sacra 
acs; it represents, however, the real continuation of the 
abdominal aorta, and is much larger in some animals. 
sacral 1 (sa'kral), a. and . [< NL. sacrum + -al.] 
I. a. Of or pertaining to the sacrum. Sacral 
angle, the saliency of the sacral prominence ; the acute 
angle, presenting anteriorly, between the base of the sa- 
crum and the body of the last lumbar vertebra, specially 
marked in man. Sacral arteries, arteries distributed to 
the anterior surface of the sacrum and the coccyx. Lateral 
gacral arteries, usually two in number on each side, arising 
from the posterior division of the internal iliac. Middle 
sacral artery, or sacromedian artery, a branch arising from 
the furcation of the aorta, and a vestige of the primitive 
condition of that vessel, descending along the middle line 
to terminate in Luschka's gland. Also called sacra. 
Sacralcanal. Seecojurfi. Sacral cornua. Seecornuo 
oj 'the sacrum, under cornu. Sacral curve or curvature, 
the curved long axis of the sacrum, concentric with that 
of the true pelvis. It varies much in different individuals, 
and differs in the two sexes. Sacral flexure, the curve 
of the rectum corresponding to the concavity of the sacrum 
and coccyx. Sacral foramina. See foramen. Sacral 
ganglia. See ganglion. Sacral glands, four or five 
lymphatic glands lying in the hollow of the sacrum, in the 
folds of the mesorectum behind the rectum. Sacral In- 
dex, the ratio of the breadth to the length of the sacrum 
multiplied by 100. Sacral plexus. Seeplexus. Sacral 
prominence or protuberance, the promontory of the 
sacrum. Sacral rib. See ribi . Sacral veins, the venie 
comites of the sacral arteries. The lateral sacral veins 
form, by their communication with one another and with 
the two middle sacral s, a plexus over the anterior surface of 
the sacrum. The middle sacral veins are two veins which 
follow the coarse of the middle sacral artery, and terminate 
in the left common iliac vein or at the junction of the ili- 
acs. Sacral vertebra, those vertebrae which unite to 
form a sacrum, usually five in number in man. They 
range in number from the fewest possible (two) to more 
than twenty. In animals with the higher numbers, espe- 
cially birds, many of these ankylosed bones are really bor- 
rowed from other parts of the spinal column ; they are 
collectively known as false sacral vertebrae, and distinc- 
tively as lunibosacral and urosacral. (See these words, and 
sacrariumZ.) In a few mammals (cetaceans and sireni- 
ans, without hind limbs), many reptiles (serpents, etc.), 
and most fishes, no sacral vertebrae are recognizable as 
such. See cuts under spine, sacrum, and sacrariumZ. 
II. n. A sacral vertebra. Abbreviated S. 
sacralgia (sa-kral'ji-ii), . [NL., < sacrum + 
Gr. a'A 
crum. 
kral ji 
a.] P 
Gr. a'Ayof, pain.] Pain in the region of the sa- 
sacrament (sak'ra-ment), n. [< ME. sacra- 
ment, sacrement, <? OF. sacrament, sagrament, 
sacrement, an oath, consecration, F. sacrement, 
consecration, OF. vernacularly sairement, sere- 
men t, serrement, F. serment, an oath, = Pr. 
sagramen, sacrament, serment = Sp. Pg. sacra- 
mento = It. sacramento, sagramento = D. G. 
Dan. Sw. sakrament, < L. sacramentum, an en- 
gagement, military oath, LL.(eccles.) a mystery, 
sacrament, < sacrare, dedicate, consecrate, ren- 
der saered or solemn : see sacrel.] If. An oath 
of obedience and fidelity taken by Eoman sol- 
diers on enlistment; hence, any oath, solemn 
engagement, or obligation, or ceremony that 
binds or imposes obligation. 
Hereunto the Lord addeth the Rainbow, a new Sacra- 
ment, to seale his mercifull Couenant with the earth, not 
to drowne the same any more. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 42. 
Now sure this doubtfull causes right 
Can hardly but by Sacrament be tride. 
Spenser, F. Q., V. L 25. 
There cannot be 
A fitter drink to make this sanction in. 
Here I begin the sacrament to all. 
B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1. 
2. In theol., an outward and visible sign of in- 
ward and spiritual grace ; more particularly, a 
solemn religious ceremony enjoined by Christ, 
or by the church, for the spiritual benefit of 
the church or of individual Christians, by which 
their special relation to him is created or fresh- 
ly recognized, or their obligations to him are 
renewed and ratified. In the Eoman Catholic Church 
and the Greek Church there are seven sacraments name- 
ly, baptism, confirmation, the eucharist, penance, holy 
orders, matrimony, and (in the Roman Catholic Church) 
extreme unction or (in the Greek Church) unction of the 
sick. Protestants in general acknowledge but two sacra- 
ments, baptism and the Lord's Supper. The difference of 
view as to the value or significance of sacraments is more 
important than the difference as to their true number. 
In general it may be said that there are three opinions 
respecting them : (a) that the sacrament is a means of 
grace acting directly upon the heart and life, "a sure and 
certain means to bring peace to our souls " (Bishop Hay, 
Sincere Christian) ; (&) that the sacrament, though not 
in itself the means of grace, is nevertheless a solemn rati- 
fication of a covenant between God and the individual 
soul ; (c) that the sacrament is simply a visible repre- 
sentation of something spiritual and invisible, and that 
the spiritual or invisible reality may be wanting, in which 
case the symbol is without spiritual value or significance. 
The flrst view is held by the Roman Catholics, the Greeks, 
and some in the Anglican communion ; the second by most 
Protestants; the third by the Zwinglians, the Socinians, 
and, in modern times, by some of the orthodox churches, 
especially of the Congregational denominations. The Qua- 
kers, or Friends, reject altogether the doctrine of the sac- 
raments. 
In a word, Sacraments are God's secrets, discovered to 
none but his own people. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v., App. 1. 
5293 
The Fathers, by an elegant expression, call the blessed 
Sacraments the extension of the Incarnation. 
Jer. Taylor, Worthy Communicant, i. 2. 
Nothing tends more to unite mens hearts than joyning 
together in the same Prayers and Sacraments. 
Stillinffjleet, Sermons, II. vi. 
3. The eucharist, or Lord's Supper: used with 
the definite article, and without any qualifying 
word. 
There offred flrst Melchisedeche Bred and Wyn to oure 
Lord, in tokene of the Sacrement that was to comene. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 87. 
The Bishop carried the Sacrament, even his consecrated 
wafer cake, betwixt the Images of two golden Angels. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 38, sig. D. 
Adoration of the blessed sacrament. See adoration. 
Benediction of the blessed sacrament. See ben- 
edicHon. Ecclesiastical sacraments, confirmation, 
penance, orders, matrimony, and unction (of the sick). 
Also called lesser sacraments. Exposition of the sac- 
rament. See exposition. Sacrament of the altar, the 
eucharist. 
sacrament (sak'ra-ment), v. t. [< sacrament, n.] 
To bind by an oath. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
When desperate men have sacramented themselves to 
destroy, God can prevent and deliver. 
Abp. Laud, Works, p. 86. 
A few people at convenient distance, no matter how bad 
company these, and these only, shall be your life's nun 
panions : and all those who are native, congenial, and by 
many an oath of the heart sacramented to you, are gradu- 
ally and totally lost. Emerson, Prose Works, II. 461. 
sacramental (sak-ra-men'tal), a. and n. [< 
ME. sacramental, < OF. (ancl F.) sacramental, 
sacramentel = Sp. Pg. sacramental It. sacra- 
mentale, < LL. sacramentalis, sacramental, < L. 
sacramentum, an engagement, oath, sacrament : 
see sacrament.'] I. a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or 
constituting a sacrament; of the nature of a 
sacrament; used in the sacrament: as, sacra- 
mental rites or elements; sacramental union. 
My soul is like a bird, . . . daily fed 
With sacred wine and sacramental bread. 
Quarles, Emblems, v. 10. 
But as there is a sacramental feeding and a spiritual 
feeding, and as the spiritual is the nobler of the two, and 
of chief concern, ... I conceive it will be proper to treat 
of this flrst. Waterland, Works, VII. 101. 
2. Bound or consecrated by a sacrament or 
oath. 
And trains, by ev'ry rule 
Of holy discipline, to glorious war 
The sacramental host of God's elect ! 
Coutper, Task, ii. 349. 
3. In anc. Bom. law, of or pertaining to the 
pledges deposited by the parties to a cause be- 
fore entering upon litigation. 
He [the alien] could not sue by the Sacramental Action, 
a mode of litigation of which the origin mounts up to the 
very infancy of civilisation. Maine, Ancient Law, p. 48. 
Sacramental communion, communion by actual bodily 
manducation of the eucharistic elements or species : dis- 
tinguished from spiritual communion, or communion in 
will and intention at times when the communicant is un- 
able or ritually unfitted to communicate sacramentally. 
Sacramental confession. See confession. 
II. n. 1 . A rite analogous to but not includ- 
ed among the recognized sacraments. 
At Ester tyme, all the prestes of the same Gilde, with 
dyuers other, be not sufficient to mynyster the sacramentes 
and sacramentalles vnto the seyde peaple. 
English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 247. 
It [the baptism of John] was a sacramental disposing to 
the baptism and faith of Christ. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 95. 
Sums of money were allowed by the ordinaries to be 
exacted by the parsons, vicars, curates, and parish priests 
even for the sacraments and sacramentals of Holy Cnurch, 
which were sometimes denied until the payment was 
made. R. W. Dixon, Hist. Church of Eng., ii. 
2. pi. Certain instruments or materials used in 
a sacrament, or ceremonies connected with a 
sacrament. 
These words, cup and testament, ... be sacramentals. 
Bp. Morton, Discharge of Imputation, p. 80. (Latham.) 
sacramentalism (sak-ra-men'tal-izm), n. [< 
sacramental + -ism.'] The doctrine that there 
is in the sacraments themselves by Christ's in- 
stitution a direct spiritual efficacy to confer 
grace upon the recipient. 
sacramentalist (sak-ra-men'tal-ist), n. [< sac- 
ramental + -i*f.] One who holds the doctrine 
of sacramentalism. 
sacramentally (sak-ra-men'tal-i), adv. After 
the manner of a sacrament. 
sacramentarian (sak"ra-men-ta'ri-an), a. and 
n. [< saeramentary +"-o.] I. a" 1. Sacra- 
mentary; pertaining to a sacrament or sacra- 
ments. 2. Pertaining to sacramentarians. 
In practice she [the Church of England] gives larger 
scope than the Presbyterian Churches to the sacramenta- 
rian principle. Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 165. 
II. n. If. One who holds that the sacraments 
are mere outward signs not connected with any 
, In Bom. antiq.: (a) Any sa- 
Am. 
sacration 
spiritual grace. In the sixteenth century this name 
was given by the Lutherans and afterward by English re- 
formers to the Zwinglians and Calvinists. 
2. A sacramentalist. 
sacramentarianism(sak"ra-men-ta'ri-an-izm), 
re. [< sacramentarian + -ism.'] Sacramenta- 
rian doctrine and practices : often used oppro- 
briously to indicate extreme views with refer- 
ence to the nature, value, and efficacy of the 
sacraments. 
His account of the advance of sacerdotalism and mcra- 
mentarianism. Atheneeum, No. 2863, p. 335. 
saeramentary (sak-ra-men'ta-ri), a. and . 
[= F. sacramcntaire = Sp. Pg. It. sacramenta- 
rio, n. ; < ML. *sacramentarius, adj., as a noun 
sacramentarius, a sacramentarian, sacramen- 
tarium, a service-book, < LL. sacramentum, sac- 
rament: see sacrament.] I. a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to a sacrament or sacraments. 2. Of 
or pertaining to sacramentarians. 
II. .; pi. sacramentaries (-riz). 1. An office- 
book formerly in use, containing the rites and 
prayers connected with the several sacraments 
(the eucharist, baptism, penance, orders, etc.) 
and other rites. The Greek euchology is a 
similar book. See missal. 
The Western, as compared with the Oriental Sacramen- 
taries, have been remarkable in all ages for the boldness 
with which the disposition of the several parts has been 
varied. /(. W. Dixon, Hist. Church of Eng., xv. 
2f. Same as sacramentarian, 1. 
It seemeth therefore much amiss that against them 
whom they term Sacramentaries so many invective dis- 
courses are made. Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 67. 
Gelasian, Gregorian, Leonine Saeramentary. See 
the adjectives. 
sacramentizet (sak'ra-men-tiz), v. t. [< sacra- 
ment + -ize.] To administer the sacraments. 
Ministers made by Presbyterian government in France 
and the Low Countries were owned and acknowledged by 
our Bishops for lawfully ordained for all intents and pur- 
poses, both to preach and sacramentize. 
Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. v. 65. 
sacrarium 1 (sa-kra'ri-um), n. ; pi. sacraria (-a). 
[L., a place for the keeping of sacred things, a 
sacristy, shrine, etc.,^ < sacer, consecrated, sa- 
cred: see sacre 1 .'] 1. 
cred or consecrated 
retired place; any 
place where sacred 
objects were de- 
posited, as that 
connected with the 
Capitoline temple 
where were kept 
the processional 
chariots ; some- 
times, a locality 
where a statue of 
an emperor was 
placed. (6) A sort 
of family chapel in 
private houses, in 
which the images 
of the Penates were 
kept. 2. That part 
of a church where 
the altar is situ- 
i ,] A-I 4. 
atea, tne SanCtU- 
arv* the plinnppl 
,nancei. 
(Sa- 
YY^ T\! 
m), ., pi. 
(-0.). [NL., 
< inmim + nrinm I 
S SUCrum T -armm. J 
In Ornitll., the COm- 
, ,. men. corresponding to the sacrosciatic 
pleX Sacrum OI any notch of a mammal ; the vacuity be- 
VirH r>rTiQisriTifr nf low the acetabulum corresponds to the 
ira, co ting or obeuratorforanlellofaraam ^ nal . 
dorsolumbar or 
lumbosacral and of urosacral vertebrae, as well 
as of sacrals proper. The sacrarium is ankylosed with 
the ilia and these with the ischia, in such manner that 
usually the sacrosciatic interval which exists in a mammal 
is converted into an iliosciatic foramen. Coues. See also 
cuts under epipleura and sacrum. 
sacraryt (sak'ra-ri), . [< ME. sacraryc, < OF. 
sacrairie, sacraire = Sp. Pg. sagrario = It. sa- 
crario, < L. sacrarium, a place for the keeping of 
sacred things : see sacraritimi.] A holy place. 
The purified heart is God's sacrary, his sanctuary, his 
house, his heaven. Ben. T. Adams, Works, I. 259. 
sacratet (sa'krat), v. t. [< L. sacratus, pp. of 
sacrare, dedicate, consecrate: see sacre 1 . Cf. 
consecrate, desecrate, execrate.'] To consecrate. 
The marble of some monument sacrated to learning. 
Waterhouee, Apology (1653), p. 51. 
sacrationt (sa-kra'shon), H. [<LL.soraHo(n-), 
consecration, dedication, < L. sacrare, conse- 
crate: see sacrate.] Consecration. 
Why then should it not as well from this be avoided as 
from the other find a sacration ? Feltham, Resolves. 
Sacranum and Entire Pelvis of a 
Bird (the common fowl). Upper figure, 
side view; lower figure, top view. 
^ sacrarium (in lower figure the let- 
ters at the two ends of it; in upper 
figure Sm points to bodies of dorsolum- 
b | r && ankylosed in the sa- 
crurn);,ilium; A,ischi u m;/>*,p u bis; 
Am ' acetablllum < tne ''"= extends to 
,,. antitrochanter) ; the vacuity behind 
acetabulum is the iliosciatic fora- 
