rugged 
His well-proportion '<i heard made rough and nigged, 
Like to the summer's corn by tempests lodged. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 2. 17r>. 
Some of them have Jackets made of Plantain-leaves, 
which was as rough as any Bear's skin ; I never saw such 
rugged Things. Darnpier, Voyages, I. 427. 
Like tears dried up with rugged huckaback, 
That sets the mournful visage All awrack. 
Hood, Irish Schoolmaster, St. 20. 
2. Covered with rough projections ; broken 
into sharp or irregular points or prominences; 
rough ; uneven : as, a rugged mountain ; rugged 
rocks. 
The Wheel of Life no less will stay 
In a smooth thiin rugged way. 
Cowley, Anacreontics, ix. 
Nooks and dells, beautiful as fairy land, are embosomed 
in its most rugged and gigantic elevations. 
JHacaulay, Milton. 
Vast rocks, against whose rugged feet 
Beats the mad torrent with perpetual roar. 
Whittitr, Bridal of Pennacook, Int. 
3. Wrinkled; furrowed; corrugated; hence, 
ruffled; disturbed; nneasy. 
The rugged forehead that with grave foresight 
Welds kingdomes causes and affaires of state. 
Spenser, V. Q., IV., Prol. 
Gentle my lord, sleek o'er your rugged looks ; 
Be bright and jovial among your guests to-night, 
Shale., Macbeth, iii. 2. 27. 
The most deplorable-looking personage you can imagine ; 
his face the colour of mahogany, rough and rugged to the 
last degree, all lines and wrinkles. 
Jane Austen, Persuasion, iii. 
4. Bough to the ear ; harsh ; grating. 
But ah ! my rymes too rude and rugged arre 
When in so high an object they do lyte. 
Spenser, V. Q., III. ii. 3. 
Colkitto, or Macdonnel, orGalasp? 
Those rugyed names to our like mouths grow sleek. 
Mtiton, Sonnets, vi. 
5. Uiisoftened by refinement or cultivation; 
rude; homely; unpolished; ignorant. 
Even Frederic William, with all his rugged Saxon preju- 
dices, thought it necessary that his children should know 
French. Macaula}/, Frederic the Great. 
Deafen'd by his own stir, 
The rugged labourer 
Caught not till then a sense . . . 
Of his omnipotence. 
M. Arnold, The World and the Quietlst. 
6. Bough in temper; harsh; hard; austere. 
Signior Alphonso, you are too nigged to her, 
Believe, too full of harshness. 
Fletcher, Pilgrim, i. 1. 
Stern rugged nurse ! thy rigid lore 
With patience many a year she bore : 
What sorrow was, thou bud'st her know. 
Gray, Hymn to Adversity. 
7. Marked by harshness, severity, or anger; 
fierce; rough; ungentle. 
Though he be stubborn, 
And of a rugged nature, yet he is honest. 
Fletcher, Wife for a Month, v. 1. 
With words of sadness soothed his rugged mood. 
Shelley, Revolt of Islam, v. 25. 
8. Bough; tempestuous: said of the sea or 
weather. 
Every gust of rugged wings 
That blows from off each beaked promontory. 
Milton, Lycidas, 1. 0;!. 
A rough sea, accompanied with blowing weather, is 
termed by whalers "rugged weather." 
C. M. Scammon, Marine Mammals (Glossary), p. 311. 
9. Vigorous; robust; strong in health. [Col- 
loq., U. S.] 
I'm getting along in life, and I ain't quite so rugged as 
I used to be. 0. W. Holmes, Poet at Breakfast-Table, xii. 
ruggedly (rug'ed-li), adv. In a rough or rugged 
manner; especially, with harshness or sever- 
ity ; sternly ; rigorously. 
Some spake tome courteously, with appearance of com- 
passion ; others ruggedly, with evident tokens of wrath 
and scorn. T. Ellwood, Life (ed. Howells), p. 244. 
ruggedness (rug'ed-nes), n. The character or 
state of being rugged. 
rugging (rug'ing), w. [< nif/l + -wiff 1 .] 1. 
Heavy napped cloth for making rugs, wrapping 
blankets, etc. 2. A coarse cloth used for the 
body of horse-boots. 
rug-gownt (rug'goun), n. [Also rudge-gowH ; < 
)(/! + gnwtt.] One who wears a gown of rug; 
hence, a low person. 
Thousands of monsters more besides there be 
Which I. fast hoodwink'd, at that time did see ; 
And in a word to shut up this discourse, 
A nutg^fownt ribs are good to spur a horse. 
Witts Recreations (1654). (If ares. ) 
rug-gowned (rug'gound), n. Wearing a gown 
made of rug, or coarse nappy friiv.c. 
I had rather meet 
An enemy in the licld than stand thus nodding 
Like to ii rug-iiMi-n'il watchman. 
t'Mchcr (and another ?), Prophetess, ii. 2. 
5263 
ruggy (rug'i), a. [< ME. ritggy, < Sw. ruggig. 
rough, hairy, rugged, < ritgg, rough hair: see 
r*ff*, and cf. rugged.] Bugged; rough ; uneven. 
With flotery berd and ruggy asshy heeres. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 2025. 
It 's a mighty ruggy trail, Mister, up the Shasta Moun- 
tain. Scenes in the Far West, p. 119, quoted in De Vere's 
[Americanisms, p. 536. 
rug-headed (rug'hed"ed), a. Shock-headed. 
Now for our Irish wars ; 
We must supplant those rough rug-headed kerns, 
Which live like venom where no venom else 
But only they have privilege to live. 
Shak., Rich. II., ii. 1. 156. 
rugint, . See rugine. 
rugine (ro"jin), n. [Formerly also rugin; < F. 
rugine, a surgeons' scraper or rasp; perhaps < 
L. runcina, a plane, = Or. pvnavn, a plane.] 1. 
A surgeons' rasp. 2f. A nappy cloth. John- 
son. 
The lips grew so painful that she could not endure the 
wiping the ichor from it with a soft rugin with her own 
hand. Wiseman, Surgery. 
rugine (ro'jin), r. t. ; pret. and pp. mgined, 
ppr. rugining. [< F. ruginer, scrape, < rugine, 
a scraper: seerngine, /.] 1. To scrape with a 
rugine. 2f. To wipe with a rugine or nappy 
cloth. 
Where you shall find it moist, there you are to rugine it. 
Wiseman, Surgery, v. 9. 
Rugpsa (rij-go'sa), . pi- [NL. (Edwards and 
Haime, 1850), neut. pi. of L. rugosns, full of 
wrinkles : see rugose.] An order or other group 
of sclerodermatous stone-corals, exhibiting te- 
tramerous arrangement of parts and a well- 
developed corallum, with true theces and gen- 
erally septa and tabulae ; the rugose corals. The 
septa are mostly in multiples of four, and one septum 
is commonly predominant or represented by a vacant fos- 
sula. Some of the Rugosa are simple, others compound. 
All are extinct. They have been divided into the families 
Cyathophyllida, Zaphrentidse, and Cystiphyllidx. Stauri- 
dte and Cyathaxonidte, formerly referred to the group, are 
now considered to be aporose corals. 
rugose (ro'gos), a. [< L. rugosus, wrinkled: see 
rugous.] 1. Having rugee; rugate or rugous; 
corrugated; wrinkled. 
The internal rugose coat of the intestine. 
Wiseman, Surgery. 
Above you the woods climb up to the clouds, a prodi- 
gious precipitous surface of burning green, solid and ru- 
gose like a cliff. Harper's Mag. , LXXVII. 334. 
2. In bot., rough and wrinkled: applied to 
leaves in which the reticulate venation is very 
prominent beneath, with corresponding creases 
on the upper side, and also to lichens, algje, etc., 
in which the surface is reticulately roughened. 
3. Specifically, of orpertainingto the Kugosa. 
rugosely (ro'gos-li), mh\ 1. In a rugose man- 
ner; with wrinkles. 2. In eulom., roughly 
and intricately; so as to present a rugose ap- 
pearance : as, rngosely punctured. 
rugosity (rp-gos'i-ti), n. ; pi, rugosities (-tiz). 
[= OF. rtujosite, F. rugosite = Pr. rugoxitat = 
Sp. mgoaidad = Pg. rugosidnde = It. rugosita, 
< L. rugositu(t-)s, the state of being wrinkled: 
see rugose.] 1. The state or property of being 
rugose, corrugated, or wrinkled. 
In many cases the wings of an insect not only assume 
the exact tint of the bark or leaf it is accustomed to rest 
on, but the form and veining of the leaf or the exact ru- 
gosity of the bark is imitated. 
A. R. Wallace, Nat. Select., p. 48. 
2. A wrinkle or corrugation. 
An Italian Oak . . . wrinkles its hark into strange ru- 
gosities, from which its first scattered sprouts of yellow 
green seem to break out like a morbid fungus. 
H. James. Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 162. 
rugOUS (ro'gus), a. [= OF. (and F.) rugueux 
= Pr. rugox = Sp. Pg. It. rugoso, < L. rngonus, 
wrinkled, < ruga, a wrinkle: seo r //.] Same 
as rugose. 
In the rhinoceros . . . the trachea has thirty-one rings : 
they are close-set, cleft behind, the ends meeting; the 
lining membrane is longitudinally rugous., as is that of 
the bronchial ramifications for some way into the lung. 
Owen, Anat., 354. 
rugulose (ro'gu-los), a. [< NL. "riigulosna, 
full of small wrinkles, < "rugula, dim. of L. 
ruf/d, a wrinkle: see ruga.] Finely rugose; 
full of little wrinkles. 
Ruhmkorff coil. A form of induction-coil or 
iudiictorium (see induction-coil) : so called be- 
ciiuse constructed by H. D. Buhmkorff (1803- 
1877). 
ruin (ro'in), ii. [Early mod. E. mine, mi/nc; < 
ME. mine. < OF. mine, F. ruine = Pr. roinu, 
ruhi/i = Sp. Pg. niiiia = It. roriiui, rniixi = Or. 
D. ruine = Dan. Sw. ruin, < L. ruiiiti. over- 
throw, ruin, < i-Mfi-e, fall down, tumble, sink in 
ruin 
ruin, rush.] If. The act of falling or tumbling 
down; violent fall. 
Immediately it fell ; and the nan of that house was 
great. Luke vi. 49. 
His ruin startled the other steeds. 
Chapman. (Imp. Diet.) 
2. A violent or profound change of a thing, 
such as to unfit it for use, destroy its value, or 
living it to an end; overthrow; downfall; col- 
lapse; wreck, material or moral: as, the ruin 
of a government ; the ruin of health ; financial 
ruin. 
A flattering mouth worketh ruin. Prov. xxvi. 28. 
And spread they shall be, to thy foul disgrace, 
And utter ruin of the house of York. 
Shall., 3 Hen. VI., i. 1. 254. 
Priam's powers and Priam's self shall fall, 
And one prodigious ruin swallow all. 
Pope, Iliad, iv. 199. 
3. That which promotes injury, decay, or de- 
struction ; bane. 
And he said. Because the gods of the kings of Syria help 
them, therefore will I sacrifice to them that they may help 
me. But they were the ruin of him and of all Israel. 
2 Chron. xxviii. 23. 
Staumrel, corky-headed, graceless gentry, 
The herrynient and ruin of the country. 
Burns, Brigs of Ayr. 
4. That which has undergone overthrow, down- 
fall, or collapse j anything, as a building, in a 
state of destruction, wreck, or decay ; hence, in 
the plural, the fragments or remains of any- 
thing overthrown or destroyed: as, the ruins of 
former beauty; the ruins of Nineveh. 
This Jaff was Sumtyme a grett Citee, as it appereth by 
the Ruyne of the same. 
Torkinglmi, Diarie of Eng. Travel!, p. 24. 
Thou art the ruins of the noblest man 
That ever lived in the tide of times. 
Shak.,J. C., Iii. 1. 256. 
Through your ruins hoar and gray 
Ruins, yet beauteous in decay 
The silvery moonbeams trembling fly. 
Burns, Ruins of Lincluden Abbey. 
Alas, poor Clifford ! . . . You are partly crazy, and part- 
ly imbecile ; a ruin, a failure, as almost everybody is. 
Haifthorne, Seven Gables, x. 
5. The state of being ruined, decayed, de- 
stroyed, or rendered worthless. 
Repair thy wit, good youth, or it will fall 
To cureless ruin. Shak., M. of V., iv. 1. 142. 
Princely counsel in his face yet shone, 
.Majestic, though in ruin. Milton, P. L., ii. 3ns. 
It was the Conservative, or rather the Agrarian, party 
which brought this bill to ruin. 
Contemporary Rev., L. 285. 
= Syn. 2. Subversion, wreck, shipwreck, prostration. 
ruin (ro'in), r. [= F. miner, F. dial, rouiner 
=. Pr. reunar = Sp. minor (Pg. amiinar) = It. 
rorinare, ruinrire = D. rninercn = (5. ruiniren = 
Dan. ruinere = Sw. rninera, ruin. < ML. minare, 
ruin, fall in ruin, < L. ruina, ruin: see ruin, n.] 
1. trans. 1. To bring to ruin; cause the down- 
fall, overthrow, or collapse of; damage essen- 
tially and irreparably; wreck the material or 
moral well-being of ; demolish; subvert; spoil; 
undo: as, to ruin a city or a government; to 
HH'H commerce; to ruin one's health or repu- 
tation. 
Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen. Isa. iii. 8. 
Mark but my fall, and that that ruin'd me. 
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition. 
Shale., Hen. VIII., ill. 2. 440. 
All men that are ruined are ruined on the side of their 
natural propensities. Burke, A Regicide Peace, i. 
The rain has ruined the ungrown corn. 
Swinburne, Triumph of Time 
2. Specifically, to bring to financial ruin ; re- 
duce to a state of bankruptcy or extreme pov- 
erty. 
The freeman is not to be amerced in a way that, will ruin 
him ; the penalty is to be fixed by a jury of his neighbour- 
hood. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 155. 
= Syn. 1. To destroy, overthrow, overturn, overwhelm. 
2. To impoverish. 
II. intrnns. 1. To fall headlong and with vio- 
lence; rush furiously downward. [Bare.] 
Headlong themselves they threw 
Down from the verge of heaven ; . . . 
Hell heard the insufferable noise ; hell saw 
Heaven ruining from heaven. 
Hiltnn, f. L., vi. 868. 
Tom-tits of her myriad universe, 
Ruining along the illimitable inane, 
Fly on to clash together ngain. 
Tennyson, Lucretius. 
2. To fall into ruins; run to ruin; fall into de- 
cay; be dilapidated. 
Though he his house of polish'd marble build, . . . 
Yet shall it rm'n like the moth's frail cell. 
Sandys, Paraphrase upon Job, xxvii. 
