sam 
ii. xi-iiit-H, (''. xi'i/iieii, bless, = Icel. Sw. xitjua 
= Dan. x/i/iii'. make the sign of the cross upon, 
liless, = OF. neii/ncr, XII/HIT = Pr. xii/nnr, segnar, 
m-Hiir = Sj>. nif/ntir = It. ncj/iiarr, make the sign 
of the cross upon, mark, note, stamp, < L. sig- 
narc, mark, distinguish, sign, ML. make the 
sign of the eross upon, bless, < sir/niim, a sign 
(> AS. gegen, a sign, standard, etc.): see siijn, 
n., and cf. sign, r., a doublet of wmi 1 .] To 
bless with the sign of the cross; bless so as 
to protect from evil influence. [Obsolete or 
Scotch.] 
Nade he tayned hym-self, segge, hot thrye, 
Er he watz war in the wod of a won in a mote. 
Sir Gatvayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 73. 
The truth ye'll tell to me, Tamlane ; 
A word ye mauna lie ; 
Gin e'er ye was in haly chapel, 
Or mined in Christentie ? 
The Young Tamlane (Child's Ballads, I. 119). 
My stepmither put on my claithes, 
An' ill, ill, sained she me. 
Tam-a-Line (Child's Ballads, I. 2B1). 
sain' 2 t, sainet. Forms of the past participle of 
say 1 , conformed to original strong participles 
like lain. 
sainfoin (san'foin), n. [Also saintfoin; < F. 
sain-fain, older sainctfoin, saintfoin, appar. < 
saint (< L. sanctus), holy, + foin (< 'L.fcenum), 
hay : see saint 1 , fennel, 
and fenugreek ; otherwise 
(the form sainfoin being 
then orig. ) < sain, sound, 
wholesome (< L. sanns, 
sound : see sane 1 ), + foin, 
hay. In this vie wPg. san- 
feno is adapted from the 
F. ; the word does not ap- 
pear in Sp. or It. ] A per- 
ennial herb, Onobrychis 
saliva, native in temper- 
ate Europe and part of 
Asia, and widely culti- 
vated in Europe as a for- 
age-plant. It is suitable 
for pasturage, especially for 
sheep, and makes a good hay. 
It prefers light, dry, calcareous 
soils, and will thrive in places 
where clover fails. It has been 
introduced into the United 
States under the corrupt name 
asperset [F. esparcet, G. espar- 
sette]. Also cockshead, French 
grass, and hen's-bill. 
Saint 1 (8nt), a. and n. The lower part of the stein 
r X^IT-I - _. j with the leaves, a, the pod 
[< ME. Saint, Saynt, Setllt, with the persistent calyx. 
seynt, sant, sont, < OF. 
saint, seint, sainet, m., sancte, sainte, f., F. saint, 
m., sainte, f., = Pr. sanct, sant, san, m., santa, 
f., = Sp. santo, san, m., santa, f., = Pg. santo, 
sdo, m., santa, f., = It. santo, san, m., santa, f., 
holy, sacred, as a noun a saint (= AS. sanct 
= D. sant = G. sankt, sanct = Dan. Sw. sankt, 
saint), < L. sanctus, holy, consecrated, LL. as 
a noun a saint, prop. pp. of sancire, render sa- 
cred, make holy, akin to sacer, holy, sacred : see 
sacre 1 . Cf. Skt. / sanj, adhere, sakta, attached, 
devoted. From the same L. verb are ult. E. 
sanction, sanctify, sanctimony, etc. Cf. corpo- 
sant, corsaint.'} I. a. Holy; sacred: only in 
attributive use, and now only before proper 
names, as Saint John, Saint Paul, Saint Augus- 
tine, or quasi-proper names, as Saint Saviour, 
Saint Sophia (Holy Wisdom), Saint Cross, Saint 
Sepulcher (in names of churches), where it is 
usually regarded as a noun appositive, a qnasi- 
title. See II., 3. 
And sle me first, for seynte charitee. 
Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 863. 
It shall here-after be declared how that she was discesed 
of the seint Graal and wher-fore, and how the aventures 
of the seynt Graal were brought to flu. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 229. 
II. . 1. One who has been consecrated or 
set apart to the service of God: applied in the 
Old Testament to the Israelites as a people 
(Ps. cxxxii. 9 ; compare Num. xvi. 3), and in the 
New Testament to all members of the Christian 
churches (2 Cor. i. 1). 
Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and 
Timothy our brother, unto the church of God which is at 
Corinth, with all the saints which are in all Achaia. 
2 Cor. i. 1. 
2. One who is pure and upright in heart and 
life ; henee, in Scriptural and Christian usage, 
one who has been regenerated and sanctified 
by the Spirit of God ; one of the redeemed : ap- 
Elied to them both in their earthly and in their 
eavenly state; also used of persons of other 
religions: as, a Buddhist xaiut. 
i. The inflorescence of sain- 
foin (Onobrychis safiva). 
Thau thei seyn that tho ben Sei/ntes, lie cause that thci 
slowen hemself of here owne gode wille for love of hen 1 
Ydole. Mandeville, Travels, p. 17H. 
All faithful Christ's people, that believe in him faith- 
fully, are saint* and holy. 
Latimer, Sermons (Parker Soc.), p. 507. 
In her was found the blood of prophets, and of saint*, 
and of all that were slain upon the earth. Rev. xviii. 24. 
3. One who is eminent for consecration, holi- 
ness, and piety in life and character; specifi- 
cally, one who is generally or officially recog- 
nized as an example of holiness of life, and to 
whose name it is customary to prefix Saint (ab- 
breviated St. or S.) as a title. The persons so hon- 
ored were, in the earlier centuries, the Virgin, the apostles 
and martyrs, and others commemorated in the diptychs 
or recognized by public opinion. In later tunes the pro- 
cess of canonization or beatification became a matter of 
strict regulation by papal or patriarchal authority in the 
Roman Catholic and Greek churches. Saints are classed 
in calendars by their rank, as apostles, bishops, archbish- 
ops, priestfl, deacons, kings, etc., and also as martyrs, con- 
fessors, and virgins. The title of mint is also given to 
angels, as St. Michael, St. Gabriel, St. Raphael. In the 
phrases given below many diseases will be found named 
from those saints whose intercession was especially sought 
for their cure. When saint is used before a person's name 
as a quasi-title (originally an adjective), it is commonly 
abbreviated St. ; but such names, and surnames and local 
names derived from them, are properly alphabeted under 
the full form saint. 
We have decided and denned the Blessed Francis de 
Sales, Bishop of Geneva, to be a Saint, and have inscribed 
him on the catalogue of the Sainti. 
Bull of Alexander VII. concerning St. Francis de Sales 
[(1665), quoted in Cath. Diet., p. 114. 
Any one writing on ecclesiastical history ought to know 
that the British and Saxon saints were not canonized, but 
acquired the name of saint not directly from Rome, but 
from the voice of the people of their own neighbourhood. 
N. and Q., 7th ser., IX. 319. 
4. An angel. 
The Lord came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto 
them ; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came 
with ten thousands of mints. Deut. xxxiii. 2. 
5. One of the blessed dead: distinguished from 
the angels, who are superhuman beings. 
We therefore pray thee, help thy servants. . . . Make 
them to be numbered with thy Saints in glory everlast- 
ing. Book of Common Prayer, Te Deum. 
Holy ! holy ! holy ! all the saints adore thee, 
Casting down their golden crowns around the glassy sea. 
Heber, Holy ! holy ! holy ! Lord God Almighty. 
6. An image of a saint. 
No silver saints by dying misers given 
Here bribed the rage of ill-requited Heaven. 
Pope, Eloisa to Abelard, 1. 137. 
All Saints' day, a feast of all martyrs and saints, observed 
as early as the fourth century. In the Greek Church it 
occurs on the first Sunday after Pentecost ; in the Latin 
Church at first observed on the 13th of May, since Pope 
Gregory III. on the 1st of November. Also called All- 
saints. Christians of St. John. See Mand&an, 1. 
Common of the Saints. See common. Communion 
of saints, the spiritual fellowship of all true believers, 
both living and dead, mystically united with each other in 
Christ their head. Cross of St. George, of St. James, 
of St. Julian, of St. Patrick. See crossi. Herb of St. 
Martin. See herb. Intercession of saints. See in- 
tercession. Invocation of saints. See invocation. 
Knights of the Order of St. Crispin. See knight. 
Latter-day Saints, the name assumed by the people 
popularly called Mormons. See Mormon^. 
For thus shall my Church be called in the last days ; 
even the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 
Mormon Catechism, p. 14. 
Lion of St. Mark. See limi. Nativity of a saint, na- 
tivity of St. John Baptist. See nativity. Oratory of 
St. Philip Nerl. See oratory. Order of St. Andrew, 
St. George, St. Michael, etc. See order. Patron saint, 
a saint who is regarded as a protector, a guardian, or a 
favorer : as, St. Genevieve, the patron saint of Paris ; St. 
Cecilia, the patron saint of music ; St. George is the patron 
saint of England, St. Andrew of Scotland, St. Patrick of Ire- 
land, St. Denys of France. Perseverance of the saints. 
See perseverance*. Proper of Saints. See proper. St. 
Agatha's disease, disease of the mamma?. St. Ag- 
nes's flower, the snowflake (Leucomm). St. Aignon's 
disease, tinea. St. Andrew's cross, (a) See crossi, 1, 
and saltier. (6) A North American shrub, Ascyrum Crux 
Andrea. St. Andrew's day. See daj/i. St. Ann's 
bark. Same as Santa, Ana bark (which see, under bark'-*). 
St. Anthony's cross. See crossi, 1. St. Anthony's 
fire, (a) Epidermic gangrene, as in ergotism. (6) Ery- 
sipelas. St. Anthony's nut, the pignut or hawknut: 
so called because St. Anthony was the patron of pigs. 
St. Anthony's rape or turnip. See turnip. St. Apol- 
lonia's disease, pains in the jaw, accompanied by tooth- 
ache. St. Audrey's necklace, a string of holy stones 
or "fairy beads." St. Augustine grass, Stenotaphnim 
Americanum, a common coarse grass of Florida, making 
a firm sod, green through the year. [Local name.] St. 
Avertin's disease, epilepsy. St. Barbara's cress or 
herb, the yellow rocket, Barbarea mdgaris. St. Bar- 
naby's thistle. See thistle. St. Bennet's herb, the 
herb-bennet. St. Blase's disease, sore throat; quin- 
sy. st. Bruno's Illy. See Paradixia. St. Cassian 
beds, a division of the Triassic series, particularly well 
developed near St. Cassian in southern Tyrol, and con- 
sisting of calcareous marls, extremely rich in fossils : 
among these are ammonites, orthoceratites, gastropods, 
Iamellibranchs,brachiopods,eehinoilerm8,crinoids, corals, 
and sponges. The fauna "f the Alpine Trias, to which the 
St. Cassian beds belong, is remarkable as presenting a 
saint 
inixluiv of hiU'n/.nir :unl Mrsozoic forms. St. Cath- 
erine's flower, the Nii/ella Damascena. St. Christo- 
pher's herb. Same as herb Christopher.- St. Clair's dis- 
ease, ophthalmia. St. Crispin's day. See Orunt*. 
St. Cuthbert's beads, duck. .See bead, thick*. -St. 
Dabeoc's heath. See heath, -2. St. David's day. See 
dayi . - Saint Distaff's day. See distaf. St. Dorulngo 
duck, Erunnatwra (or Xmaoniix) damitiie.it, a. \\ est Indian 
duck, rarely found in the United States, a near relative of 
the common ruddy duck. St. Domingo falcon. See 
falcon. St. Domingo grebe, Podiceps or Sulbcoctjclus or 
Tachybaptes dominims, the least grebe of America, about 
9i inches long, found in the West Indies and other warm 
parts of America, including the Rio Grande Valley of 
Texas.- St. Dymphna's disease, insanity. St. Elmo's 
fire or light [St. Elmo, patron of navigation], a name 
given by seamen to brushes and jets of electric light seen 
on the tips of masts and yard-arms of vessels, especially 
during thunder-storms. This form of electric discharge 
occurs also on land, and most frequently on mountain 
summits, where it glows and hisses in brilliant tongues of 
white and blue light several inches in length. On Ben 
Nevis it is most generally seen in winter during storms of 
dry, hard snow-hail, with rising barometer, falling tem- 
perature, and northwesterly wind. Also called corposant. 
St Emilion a red wine produced in the department of 
Gironde, on the right bank of the Dordogne, and generally 
classed among clarets, though different in quality and fla- 
vor from the wines grown nearer Bordeaux. St. Eras- 
mus's disease, colic. St. Estephe, a red wine produced 
north of the Garonne, in the department of Gironde, and 
belonging to the same class of wines as St. Emilion. It 
is generally exported from Bordeaux, and is considered 
a claret. St. Francis's flret. See fre. St. George, a 
cross of St. George that is, an upright red cross on a 
white field : as, "a St. George cantoned with the Jack," 
C. Boutell.St. Georges, (a) A red wine of Burgundy, 
produced in the immediate neighborhood of wines of the 
highest quality, but not ranking above the second grade. 
(6) A Bordeaux wine, especially red, of medium quality, 
(c) A red wine grown near Poitiers. St. George's day, 
fish, mushroom. Seedayi,/*W,etc. St. George's en- 
sign, the distinguishing flag of ships of the British navy, 
consisting of a red cross on a white field, with the union- 
flag in the upper quarter next the mast. St. Germain 
tea. See feu. St. Giles's disease, cancer. St. Gllles, 
a white wine produced at St. Gilles, in the department of 
Gard. It is one of the best of the wines of southern France. 
St. Gothard's disease, a disease due to the intestinal 
worm Ankylostomum duodenale.St. Helena black- 
wood or ebony, a tree, Melhania melanorylan, of the Ster- 
culiacese, formerly of St. Helena, now extinct. Its dark, 
heavy wood was still at a recent date collected and turned 
into ornaments. St. Helen's beds. See Osborne series, 
under series. St. Hubert's disease, hydrophobia. St. 
Ignatius' beans. See bean^. St. James Illy. Same as 
jacob&aMy. St. James's flower. See Lotus, 2. St. 
James's shell. See pilgrim's shell (a), under pilgrim. 
St -James's-wort. Same as rag-wort. St.Job'sdisease, 
syphilis. St. John's bread, (a) The carob-bean : used 
medicinally as an expectorant and demulcent. See Cera- 
tonia. (o) The ergot of rye (Clamceps purpurea). See ergoti 
for figure and description. St. John's evil, epilepsy. 
St. John's falcon. See falcon. St. Johns hawk or 
St. Johnstone's tippet. See tippet. St. - John's-wort. 
See Hyperieum.St. Julien. (a) A red Bordeaux wine 
produced in the Medoc region, and properly in the small 
district of St. Julien de Reignac. The name has become 
known in the United States, and is commonly understood 
to denote claret of a medium grade without especial ref- 
erence to the place of production. (6) A red wine pro- 
duced in the neighborhood of the Rhone, not often ex- 
ported. St. Julien plum. See plum! . St. Lawrence's 
tearst. See tears. St. Lazarus disease, (o) Leprosy. 
(b) Tinea, (c) Measles of the hog. See Trichina, trichinosis. 
St Louis limestone, a division of the mountain lime- 
stone, well developed in Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Mis- 
souri, and having a maximum thickness of 250 feet. St. 
Lucas cactus-wren, Campylorhynchw ajfinii, closely re- 
lated to C. brmmeicapttlus. See Campylorhynchiis.St. 
Lucas gecko, robin, thrasher. See gecko, roorai, etc. 
St. Lucia bark. See bark?. St. Luke's summer, in 
weather lore, a period of flue pleasant weather about Octo- 
ber 18th. St. Martin's evil, drunkenness. St. Mar- 
tin's flower, an ornamental plant of the Amaryllidacese, 
Alstrosmeria pidchra (A. Flos-Martini). St. Martin's 
herb. See herb of St. Martin, under herb. St. Martin's 
Lent. See Lenti. St. Martin's little summer, a pe- 
riod beginning about the llth of November, popularly con- 
sidered in the Mediterranean to mark a period of warm, 
quiet weather. St. Martin's rings. See ringl. St. 
Mary's trout. See trout. St. Mathurin's disease, (a) 
Epilepsy. (6) Insanity. St. Michael's bannock, an oat- 
meal cake made especially for Michaelmas tune. [Prov. 
Eng.] St. Michael's orange. See amngei. St. Nicho- 
las's clerkt. See clerk. St. Nicholas's day. Seedayi. 
St. Patrick's cabbage, day, Purgatory. See cabbagei, 
dayi, etc. St. Peter's chair. See chair. St. Peter's 
corn, a species of wheat, Tritium* monococcum. See 
wheat. St. Peter's finger, (o) A belemnite, or some 
similar fossil cephalopod. These are among many pet- 
rifactions which, like some prehistoric artificial imple- 
ments, have been generally regarded superstitiously by 
the ignorant, and sometimes worshiped. See ammonite, 
ram's-horn, thunder-stone, and cut under belemnite. Com- 
pare salai/rama. (b) The garfish, Belone belone or B. mil- 
garis. [Local, Eng.] -St. Peter's flsh, the dory. See 
doryl, 1. St. Peter's sandstone. See sandstone. St.- 
Peter's-wort. (a) In old herbals, same as herb-peter. (6) 
In later books, the European Hypericmn qvadrangvlmn. 
(c) Perhaps transferred from the last, the American genus 
Ascynim, especially A. stans. (d) The snowberry, Sym- 
phoricarjnti. St. Peter's wreath. Same as Italian may 
(which see, under maj/^. St. Pierre, (n) A claret of 
the second grade, (b) A white wine produced in the de- 
partment of Gironde, in the neighborhood of St. Emilion. 
St. Pierre group, a thick m?ss of shales, marls, and 
clayS covering a very extensive area in the upper Mis- 
souri region. It belongs to the Cretaceous system, is rich 
in fossils, especially cephalopods. and lies between the 
