sake 
(If saki 1 there are many varieties, from the best quality 
down to shiro-zake, or " white take," and the turbid sort, 
drunk only in the poorer districts, known as nigori-zake ; 
there is also a sweet sort, called miriu. 
Encyc. Brit,, XIII. 574. 
2. The generic name in Japan for all kinds of 
spirituous liquors, whether made from grain or 
grapes, fermented or distilled. 
sake :1 (sa'ke), n. Same as nki. 
sakeen, . [Native name (?).] A kind of ibex 
found in the Himalayas. 
saker 1 (sa'ker), n. [Also written sacre, former- 
ly also gakre; < OF. (and F.) sucrc = Sp. Pg. 
sacre = It. sagro, formerly also sacro, saccaro 
(G. galcer-fallc), < ML. sttcer (also falco sacer, 
OF. faucoti sacre), a kind of falcon; either < 
Ar. saqr, a falcon, or < L. sacer, sacred (cf. Gr. 
ifpaf, a hawk, < po?, sacred: see Uierax and 
i/i'rfaleon). Hence sakeret.] A kind of hawk 
used in falconry, especially the female, which 
is larger than the male, the latter being called 
a sakeret or sacret. It is a true falcon of Asia and 
Europe, Falco sacer. A related falcon of western North 
America, Falco polyagrus or F. mexicamis, is known as the 
American saker. 
Let these proud sakers and gerfalcons fly ; 
Do not thou move a wing. 
Middleton, Spanish Gypsy, ii. 1. 
saker 2 (sa'ker), . [Also sucker, sayker; a par- 
ticular use of saker 1 . Cf. falcon, 4, falconet, 3, 
musket' 2 , etc., gun s similarly named from birds . ] 
A small piece of artillery, smaller than the demi- 
culverin, formerly much employed in sieges. 
They set vp a mantellet, vnder the which they put three 
or foure pieces, as sacres, where with they shot against 
the posterns. HaMtiyt's Voyages, II. 79. 
I reckoned about eight and twenty great pieces [of ord- 
nance], besides those of the lesser sort, as Sakers. 
Coryal, Crudities, I. 125. 
5309 
plicatus, an old chemical name applied to potassium sul- 
phate. Sal dluretlcus, an old name for potassium ace- 
tate. Sal enixum, an old name for potassium bisulphate. 
Sal gemmae, a native sodium chlorid, or rock-salt. 
Sal mfrablle, sodium sulphate; Glaubers salt. Sal 
petert, a .Middle English form of saltpeter. Sal pru- 
nella. See jrow#a3. Sal Selgnette, Rochelle salt. 
Sal tartre, salt of tartar. Sal volatile, ammonium car- 
bonate. The name is also applied to a spirituous solution 
of ammonium carbonate flavored with aromatics. 
sal- (sal), n. [Also saul; < Hind, sal, Skt. pita.] 
A large gregarious tree, Sliorea robusta, natural 
order Dipteroearpete, of northern India. It af- 
fords the most extensively used timber of that region, 
ranking In quality next to teak. The wood is of a dark- 
brown color, hard, rather coarse-grained, and very dura- 
ble. It is employed for building houses, bridges, and 
boats, for making carts and gun-carriages, for railroad- 
ties, etc. It yields, by tapping, a kind of resin (see sal- 
dammar), and its leaves are the food of the Tussa silk- 
worm. 
salaam, salam (sa-lam'), H. [< Hind. Pers. 
salam, < Ar. salam, saluting, wishing health or 
peace, a salutation, peace (< salm, saluting), = 
Heb. sheldm, peace, < sMlam, be safe.] A cere- 
monious salutation of the Orientals. In India the 
personal salaam or salutation is an obeisance executed 
by bowing the head with the body downward, in extreme 
cases nearly to the ground, and placing the palm of the 
right hand on the forehead. 
He [the King] . . . presenteth himselfe to the people to 
receiue their Salames or good morrow. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 540. 
A trace of pity in the silent mlotnii with which the 
grim durwan salutes you. 
J. W. Palmer, The Old and the Sew, p. 328. 
Salaam convulsion, a bilateral clonic spasm of muscles 
supplied by the spinal accessory nerve, confined almost 
wholly to children between the periods of dentition and 
puberty. The disease is paroxysmal, of varying dura- 
tion and number of attacks ; with each attack the head is 
bowed forward and then relaxed. Also called noddiny 
spasm, spasmus nutans, and eclampsia nutans. To send 
1~ *> send one's compliments. [Colloq.l 
salamander 
After that they yede aboute gaderinge 
Pleasaunt salades, which they made hem eate. 
Flower and Leaf, 1. 412. 
3. A dish composed of some kind of meat, 
chopped and mixed with uncooked herbs, and 
seasoned with various condiments: as, chicken 
salad ; lobster siilnd Salad days, days of youthful 
inexperience. 
My salad days, 
When I was green in judgement. 
Shak., A. and C., i. 5. 73. 
salad 2 t, ii. See xallep. 
salad-burnet (sal'ad-b*r'net), . The common 
European burnet, 'piiti-riiim Sanffutsorba. It is 
used as a salad, and serves also as a sheep-fod- 
der. See burnefi, 2. 
saladeH, . An obsolete form of saladi. 
salade 2 t, n. See salleft. 
salad-fork (sal 'ad -fork), n. A fork used in 
mixing salads. See salad-spoon. 
saladingt (sal'ad-ing), n. [Formerly also sal- 
lading; < salad 1 + -tuff 1 .] Herbs for salads; 
also, the making of salads. 
The Dutch have instructed the Natives [Tonquinese] in 
the art of Gardening : by which means they have abun- 
dance of Herbage for Sattadinij; which among other things 
is a great refreshment to the Dutch Sea-men when they 
arrive here. Dampier, Voyages, II. i. 12. 
Their sallading was never far to seek, 
The poignant water-grass, or savoury leek. 
W. King, Art of Cookery, L 493. 
salad-oil (sal'ad-oil),. Olive-oil, used in dress- 
ing salads and' for other culinary purposes. 
salad-plate (sal'ad-plat), n. A small plate in- 
tended for salad;' especially, such a plate of an 
unusual shape, intended for use with the large 
dinner-plate for meat or game, and designed 
not to take up much room on the table. 
salad-rocket (8al'ad-rok"et), n. The 
t; < OF. sa- 
cret, dim. of sacre ',' a saker: see saker^.] The 
male of the saker. 
sakeryngt, n. An obsolete form of sacring. 
saki(sak'i),. [=F.safc; <S.Amer.name(?).] 
A South American monkey of the family Cebidee 
and subfamily Pitheciinee, especially of the ge- 
nus Pitltecia, of which there are several species; 
one of the fox-tailed monkeys, with a bushy 
non-prehensile tail. P. monachus is the monk-saki ; 
P. satanaf is the black saki, or couxio ; P. leucocephaltis is 
the white-headed saki ; P. chiropotes is sometimes called 
the "hand-drinking " saki, from some story which attached 
to this species, though all these monkeys drink in the 
same way. See cut under Pitltecia. Also sake. 
sakieh (sak'i-e), . [Also sakiah, sakia ; < Ar. 
saqich, a water-wheel ; cf . seqiya, an irrigating 
brook, siqqdya, an aqueduct, < isqi, water, irri- 
gate.] A modification of the Persian wheel 
used in Egypt for raising water for purposes of 
irrigation . It consists essentially of a vertical wheel to 
which earthen pots are attached on projecting spokes, a 
second vertical wheel on the same axis with cogs, and a 
large horizontal cogged wheel, which gears with the other 
cogged wheel. The large wheel, being turned by oxen or 
other draft-animals, puts in motion the other two wheels, 
the one carrying the pitchers dipping into a well or a deep 
pit adjoining and supplied with water from a river. The 
pitchers are thus emptied into a tank at a higher level, 
whence the water is led off in a network of channels over 
the neighboring fields. Instead of the pitchers being at- 
tached directly to the wheel when the level of the water 
is very low, they are attached to an endless rope. The 
construction of these machines is usually very rude. 
saklest, A Middle English form of sackless. 
saksaul (sak'sal), H. [Also saksaii, saksaw, sax- 
aul; of E. Ind. origin.] An arborescent shrub, 
Anabasis ammodendron of the Chenopodiacex. It 
is a typical growth of the sand-deserts of Asia, furnishes a 
valuable fuel, and is planted to stay shifting sands. 
Sakta (sak'ta), n. [Hind, sakta, < Skt, qakta, 
concerned with (Siva's) qahti, or 'power' or 
'energy' in female personification.] A mem- 
ber of one of the great divisions of Hindu sec- 
taries, comprising the worshipers of the female 
principle according to the ritual of the Tantras. 
The Saktas are divided into two branches, the followers 
respectively of the right-hand and left-hand rituals. The 
latter practise the grossest impurities. 
sakur (sa'ker), . [E. Ind.] A small rounded 
astringent gall formed on some species of Tama- 
i-i.r, used in medicine and dyeing. 
sal 1 (sal), H. [< L. sal, salt: see gal ft.] Salt: 
a word much used by the older chemists and 
in pharmacy. 
Grynde summe of these thingis forseid, which that je 
wil, as strongly as ge can in a morter, with the 10 part of 
him of sal comen preparate to the medicyne of men. 
Book of Quinte Essence (ed. Kurnivall), p. 12. 
Sal absinthlL Same as salt of icormicood (which see, 
under salt*). Sal aeratus. See saleratus. Sal alem- 
broth, a solution of equal parts of corrosive sublimate 
and ammonium chlorid. Also called salt ofieisdam. Sal 
ammoniac. *ee ammoniac. Sal de duobus.i'i sal du- 
This was the place where the multitude assembled every 
morning to salam the Padishah. 
J. T. Wheeler, Short Hist. India, p. 165. 
salability, saleability (sa-la-bil'i-ti), . [< 
salable + -iti/ (see -bility).] Salableness. 
What can he do but spread himself into breadth and 
length, into superficiality and saleability? 
Carlyle, Misc., IV. 139. (Dames.) 
salable, saleable (sa'la-bl), . [< sale* + 
-able.] Capable of being sold; purchasable; 
hence, finding a ready market; in demand. 
Woeful is that judgment which comes from him who 
hath venalem animam, a saleable soul. 
Rev. T. Adams, Works, II. 549. 
Any saleable commodity . . . removed out of the course 
of trade. Locke. 
salableness, saleableness (sa'la-bl-nes). . 
The character of being salable ; salability. 
salably, saleably (sa'la-bli), a<lr. In a salable 
manner ; so as to be salable. 
salacious (sa-la'shus), a. [< L. salax (-ac-), dis- 
posed to leap, lustful, < salire, leap: see sail?, 
salient.] Lustful; lecherous. 
One more salacious, rich, and old 
Outbids, and buys her pleasure with her gold. 
Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, x. 
salaciOUSly (sa-la'shus-li), adv. In a salacious 
manner; lustfully; with eager animal appetite. 
salaciOUSneSS (sa-la'shus-nes), n. The quality 
of being salacious ; lust; lecherousness; strong 
propensity to venery. 
salacity (sa-las'i-ti), . [= F. salacite = It. *- 
lacita, < L.'sZta( t-)s, lust, < salax (-ac-), dis- 
posed to leap, lustful : see salacious.] Salacious- 
ness. 
salad 1 (sal'ad), n. [Formerly also sattad, sal- 
let; < ME. salade (= D. salade = MHG. salat, 
G. salat = Dan. salat = Sw. salat, salad), < OF. 
(and F.) galade, < Olt. salata = Pg. salada, a 
salad (cf. Sp. ensalada = It. insalata, a salad); 
lit. 'salted/ < ML. salata, fern, of salatus (> Sp. 
Pg. salado = It. salato), salted, pickled (cf. It. 
xalato, salt meat), pp. of salare, salt, < L. sal, 
salt: see salt 1 .] 1. Raw herbs, such as lettuce, 
endive, radishes, green mustard, land- and wa- 
ter-cresses, celery, or young onions, cut up and 
variously dressed, as with eggs, salt, mustard, 
oil, vinegar, etc. 
Beware of saladis, grene metis, & of frutes rawe. 
For they make many a man haue a feble mawe. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 124. 
They haue also a Sallet of hearbes and a Sawcer of Vin- 
eger set on the Table. Purchai, Pilgrimage, p. 208. 
I often gathered wholesome herbs, which I boiled, or eat 
as salads with my bread. Swift, Gulliver's Travels, iv. 2. 
2. Herbs for use as salad : colloquially restrict- 
ed in the United States to lettuce. 
wood, not affected by vinegar, oil, etc., used for 
stirring and mixing salads. It is common to fix a 
spoon and fork together by means of a rivet, somewhat like 
a pair of scissors. 
salagane (sal'a-gan), n. Same as salangane. 
salagrama (sa-la-grii'ma), . [Anglo-Ind. sal- 
dram ; Hind, sdiagramd, sdligram, < Skt. fdla- 
f/rdma, name of a village where the stones are 
found.] A sort of stone sacred to Vishnu, and 
employed by the Brahmans inpropitiatory rites. 
It is a fossil cephalopod, as an ammonite, a belemnite, etc. 
Such a stone, when found, is preserved as a precious talis- 
man. It appears, however, that a great variety of petri- 
factions receive the general name salagrama. 
Belemnites and Orthoceratites mineralized by the same 
material as the ammonites (iron clay and pyrites). Their 
abundance in the beds of mountain torrents, especially the 
Gundak, had been long known, as they form an indispensa- 
ble article in the sacra of the Hindu Thakoordwaree, un- 
der the name of Salagrama. 
Dr. Gerard, Asiat. Soc. of Calcutta, Oct., 1830. 
salal-berry (sal'al-ber'i), M. A berry-like fruit 
about the size of a common grape, of a dark col- 
or and sweet flavor. It is the fruit of Gatdtheria Shal- 
Ion, the salal, a small shrubby plant about H feet high, 
growing in Oregon and California. 
salam, . and v. See salaam. 
salamander (sal'a-man-der), n. [< ME. sala- 
mandre, < OF. saldmandre, salcmandre, salmen- 
dre, F. salamandre = Pr. Sp. Pg. It. salamandra 
= D. G. Dan. Sw. salamander, < L. salamandra,. 
< Gr. oal.aiia.vfpa, a kind of lizard supposed to 
be an extinguisher of fire ; of Eastern origin ; 
cf. Pers. samandar, a salamander.] 1. A kind 
of lizard or other reptile formerly supposed to 
live in or be able to endure fire. 
The more hit [gold] is ine uere [fire], the more hit is 
clene and clyer and tretable, ase the salamandre thet 
leueth ine the uere. Ayenbite oflmryt (E. E. T. S.), p. 167. 
The cameleon liveth by the ayre, and the salamander 
by the fire. Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Hart. Misc., VI. 170). 
Oratiana false ? 
The snow shall turn a salamander first, 
And dwell in fire. Shirley, The Wedding, i. 4. 
2. An imaginary or immaterial being of hu- 
man form living in fire; an elemental of the 
fire; that one of the four classes of nature- 
spirits which corresponds to the element fire, 
the others being called si/lplix, undines, and 
The sprites of nery termagants in flame 
Mount up, and take a Salamanders name. 
Pope, R. of theL.,i. W). 
3. Iii zoiil., a urodele batraehiau, or tailed am- 
phibian ; a newt or an eft; atriton; especial- 
ly, a terrestrial batrachian of this kind, not 
having the tail compressed like a fin, as distin- 
guished from one of the aquatic kinds espe- 
cially called nrirt.t or tritniix: specifically, a 
