sanctuary 
The admirable works of painting were made fuel for 
the flre; but some reliques of it took tanctuary under 
ground, and escaped the common destiny. 
Dryden, tr. of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting. 
O peaceful Sisterhood, 
Receive, and yield me sanctuary, nor ask 
Her name to whom ye yield it. 
Tennyson, Guinevere. 
Isthmian sanctuary. See Isthmian. 
sanctuaryt (saugk'tu-a-ri), v. t. [< sanctuary, 
n. ] To place in safety as in a sanctuary; be- 
stow safely. 
Securely flght, thy purse hsaitcluuri/'d, 
And In this place shall beard the proudest thiefe. 
Utywood, Four Frentises of London (Works, II. 189). 
sanctum (sangk'tum). n. [Short for sanctum 
xunctorum, holy of holies: sanctum, neut. of L. 
sanctus, pp. of sancire, consecrate, make holy; 
sanctorum, gen. pi. of sanctum: see saint 1 .] A. 
sacred place; a private retreat or room : as, an 
editor's sanctum. 
I had no need to make any change ; I should not be 
called upon to quit my sanctum of the schoolroom for 
a sanctum it was now become to me a very pleasant ref- 
uge in time of trouble. Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, xvii. 
Sanctum sanctorum. (a) "The holy of holies": the 
innermost or holiest place of the Jewish tabernacle or 
temple. See holy, (b) Any specially private place or re- 
treat, not to be entered except by special permission or 
favor. 
His house is denied by the unsavory visits of a troop of 
pup dogs, who even sometimes carry their loathsome rav- 
ages into the sanctum sanctorum, the parlor ! 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 197. 
Sanctus (sangk'tus), . [So called from the 
first word in the L. version; < L. sanctus, pp. 
of sancire, make holy, consecrate: see saint 1 .'] 
1 . In liturgies, the ascription " Holy, holy, holy, 
Lord God of hosts, . . ." in which the eucha- 
ristic preface culminates, and which leads up to 
the canon or prayer of consecration. The Sanctus 
exists and occupies this place in all liturgies. It is proba- 
bly of primitive origin, and was already, as it still is, used 
in the Jewish liturgy (being taken from Isa. vi. 2, 3 : com- 
pare Eev. iv. 8), the following "Hosanna" (Psalm cxviii. 
25, "Save now") also further marking the connection. 
A similar ascription occurs in the Te Drum. Other names 
for the Sanctus are the Tersanctus (and, improperly, the 
Trisagion\ and the Seraphic or Triumphal Hymn (Epini- 
don). See Benedictus, preface. 
2. A musical setting of the above ascription or 
hymn Black Sanctust, a profane or burlesque hymn, 
performed with loud and discordant noises; hence, any 
confused, tumultuous uproar. Also Black Santus, Santos, 
Santis. 
At the entrie we heare a confused noise, like a blaclce 
sanctus, or a house haunted with spirits, such hollowing, 
shouting, dauncing, and clinking of pots. 
Rowley, Search for Money. 
Like Bulls these bellow, those like Asses bray ; 
Some barke like ban-dogs, some like horses ney; 
Some howl like W'olnes, others like Furies yell ; 
Scarce that blacke Santus could be match'd in hell. 
Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 576. 
Let's sing him a Made santis; then let's all howl 
In our own beastly voices. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 1. 
Sometimes they whoop, sometimes their Stygian cries 
Send their black Santos to the blushing skies. 
Quarles, Emblems, I. x. 20. 
Sanctus bell. See belli. 
sand 1 (sand), . [< ME. sand, sond, < AS. sand 
= OS. sand = OFries. sond = MD. sand, D. zand 
= MLG. sant, LG. sand = OHG. MHG. sant, G. 
sand = Icel. sandr = Sw. Dan. sand (Goth, not 
recorded), sand; cf. OHGr.'samat, lAHQ.sampt, 
G. dial. (Bav. ) samp, sand ; the Tent, base being 
appar. orig. samd-, prob. = Gr. duaBof, ipd/taffae, 
sand; cf. E. dial, samel, gritty, sandy, and L. 
sabulnm (for "sanrulum 1), sand, gravel.] 1. 
Water-worn detritus, finer than that to which 
the name gravel would ordinarily be applied : 
but the line between sand and gravel cannot 
be distinctly drawn, and they frequently occur 
intermingled. Sand consists usually of the debris of 
crystalline rocks, and quartz very commonly predomi- 
nates in it, since this mineral is very little liable to chemical 
change or decomposition. In regions of exclusively cal- 
careous rocks there is rarely any considerable amount of 
what can be properly called sand, finely comminuted cal- 
careous materials being extremely liable to become re- 
consolidated. Sand occurs in every stage of wear, from 
that in which the particles have sharp edges, showing 
that they have been derived from the recent breaking up 
of granitic and other silicious rocks, to that in which the 
fragments are thoroughly rounded, showing that they 
have been rubbed against one another during a great 
length of time. Sand, when consolidated bv pressure or 
held together by some cement, becomes sandstone ; and a 
large part of the material forming the series of stratified 
rocks is sandstone. 
The counter, shelves, and floor had all been scoured, 
and the latter was overstrewn with fresh blue sond. 
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, ii. 
2. A tract or region composed principally of 
sand, like the deserts of Arabia ; or a tract of 
sand exposed by the ebb of the tide : as, the 
Libyan Sands; the Solway sands. 
Even as men wrecked upon a sand, that look to be 
washed off the next tide. Shak., Hen. V., iv. 1. 100. 
5328 
The island Is thirty miles long, two miles broad in most 
places, a mere ga/u/, yet full of fresh water in ponds. 
H'inthrop, Hist. New England, I. 1(13. 
3. Any mass of small hard particles: as, the 
sand of an hour-glass; sand used in blotting. 
4. In founding, a mixture of sand, clay, and 
other materials used in making molds for cast- 
ing metals. It is distinguished according to different 
qualities, etc., and Is therefore known by specific names : 
as, core-gaud, green sand, old sand, etc. 
5. Sandstone: so used in the Pennsylvania pe- 
troleum region, where the various beds of pe- 
troliferous sandstone are called oil-sands, and 
designated as first, second, third, etc., in the 
order in which they are struck in the borings. 
Similarly, the gas-bearing sandstones are called 
gas-sands. 6. pi. The moments, minutes, or 
small portions of time; lifetime; allotted period 
of life : in allusion to the sand in the hour-glass 
used for measuring time. 
Now our sands are almost run. 
Shale., Pericles, v. 2. 1. 
7. Force of character; stamina; grit; endur- 
ance; pluck. [Colloq., U. S.] 
I became head superintendent, and had a couple of 
thousand men under me. Well, a man like that is a man 
that has got plenty of sand that goes without saving. 
The Century, XXXIX. 74. 
Bagshot sand. Same as Bar/shot beds (which see, under 
frerf'). Blue sand. See blue. Brain sand. See drain- 
land. Burned sand, in molding, sand which has been 
heated sufficiently to destroy the tenacity given by the 
clayey ingredient. It is sometimes used for partings. 
Dry sand, in founding, a combination of sand and loam 
used in making molds to be dried in an oven. Green 
sand, in founding, fresh, unused, or unbaked sand suit- 
able for molding. Hastings sand, in geol., one of the 
subdivisions of the Wealden, a very distinct and peculiar 
assemblage of strata covering a large area in the southern 
counties of England. See Wealden. New sand. See 
netc. Old Sand, in founding, sand which has been used 
for the molds of castings, anil which has become, under the 
action of heat, friable and more porous, and is therefore 
used for filling the flasks over the facing-sand, as it affords 
ready escape for gases. Rope Of sand. See ropei. 
Sand blast. See sand-blast. Sharp sand, sand the par- 
ticles of which present sharp crystalline fracture, not worn 
smooth by attrition. 
sand 1 (sand), v. t. [< sand 1 , .] 1. To sprin- 
kle with sand; specifically, to powder with 
sand, as a freshly painted surface in order to 
make it resemble stone, or fresh writing to 
keep it from blotting. 2. To add sand to: as, 
to sand sugar. 3. To drive upon a sand-bank. 
Travellers and seamen, when they have been sanded or 
dashed on a rock, for ever after fear not that mischance 
only, but all such dangers whatsoever. 
Burton, Anat of Mel., p. 148. 
sand'-'t, . [ME., also soiide, from AS. sand, 
sond, a sending, message, mission, an embassy, 
also a dish of food, a mess, lit. 'a thing sent,' < 
sendan (/ sand), send : see send. Cf. sandes- 
///(/.] A message; a mission; an embassy. 
Flrste he saide he schulde doune sende 
His iande, that we schnld nojt be irke, 
His haly gaste on vs to lende. 
York Plays, p. 466. 
sandal 1 (san'dal), n. [Early mod. E. also san- 
dall, sandale, sendal, sendall; < ME. "sandale, 
sandalie = D. sandaal = G. sandale = Sw. Dan. 
sandal, < OF. sandale, cendale, F. sandale = 
8p. Pg. sandalia = It. sandalo, < ML. sanda- 
lum, L. sandaliuui, < Gr. oavfiaZtov, dim. of adv- 
Safov, .3Dolic adufiaKov, a sandal; prob. < Pers. 
sandal, a sandal, slipper.] 1. A kind of shoe, 
consisting of a sole fastened to the foot, gen- 
erally by means of straps crossed over and 
passed around the ankle. Originally sandals were 
made of leather, but they afterward became articles of 
Sandals. 
The pair in the middle are Roman, those on the sides are Greek. 
luxury, being sometimes made of gold, silver, and other 
precious materials, and beautifully ornamented. Sandals 
of straw or wickerwork are worn by some Oriental nations ; 
those of the Japanese form their chief foot-covering, ex- 
cept the stocking ; they are left at the door, and not worn 
within the houses, the floors of which are generally cov- 
ered with mats. Sandals form part of the official dress of 
bishops and abbots in the Roman Catholic Church ; they 
were formerly often made of red leather, and sometimes 
of silk or velvet richly embroidered. 
His Mtndales were with toilsome travell torne. 
Spenser, V. (>., I. vi. 85. 
sandalwood 
The men wear a sort of sandals made of raw hide, and 
tied with thongs round the foot and ancle. 
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 13. 
The form of the episcopal sandal about half a century 
before St Austin began his mission among the Anglo- 
Saxons may be seen from the Kavenna mosaics. 
Rock, Church of our Fathers, ii. 235, note. 
2. A half-boot of white kid or satin, often pret- 
tily ombroidered in silver, and laced up the 
front with some bright-colored silk cord. They 
were cut low at each side to display the em- 
broidered clock of the stocking. 3. A tie or 
strap for fastening a slipper or low shoe by 
being passed over the foot.or around the ankle. 
Shoes with sandals were in use during the early years of 
the nineteenth century and until about 1840. Originally 
the term signified the ribbons secured to the shoe, oni- 
on each side, and crossed diagonally over the instep and 
ankle, later a simpler contrivance, as a single band with 
button and buttonhole, or even an india-rubber strap. 
Open-work stockings, and shoes with sandals. 
Dickens, Sketches, Tales, 1. -. 
4. An india-rubber overshoe, having very low 
sides and consisting chiefly of a sole with a 
strap across the instep. Especially (a) such a shoe 
with an entire sole and a counter at the heel ; or (6) such 
a shoe with a sole for the front part of the foot only. 
5. In her., a bearing representing any rough 
and simple shoe. Also called brogue. 
sandal 2 (san'dal), . [Early mod. E. also san- 
dal, also sander, usually in pi. form sanders, 
saunders, < late ME. sawndres, sawndyrs, < OF. 
sandal, santal,pl. sandaulx, F. sandal, santal = 
Sp. sandalo = Pg. sandalo = It. ttandalo (> D. G. 
Sw. Dan. sandct), < ML. (and NL.) santalum, < 
LGr. advra).ov, also adviavov, sandalwood, = Ar. 
qandal = Hind, sandal, chandan = Pers. sandal, 
chandal, chandan = Malay tsendana, sandal- 
wood, < Skt. chandana, the sandal-tree, perhaps 
< -\/ chand, shine, = L. eandere, shine: see can- 
did.] Same as sandalwood. 
The white sandol is wood very sweet A in great request 
among the Indians. Haklwjl's Voyages, II. 265. 
Toys in lava, fans of sandal. Tennyson, Princess, Prol. 
sandal 3 (san'dal), M. Same as sendal. 
sandal 4 (san'dal), M. [< Ar. sandal, a large open 
boat, a wherry.] A long narrow boat with two 
masts, used on the Barbary coast. 
We were startled by the news that the Mahdi's people 
had arrived at Ladowith three steamers and nine sandals 
and nuggars, and had established themselves on the site 
of the old station. Science, XIV. 875. 
sandaled, sandalled (san'dald), //. . [< san- 
dal 1 + -erf 2 .] 1. Wearing sandals. 
Sandatt'd palmers, faring homeward, 
Austrian knights from Syria came. 
M. Arnold, Church of Bron, i. 
2. Fastened with a sandal. See sandal 1 , 3. 
Sandaled shoes, low, light shoes or slippers worn by 
women, from 1800 till about 1840, in the house and in com- 
pany, and often out of doors. 
sandaliform (san'da-li-form), a. [< L. sanda- 
lium, sandal, + forma, form.] Shaped like a 
sandal or slipper. 
sandalin (san'da-liu), u. [< nandal't + -in 1 .] 
Same as sandahoood. 
sandal-tree (san'dal-tre), H. A name of one 
or more trees of the genus Sandoricvm. 
sandalwood (san'dal-wud), . [< stindafi + 
wood 1 .} The fragrant wood of the heart and 
roots of a tree of several species belonging to 
the genus Santalum; also, the tree itself. The 
most important species is 5. album, an evergreen 20 or 30 
feet high, with the aspect 
of privet. It is native in 
dryish localities in south- 
ern India, ascending the 
mountains to an altitude of 
3,000 feet. The heart-wood 
is yellowish - brown, very 
hard and close-grained, 
scented with an oil still 
more abundant in the root, 
which is distilled for per- 
fumery purposes and is in 
great request. The wood 
"is much used for carving, 
making ornamental boxes, 
etc., being valued as a pro- 
tective from insects as well 
as for its perfume. It is 
also extensively used, espe 
cially in China (which is 
the great market for s:m- 
dalwood), to burn as in- 
cense, both in temples and 
in dwellings. Other sandalwoods, from which for a time 
after their discovery large supplies were obtained, are S. 
Freycinetianum (its wood called citron or ycllmc sandal- 
wood) and S. pyrularium of the Hawaiian Islands, S. Yasi 
of the Frjis, S. Avttro-caledonicum of New Caledonia, and 
Fusanus(Santalum)spicatusot Australia, but these sources 
were soon nearly exhausted. In India and New Caledonia 
sandalwood is systematically cultivate*!. See uliinty and 
1'iixanm. Also called xandersieood. Bastard sandal- 
wood. See Mi/opiiriiin. Queensland sandalwood, the 
Australian Erenwpfiila Mitchelli of the Mifttpctrineie. a 
tall shrnli or sniiill tree, viscid and strongly scented. The 
dalwood I.Santalm attui 
