 
a rower), = MLG. roder, LG. roeder, roer = 
OHG. ruodar, MHG. rwoder, Q. ruder = Icel. 
rsetliri = Sw. roder, ror = Dan. ror, rudder), 
with formative -der, -ther, of agent, < rowan, 
row: see row 1 .] 1. That part of the helm 
which is abaft the stern-post, and is turned 
Cone-flower (/twrf- 
beckia hirta}. 
i. Upper partofthe 
stein with the heads 
Lower part of the 
cm. 
[liulil. 
his son Olaus (1660-1740), and 
a relative, Olaus John, all Swedish botanical 
writers, the first the founder (1657) of the Bo- 
A, rudder of rowboat ; B, yawl's or cutter's rudder ; C, rudder 
of sailing vessel. 
by the tiller so as to expose its side more or 
less to the resistance of the water and thus di- 
rect the ship's course. It is usually hinged on 
the stern-post by pintles and gudgeons. 
Discrecion . . . is the cartel e of uirtues, ase zayth sant 
bernard, and the rother of the ssipe of the zaule. 
Ayenbite of Irncyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 160. 
In daunger hit [Noah's ark] semed, 
With-outen . . . hande-helme hasped on rother. 
Alliterative Poemi (ed. MorrisX ii. 418. 
The Antoniad, the Egyptian admiral, 
With all their sixty, fly and turn the rudder. 
Shak., A. and C., ill 10. 8. 
2. That which guides or governs the course. 
For rhyme the rudder is of verses, 
With which, like ships, they steer their courses. 
S. Butler, Hudlbras, I. L 463. 
3f. A kind of paddle to stir with. 
A rudder or instrument to stirre the meash fat with, 
motaculum. Withals' Diet. (ed. 1608X p. 178. (Nares.) 
4. A bird's tail-feather ; a rectrix : as, " rec- 
trices, rudders, or true tail-feathers," Couen, 
Key to N. A. Birds, p. 115 Chocks of the rud- 
der. See chock*. Equipoise-rudder. Same as balance- 
rudder. 
Boole, a serpent liuing by milk of rudder beasts. 
Fiona. 
rudder-band (rud'er-baud), n. A gearing with 
which the rudder is braced or made fast while 
the ship lies at anchor. 
They committed themselves unto the sea, and loosed 
the rudder bands. Acts xxvii. 40. 
rudder-brace (rud'er-bras), n. A strap to re- 
ceive a pintle of the rudder ; a gudgeon. 
rudder-brake (rud'^r-brak), n. A kind of com- 
pressor for controlling the rudder in a seaway 
or in case of accident to the wheel-ropes. 
rudder-breechingt (rud'er-bre'ching), . A 
rope for lilting the rudder to ease the motion 
of the pintles in their gudgeons. Encyc. Diet. 
rudder-case (rud'er-kas), . Same as rudder- 
trunk. 
rudder-chain (rud'er-chan), n. Naut., one of 
two strong chains often shackled to the after 
part of a rudder, near the water-line. Each chain 
is about 6 feet long, and into its end is spliced a rope 
pendant, which is stopped to eyebolts along the ship's 
counter, some slack being allowed for the working of the 
rudder. In case of damage to the rudder-head, the ship 
can be steered by these pendants worked by tackles. 
rudder-chock (rud'er-chok), . See chocks of 
the rudder, under chock*. 
rudder-coat (rud'er-kot), . A piece of canvas 
put round the rudder-head to keep the sea from 
rushing in at the tiller-hole. 
rudder-duck (rud'er-duk), H. A duck of the 
subfamily Erismaturinee: so called from the 
narrow stiff rectrices, denuded to their bases. 
See cut under Erismatura. 
rudder-feather (rud'er-feTH"er), . See fea- 
ther, and rudder, 4. 
rudder-fish (rud er-fish), n. 1. A stromateid 
fish, Lints perciformis ; the log- or barrel-fish. 
2. A carangoid fish, Nanerates ductor; the 
pilot-fish. 3. A carangoid fish (nearly related 
to the pilot-fish), Seriola zonata, or allied spe- 
cies; the amber-fish. 
rudder-hanger (rud'er-hang"er), n. A device 
for hanging or shipping a rudder. 
rudder-head (rud'er-hed), . The upper end 
of the rudder, into which the tiller is fitted. 
rudder-hole (rud'6r-hol), . A hole in a ship's 
deck through which the head of the rudder 
passes. 
rudder-iron (rud'er-i"ern), . A'aut., same as 
pintle, 1 (d). Fallows. 
rudderless (rud'er-les), a. [< rudder + -less.] 
Having no rudder: as, a rudderless craft. 
rudder-nail (rud'er-nal), . A nail used in 
fastening the pintle to the rudder. 
rudder-pendant (rud'er -peu"dant), H. See 
pendant and rudder-chain. fhearle, Naval 
Arch., $ 233. 
rudder-perch (rud'er-perch), n. Same as rud- 
der-fish, 1. 
rudder-port (rud'er-port), . SeeporP. 
rudder-post (rud'er-post), n. Xaut., in a screw 
ship, an after stern-post, on which the rudder 
is hung, abaft of the propeller. 
A pair of legs short and sturdy as rudder-posts. 
The Century, XXXIX. 226. 
rudder-Stock (rud'er-stok), n. The main piece 
or broadest part of the rudder, attached to the 
stern-post bv the pintles and gudgeons. 
rudder-tackle (rud'er -tak*l), . Tackle at- 
tached to the rudder-pendants. 
rudder-trunk (rud'er-trungk), n. A casing of 
wood, fitted or boxed firmly into a round hole 
called the port, through which the rudder-stock 
is inserted. 
rudder-wheel (rud'er-hwel), n. In agri., a 
small wheel sometimes placed at the rear end 
of a plow to bear part of the weight and to aid 
in steering or guiding the plow. 
ruddied (rud'id), a. [< ruddy + -ed'*.] Made 
ruddy or red. Scott. 
ruddily (rud'i-li), adv. In a ruddy manner; 
with a reddish appearance. Imp. Diet. 
ruddiness (rud'i-nes), w. The state of being 
ruddy; redness; rosiness; especially, that de- 
gree of redness of complexion which denotes 
good health : as, the ruddiness of the cheeks or 
lips. 
The ruddiness upon her lip is wet. Shak. , W. T. , v. 3. 81. 
ruddle 1 (rud'l), . [Also reddle, raddle, < ME. 
rude/, 'rodel (in comp.^rode/icort). < AS. rudu, 
redness, < redd, red: see rud 1 , red 1 .] 1. Same 
as reddle. 
