sally 
3. A run or excursion ; a trip or jaunt : a going 
out in general. 
Bellmour, good Morrow Why, truth on 't is, these ear- 
ly Sallies are not usual to me ; but Business, as you see, 
Sir Congrece, Old Batchelor, 1. 1. 
Every one shall know a country better that makes often 
sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he that 
like a mill-horse goes still round in the same t r:u-k. 
Locke. 
Every step in the history of political liberty is a sally ot 
the human mind into the untried Future. 
Emerson, Amer. Civilization. 
4. In arch., a projection; the end of a piece of 
timber cut with an interior angle formed by 
two planes across the fibers, as the feet of com- 
mon rafters. 5. An outburst, as of imagina- 
tion, fancy, merriment, etc. ; a flight; hence, a 
freak, frolic, or escapade. 
The Dorien [measure] because his falls, sallyes, and com- 
passe be diuera from those of the Phrigien. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poeaie, p. 70. 
These passages were intended for aillirx of wit. 
SiatingJIeet. 
"Vis but a sally of youth. 
SirJ. Denhain, The Sophy. (Latham.) 
She was apt to fall into little sallies of passion. 
Steele, Tatler, No. 172. 
sally' 2 (sal'i), v. ; pret. and pp. sallied, ppr. 
sallyiny. [Early mod. E. also sallie, salic ; < 
ME. saillen, saillyi;, < OF. saillir, leap, jump, 
bound, issue forth, < L. salire, leap: see sail 2 , of 
which sally' 2 is a doublet . The verb sally 2 , ho w- 
t on the noun.] I, intrant. 
ever, depends in part on the n< 
It. To leap; spring; dance. 
Herod also made a promise to the daughter of Herodias 
when she danced and salied so pleasantly before him and 
his lords. Becon, Works, I. 373. (Dories.) 
2. To leap, dash, or spring forth; burst out; 
specifically, to make a sally, as a body of troops 
from a besieged place to attack the besiegers ; 
hence, to set out briskly or energetically. 
At his first coming, the Turkes sallied upon the Germane 
quarter. Capt. John Smith, True Travels, I. 10. 
Then they opened their gate, 
Sallying forth with vigor and might. 
Undaunted Londonderry (Child's Ballads, VII. 250). 
How merrily we would sally forth Into the fields ! 
Lamb, Christ's Hospital. 
So enfeebled and disheartened were they that they 
offered no resistance if attacked ; . . . even the women 
of Malaga sallied forth and made prisoners. 
Irving, Granada, p. 98. 
Il.t trail*. To mount ; copulate with : said of 
horses. Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, iii. 36. 
sally 3 (sal'i), n. [A particular use of "sally, 
var. of sallow 2 . Cf. sallo>c3.] 1. The wren, 
Troglodytes pamilus. [Ireland.] 2. A kind 
of stone-fly ; one of the Perlidx : as, the yellow 
sally, Chloroperla viridis,.vmc\i used by anglers 
in England. 
sally-lunn (sal'i-lun'), . [Named after Sally 
Lunn, a young woman who sold this species of 
bun through the streets of Bath, about the end 
of the 18th century.] A kind of sweet spongy 
teaeake, larger than a muffin: in the United 
States usually baked in loaves or forms, not in 
muffin-rings. 
It 's a sort of night that 's meant for muffins. Likewise 
crumpets. Also eally-luns. Dickent, Chimes, iv. 
Phlllis trifling with a plover's 
Egg, while Corydon uncovers with a grace the Sally Lunn. 
C. S. Calverley, In the Gloaming. 
sallyman (sal'i-man), . Same as sallee-man, 2. 
sally-picker (sari-pik'er), n. [< sallyl + pick- 
et'.] One of several different warblers: so called 
in Ireland, (a) The least willow-wren, or chiff-chaff, 
Pkylloscnpus ru.fug ; also, P. trochilus. (b) The sedge-war- 
bler, Acrocephalus phraginitis. 
sally-port (sal'i-port), . 1. In fort.. & gate 
or a passage to afford free egress to troops in 
making a sally. The name is applied to the postern 
leading from under the rampart into the ditch ; or in more 
modem use to a cutting through the glacis, by which a 
sally may be made through the covered way. See dia- 
gram under barbican. 
At a small distance from it la rocky hill] on one side 
there is a sally port, cut down through the rock to the sea. 
fococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 28. 
The direction taken by Hawk-eye soon brought the trav- 
ellers'to the level of the plain, nearly opposite to a sally- 
port in the western curtain of the fort. 
J. F. Cooper, Last of Mohicans, xiv 
2. A large port on each quarter of a fire-ship, 
for the escape of the crew into boats when the 
train is fired. 
sally-wood (sal'i-wud), . Willow-wood. 
salmt, ii. An obsolete form of psalm. 
salmagundi (sal-ma-gun'di),n. [Also */(/- 
dy, dial, salmon-gundy; < OF. salmiaondin,t<al- 
>/ii</u-ondins,'F.siilii(/o>t<lis, orig. 'seasoned salt 
meats' ; prob. < It. said me (pi. salami), salt meat 
(< L. sal, salt), + conditi, pi. of conilito, < L. 
5314 
. seasoned, savory, pp. of condirc, pickle, 
preserve: see roiiilimrnt, i-inidite^.] 1. Origi- 
nally, an Italian dish consisting of chopped 
meat, eggs, anchovies, onions, oil, etc. 
The descendant of Caractacus returned, and, ordering 
the boy to bring a piece of salt beef from the brine, 
cut off a slice and mixed it with an equal quantity of on- 
ions, which, seasoning with a moderate proportion of pep- 
per and salt, he brought into a consistence with oil and 
vinegar; then, tasting the dish, assured us it was the best 
salmagundy that he had ever made. 
Smollett, Roderick Random, xxvi. 
Hence 2. A mixture of various ingredients; 
an olio or medley ; a hotchpotch; a miscellany. 
Ii. In-imj. 
salmi, salmis (sal'mi), . [< F. salmis, orig. 
' salted meats,' a double pi., < It. saiamc (pi. 
salami), salt meat: see salmagundi.'] A ragout 
of roasted woodcocks, larks, thrushes, or other 
species of game, minced and stewed with wine, 
little pieces of bread, and other ingredients to 
stimulate the appetite. 
As it is, though in one way still a striking picture, it is 
too much of a " salmi of frogs' legs," as they said of Cor- 
reggio's famous dome at Parma. 
A'ineteenth Century, XXIV. 42. 
salmiac (sal'mi-ak), n. [= F. salmiac = G. Sw. 
Dan. salmiak, corruptions of sal ammoniac: see 
sal ammoniac, under ammoniac.'] A contraction 
of sal ammoniac (which see, under ammoniac). 
salmis, n. See salmi. 
salmite (sal'mit), u. [< (Vie\)-Salm (see def.) 
+ -ite 2 .] In mineral., a maiiganesian variety of 
ehloritoid, from Viel-Salm in Belgium. 
Salmo (sal'mo), n. [NL. (Artedi; Linnteus), 
< L. salmo, a salmon : gee salmon.] The lead- 
ing genus of Salmonidee. It was formerly more than 
coextensive with the family as now understood, but Is 
usually restricted to forms having the anal tin short, of 
only nine to eleven developed rays ; the vomer flat, Its 
surface plane and toothed ; and the body spotted with 
black (not with red or silvery gray). In this sense the ge- 
nus Salmo is exclusive of the chars (Salcelinus) and of the 
Pacific salmon (Oncorhyiichui). But even thus restricted 
it contains two sets of species : (a) 'line salmon, marine 
and anadromous, as S. salar, with the vomerine teeth lit- 
tle developed, no hyoid teeth, scales large, caudal fin well 
forked (truncate in old individuals), and sexual distinc- 
tions strong, the breeding males having the lower jaw 
hooked upward. Such salmon are sometimes landlocked, 
as the variety found in Sebago Lake, in Maine. See cut 
under parr. (6) River-salmon, not anadromous, with vo- 
merine teeth highly developed, and sexual differences not 
strong. Such salmon are among the many fishes called 
trout or salmon-trout In the United States, as S. irideui, 
the rainbow-trout of California, which is a variety or 
subspecies of S. yairdneri, the steel-head or hard-head 
salmon-trout of the Sacramento river and northward, at- 
taining a weight of twenty pounds (see cut under rain- 
bow-trout) ; S. purpitratus, var. spilimts, the trout of the 
Rio ("Jrande, Utah Basin, etc. ; and 5. purpuratus, the sal- 
Salmon-trout (Salmo fnrfttratus). 
mon-trout of the Columbia river, Rocky Mountain brook- 
trout, Yellowstone trout, etc. (See lake-trout, 1 ; lake-trout, 
2, is a char.) Genera of Salmonina which have been de- 
tached from f!ii/nni proper are Saltxlinus, the chars (in- 
cluding Cristicomer) and Oncorhynchus. The river and lake 
species of Salmv which are not anadromous form a section 
or subgenus called Fario. 
salmoid (sal'moid), n. [< salm(on) + -aid.] 
Same as salmonoid. 
salmon (sam'uu), . [Early mod. E. also sal- 
iiiond, samon; < ME. salmon, salmond, usually 
saunion, samon, saumoun, samotcne, < OF. sau- 
mon, sun in u n. saulmtme, sattlmon, salmun, F. sau- 
mon, a salmon (fish), = Pr. salmo = Sp. salmon 
= Pg. salmtto = It. salamone = OS. OHG. salmo, 
MHG. salme, G. salm, < L. salmo(-n), a salmon, 
lit. 'leaper,' < salire, leap: see sail' 2 , salient.'] 1. 
A fish of the genus Sulmo (N. salar), found in 
all the northern parts of Europe, America, and 
Asia. The salmon is both a marine and a fresh-water 
fish. Its normal locality may be said to be off the mouth 
or estuary of the larger livers, whence. In the season of 
salmon 
licring many thousands, which, when impregnated by the 
male accompanying her, she carefully covers up by rapid 
sweeps of her tail. At this season the snout of the male 
undergoes a strange transformation, the under jaw be- 
coming hooked upward with a curtihiginous excrescence, 
which is used as a weapon in the combats which arc fre- 
quent when two or more males attach themselves to one 
female. In this condition he is known us a /, //.//,/-. The 
time occupied in spawning is from three to twelve days, 
and the season extends from the end of autumn till spring. 
After spawning, the salmon, both male and female, die 
or go to sea under the name of spent jixh, fnttl jith, or 
/,./', the females being further distinguished as >7< 
or baygits. In from 80 to 140 days the young fish hatches 
from the egg. Then it is about tlve eighths of an iiu-li 
long. In this embryonic state it is nourished from a vitel- 
licle, or umbilical vesicle, suspended under the belly, con- 
taining the red yolk of the egg and oil-globules, to In- 
absorbed later. When about fifty days old it is about an 
inch in length, and becomes a samlet or parr (see cut under 
parr). It continues in the shallows of its native stream 
till the following spring, when it is from 3 to 4 inches long 
and is known as the May parr. It now descends into 
deeper parts of the river, where the weaker fish n main 
till the end of the second spring, the stronger ones till 
the end of the first spring only. When the season of its 
migration arrives, generally the month of May or June, 
the tins have become darker, and the fish has assumed a 
silvery hue. It is now known as u smalt or salmon-fry. 
The smolts now congregate into shoals and proceed lei- 
surely seaward. On reaching the estuary they remain in 
its brackish water for a short time, and then proceed to 
the open sea. Of their life there nothing is known, except 
that they grow with such rapidity that a fish which reaches 
the estuary weighing, it may be, not more than 2 ounces, 
may return to It from the sea, aftera few months, as a grilse, 
weighing Sor 10 pounds. A grilse under 2 pounds is called 
a stumon-peal. In between two and three years the grilse 
becomes a salmon. The salmon returns in preference to 
the river in which it passed its earlier existence. It has 
been known to grow to the weight of 83 pounds; more 
generally it weighs from 15 to 26 pounds. It furnishes a 
delicious dish for the table, and is an important article of 
commerce. Its flesh is of a pinkish-orange color. The 
synonyms of salmon are very numerous. Nearly or quite 
exact local ones are mart, simen, sprod. Salmon under 
two years old, which have not entered the sea, are gener- 
ally called parr, pink, and smolt, or, more locally, black- 
Jin, brandling, brood, cnckxper, fingerling, irinkin, gravel- 
ing, ffravel-laspriny, hepper, jerkin, laspriny, salmon-.fry, 
salmon-spring, samlet, sketjger, *kerling, smelt, sparling, 
spray. One which has returned from the sea a second 
time is a yerling ; one which has remained in fresh water 
during summer is a laurel; a milter, or spawning male, 
may be called a gib-fish or summer-cock. In the nibble, 
in NVillughby's time, a two-year old salmon was called 
sprod ; a supposed three-year fish mart, or perhaps pug ; 
a four-year fish, a/orWatf ; a five-year fish, a half-Jish, and 
a six-year one, a salmon specifically. 
2. One of various fishes of the same family us 
the above, but of different genera. Some of these 
species are recognizable by an increased number of the 
anal rays (14 to 20), and by the fact that the jaws in the 
males at the breeding-season become peculiarly devel- 
oped and hooked. They form the genus Oncorhynchus, 
and are collectively called Pacific salmon. Five such spe- 
cies occur in the North Pacific, (a) One of these, the 
humpbacked salmon, 0. gorbuscha, has from 25 to 30 short 
gill-rakers and very small scales (over 200 in a longitudi- 
nal row). It reaches a weight of from 3 to 6 pounds, and 
is found as far south as Oregon or even in the Sacramen- 
to river, (b) Another, the dog-salmon, 0. keta or O. lago- 
cephalus, has less than 25 short gill-rakers, moderately 
small scales (about 150 in a longitudinal row), 13 or 14 
anal rays, and 13 or 14 branchiostegal rays: the spots are 
faint or obsolete. It attains a weight of about 12 pounds, 
and extends southward (sparingly) to the Sacramento river, 
but is of little value. (<) The quinnat or king-salmon, 0. 
chavteha or 0. quinnat, has about 23 short gill-raker*, 
Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar}. 
sexual excitement, it ascends to the spawning-beds, which 
are frequently far inland, near the head-waters of the 
rivers. On reaching the spawning-station, the female by 
means of her tail makes a furrow in the gravelly bed of 
the river, in which she deposits her spawn or eggs, num- 
fjuiniiat. or California Salmon {0>iforhynthus ckirvitHa .. 
about 150 scales in a longitudinal row, 16 anal rays. 15 to 
19 branchiostegal rays (those of the opposite sides often 
unlike), and the back and upper fins dotted with black. It 
reaches a weight of over 100 pounds, but the average in the 
Columbia river is about 22. It enters abundantly into the 
Sacramento river and still more numerously into the north- 
ern streams from both sides of the Pacific, and is by far 
the most important species of its genus. About 30,000,000 
pounds are estimated to have been the average take for 
several years in the Columbia river alone, along whose 
banks extensive canneries are established to preseive the 
fish, (d) The silver or kisutch salmon, 0. kisutch, has about 
23 rather slender gill-rakers. lather large scales (about ISO 
in a row), and is bluish-green on the back, silvery on the 
sides, and punctulated with blackish, but without decided 
spots except on the top of the head, back, dorsal and ndi 
pose fins, and the upper rudimentary rays of the caudal fin. 
It grows to a weight of from 3 to 8 pounds, and is abun- 
dant southward to the Sacramento river, but is of little 
economic value, (e) The blue-back salmon, O. nerka or 0. 
lycaodon, has about 30 or 40 omparntively long gill-rakei, 
rather large scales (about 130 in a row), and is normally 
colored bright-blue above and silvery on the fides, but the 
males in the fall become deep-red, and are then known in 
the interior as rtdfith. It attains a weight of from 4 to 
pounds, and ascends the Columbia riverand tributaries in 
abundance. It ranks next in value to the quinnat. In 
canning salmon in America the nsh are cooked in the 
cans in which they are put up. unlike any fish canned in 
Europe, which are all cooked tirst and then canned and 
eooked Again. (See nardi/tel, 1.) The salmon are first 
