rudeness 
God hath swich favour sent hir of his grace, 
That It nc semed nat by lyklinesse 
That she was born and fed in rudenesse. 
Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, 1. 341. 
(d) Barbarism; lack of civilization or enlightenment; ig- 
norance. 
"Hermit poore" and "Chiny Chese" was all the mii- 
siuue we had ; and yet no ordinary fiddlers get so much 
money as our's do here, which speaks our rdie still. 
Pcpys, Diary, III. 62. 
() Coarseness of manners or conduct ; boorishness; churl- 
ishness; discourtesy; incivility. 
The rudeness that hath appeared in me have I learned 
from my entertainment. Shak., T. -V, i. 5. -#>. 
He chooses company, but not the squire's. 
Whose wit is rudeness, whose good breeding tires. 
Cowper, Retirement, 1. 43S. 
(/) Roughness of weather ; tempestuousness ; storminess ; 
inclemency. 
The rudeness of the Winter Season kept me in for some 
t i, ue Lifter, Journey to Paris, p. 5. 
(y) Impetuosity ; brunt ; fierceness ; as, the rudeness of a 
conflict. 
The ram that batters down the wall, 
For the great swing and rudeness of his poise, 
Thev place before his hand that made the engine. 
Shak., T. andC., i. 3. 207. 
= Syn. (a) Ruggedness. (e) Impertinence, Effrontery, etc. 
(see impudence), surliness, impoliteness, uncouthness. 
rudented (rO-den'ted), a. [Aocom. < F. rudenlc, 
rudented, < L. ruden(t-)s, & rope, cord, appar. 
orig. ppr. of rudere, roar, rattle (with ref. to 
the noise made by cordage).] In arch., same 
as cabled. 
indenture (rij-den'tur), . [< OF. (and F.) ni- 
denture, < rudente, rudented: see rudentcd.] In 
arc/i the figure of a rope or staff, plain or 
carved, with which the flutings of columns are 
sometimes filled. Also called cabling. 
ruderal (rS'de-ral), a. [< L. rudus (ruder-), 
rubbish, stones broken small and mixed with 
lime, for plastering walls.] In hot., growing 
in waste places or among rubbish. 
ruderaryt (ro'de-ra-ri), a. [< L. ruderanua, ot 
or belonging to 'rubbish, < rudus (ruder-), rub- 
bish: see ruderal] Belonging to rubbish. 
Bailey, 1727. 
mderationt (ro-de-ra'shon), H. [< OF. rudera- 
tion, F. ruderation, < L. rucleratio(u-), a paving 
with rubbish, < ruderare, cover or pave with 
rubbish, < nidus (ruder-), rubbish : see mderal.'] 
The act of paving with pebbles or small stones 
and mortar. Bailey. 
rudesbyt (rodz'bi), n. [< rude + -s- + -by, a 
termination, found also in idlesby, sneaksby, and 
suresby (also xureby), by some taken to be a re- 
duced form of boy, but prob. an arbitrary addi- 
tion, suggested perhaps by such surnames as 
Catesby, lliyby, etc., which are orig. local names 
(see fy 2 ).] A rude, boisterous, or turbulent 
fellow. 
To give my hand, opposed against my heart, 
Unto a mad-brain nidattf full of spleen. 
Shale., T. of the s., iii. 210. 
Rudesheimer (rii'des-hi-mer), H. [< G. BHdes- 
heimer, < Biidexlieiiii, name of a town in Prussia 
on the right bank of the Rhine, near Bingen.J 
One of the white Khine wines, most highly 
esteemed after Johannisberger. It is made near 
lludesheim. The wine-growing district is very large, ami 
there are many varieties and qualities of the wine. Ru- 
deaheimer Berg, wine produced in the vineyard of that 
name on the hillside facing the south, and considered the 
best of the vineyards of Rudesheim. 
rudge(ruj), H. [Origin obscure.] A partridge. 
Balliicell. [Prov. Eng.] 
rudge-gownt, See rug-gottn. 
rudge-wash (ruj'wosh), H. [< "nidf/e, var. of 
ridge, bauk, -I- ic7i.] Kersey cloth made ot 
ne 4ce-wool worked as it comes from the sheep s 
back, and not cleansed after it is shorn. Hul- 
tiH'fll. 
rudiment (ro'di-ment), H. [< OF. (and F.) ru- 
diment = Sp. Pg.'rudimento = It. rudimento, 
rudiments, elements, < L. rudinii-iiliiiii, a first 
attempt, a beginning, pi. nidi men /a, the ele- 
ments, < nidiK, rude: see )</<.] 1. Anything 
which is in an undeveloped state; the principle 
which lies at the beginning or bottom of any 
development ; an unformed or unfinished be- 
ginning. 
When nature makes a flower or living creature, she 
formeth rudiments of all the parts at one time. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, n. :"" 
But first I mean 
To exercise him in the wilderness ; 
There he shall first lay down the rudiments 
Of his great warfare. Hilton, P. R., i. WT. 
The sappy houghs 
Attire themselves with blooms, sweet mdiinents 
Of future harvest. J. Philips, ruler, il. 
5259 
rue 
a i n , first winciple of any art or Rudista (rij-dis'ta), n. pi. [NL-] Iu 
scioncef eTpeciaTly in th, plural, the begin- villoV, classification (1825), the second 
iiin;, first steps, or introduction to any branch 
of knowledge ; the elements or elementary no- 
tions. 
Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and 
vain deceit . . after the rudiments of the world, and 
not after Christ. 
To learn the order of my fingering, 
I must begin with rudiments of art. 
Shak., T. of the S., iii. 1. OB. 
3. In biol. : (a) That which is rudimentary ; 
that which is in its first or an early stage of de- 
velopment,which may or may not be continued ; 
the beginning or foundation of any part or or- 
gan : as, the rudiment of the embryo which is 
to go on to maturity; the rudiment ot an organ 
whose further development has been arrested 
or aborted, (b) That which is vestigial; a ves- 
tigial or aborted part, organ, or structure; an 
abortion ; a vestige. =Syn. 3. Fetus, Germ, etc. See 
embryo. 
rudiment (ro'di-ment), r. t. [< rudiment, n.J 
To furnish with first principlesor rules; ground; 
settle in first principles. 
It is the right discipline of knight-errantry to be rudi- 
mented in losses at nrst, and to have the tyrocinium some- 
what tart. Gayton, Notes on Don Quixote, p. 37. 
rudimental (ro-di-men'tal), a. [< rudiment + 
-/.] Pertaining to or of the nature of rudi- 
ments; rudimentary. 
Your first rudimental essays in spectatorship were made 
in my shop, where you often practised for h UI \ )< , rfa(OT . 
rudimentarily (ro-di-men'ta-ri-li), adv. In a 
rudimentary manner or state ; elementarily. 
Every such event brings him (man] into relation with 
the unknown, and arouses in him a feeling which must be 
called rudimentarily religious. 
rudimentary (ro-di-men'ta-ri), a. [= F. - 
dimeniaire = Sp. rudimentario = Pg. rudimen- 
tar; as rudiment + -aru.~\ \. Pertaining to 
rudiments or first principles; consisting in or 
dealing with first principles; elementary; ini- 
tial: as, rudimenttinj teachings; rudimentary 
laws. 2. Of the nature of a rudiment; ele- 
mentary ; undeveloped. 
It [" Gammer Gurton's Needle "] is a capital example of 
farce, just as Ralph Roister Doister is of a rather rudi- 
mentary kind of regular comedy. 
Saintsbury, Hist. Elizabethan Literature, in. 
The revelation of a rudimentary and imperfect science 
would be unworthy of God, and would require continual 
correction as knowledge advanced. 
Damon, Nature and the Bible, p. 21 . 
3. Specifically, in 610?.: (a) Pertaining to or 
of the nature of a rudiment; rudimental; be- 
ginning to be formed ; elementary; embryonic. 
(6) Vestigial; abortive; aborted or arrested 
in development ; having no functional activity. 
Organs, however little developed, if of use, should not 
be considered as rudimentary; they may be called nas- 
cent, and may hereafter be developed by natural selec- 
tion to any further extent. 
Daru'in, Origin of Species, p. 406. 
= Syn 3 Rudimentary, Vestigial, Abortive. These three 
words, 'in their biological application, are commonly used 
interchangeably, and may mean exactly the same thing. 
But there is a clear and proper distinction in most cases, 
since that which is rudimentary in one organism may be 
fully developed in another organism, and that which is 
rudimentary in a given organism may or may not proceed 
to develop in that organism. So that which is developed 
In one organism but remains rudimentary In another is 
vestiitial for the latter that is, it affords a mere trace or 
hint of the former; and that which might have developed 
but did not develop In the same organism is abortive. 
Thus, all embryonic parts and organs are properly rudi- 
mentary; all functionless organs are vestigial which in 
another case have become functional; those which are 
normally functional but fail to become so in a given case 
are aburtioe. Itudimentari/ is the most general and com- 
prehensive term for that which is rude, raw, crude, un 
formed in an absolute sense ; vestvjial is a relative term, 
implying comparison with something else, of which that 
which is ventviial is a mere trace; abortive is likewise a 
relativeterm, hut one implying arrest or failure of de- 
velopment in the thing itself, without reference to any 
De Blain- 
Vlllt! h ciarH5iiiu**mJi' Y--^*'"/t *"" .,~~-.- 
his Aoepltalopltora, composed of the genera 
s^hrrnliti-s. //<>/""'''- ll'idioliten, Birost rites, 
and Ciileroln. These have been mostly referred next 
to the Chamid.ee or to the superfamily Chamaeea by most 
modern writers, and to the families Hipjiuntulas, Kadioli- 
lida and Cajmnids. Calceota is a coralligeuoua zoantjia- 
rian. Also called Rudiitse, Hudistes. 
rudistan (ro-dis'tan), a. and M. I. a. 
relating to the Ritdixta. 
II n. One of the Budixta. 
rudity (ro'di-ti), w. [= It. rudita, < L. rudi- 
tn(t-)s, ignorance, < ntdis, rude: see rude.} 
Rudeness. [Rare.] Imp. Hii-t. 
Rudmas-dayt, [ME. "rodmasse-day; < rood 
+ ms*i + rffltf 1 .] Holy-rood day (May 3d or 
September 14th). See rood. 
Rudolphine (ro-dol'fin), . [< Rudolph (see 
def ) + -jiie 1 .] Of or pertaining to the emperor 
Rudolph (Rudolf) II. (1576-1612): an epithet 
applied to a set of planetary and other astro- 
nomical tables composed by Kepler, and found- 
ed on the observations of Tycho Brahe. 
rue 1 (ro), v.; pret. and pp. rued, ppr. runty. 
[Earlv mod. E. also rew; < ME. rewcn, remreii, 
veopmen n e , 
other thing. Few if any organs can be described w 
eiiual accuracy by all three terms, though the distinctions 
are often ignored. Vi'Mifial is a more technical term 
than either of the other two, implying a broad view of the 
thing described, derived from comparative anatomy and 
physiology, ariwding t" the theory of evolution. Abor- 
tive is specially applicable to pathological and teratologi- 
c-il rases A harelip or cleft palate is abortive, but neither 
,;-tli,,in1 nor rudimentary. The thymus of the adult is 
n ,)/.( but neither oiwrWtw nor rudimentary. The brain- 
blii.l.lrrs "I the embryo xeerudimentarn, but neither vet- 
tiniiil nor abortive, \lost of the functtonleei and appa- 
rently useless organs of adults of the higher animals are 
most properly to be designated as restiirial. 
rudimentation (r<> di-men-tS'wion), . 
rudiment + -iilioii.] The mukingruaimentary : 
rnliiftion to or representation by mere rudi- 
ments. [Rare.] 
nitren, men (pret. reif, reu, also rewede, rewide, 
reu-ed, reude), < (a) AS. liremcnn (a strong verb, 
pret. hredie), make sorry, grieve (often used 
impersonally, like L. pcenitet), = OS. hrcuu-an 
(pret. hrau)= D. rouwen = MLG. rmcen, LG. 
ruicen, rouwen, ruen (the D. and LG. forms be- 
ing weak, but orig. strong) = OHG. hrimcan, 
MHG. riuwen, make sorry, grieve: (b) also 
weak, AS. liremcian = OS. Jiriirdn = OHG. Itriu- 
icon, MHG. riuwen, G. reuen, feel pain or sor- 
row, = Icel. hrygaja, make sorry, grieve, refl. 
rue; (c) with formative -s, AS. lireowsian = 
OHG. *liriuwis6it, rimcison, intr., be sorry, re- 
pent; cf. AS. hredice, sad, mournful (= Icel. 
liruggr, grieved, afflicted), hreoii; sorrow, grief 
(see r<?l, H.). Connection with L. crudelis, 
cruel, crudns, crude, etc., is improbable: see 
crude, cruel. Hence ult. rutfi.J I. trans. It. 
To cause to grieve ; make repentant, compas- 
sionate, or sorrowful; afflict: often used im- 
personally with a personal pronoun. 
Bot we find thi tales trew, 
Ful sare it sail thi seluen rew. 
Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 85. 
By seint Thomas ! 
Me reweth score of hende Nicolas. 
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 276. 
Deare dame, your suddein overthrow 
Much rueth me. Spenser, F. Q., I. ii. 21. 
2. To repent of; feel remorse for; regret; 
hence, to suffer in expiation of: as, to rue 
one's folly or mistakes. 
France, thou shalt rue this treason with thy tears, 
If Talbot but survive thy treachery. 
Shak., I Hen. ^ I., iii. 2. 36. 
I came 
Breathing self-murder, frenzy, spite, 
To rue my guilt in endless flame. 
M. Arnold, St Brandan. 
3. To feel sorrow or suffering on account of ; 
suffer from or by; experience loss or injury 
from. 
Oonys he bad me " go, foule Sathan ! " 
Euere-more that repreef y rewe. 
Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. a.), p. 47. 
Orphans, for their parents' timeless death, 
shall rue the hour that ever thou wast born. 
Shalt., 3 Hen. VI., v. 6. 43. 
I am bound to rue such knaves as you. 
The Kiiujs Dwyuise (Child's Ballads, V. 377). 
Whose Crowns lay all before his Helmet broke; 
Whose lopped Sceptres ru'd his faulchion's stroke. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, v. 84. 
4. To have or take pity on; feel sorry for; 
compassionate. 
Al folk hem mijte reu-e 
That loueden hem so trewe. 
Nu bene hi bothe dede. 
King Horn (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1521. 
Who shall him reir that swimming in the maine 
Will die for thirst, and water doth refuse? 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vl. 17. 
Victorious Titus, rue the tears I shed. 
Shale., Tit. And., i. 1. 106. 
5. To repent of and withdraw, or try to with- 
draw, from : as, to me a bargain. See rue-bar- 
t/aiii. [Colloq.] 
II. inlrans. 1. To be sorrowful ; experience 
grief or harm ; suffer; mourn. 
jit muste y rue til that he rise, 
(juia amore langueo. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 148. 
Come the three corners of the world in arms, 
And we shall shock them. Nought shall make us rue, 
If England to itself do rest but true. 
Shale., K. John, v. 7. 117 
