sandalwood 
heart-wood is dark reddish-brown, faintly scented, used for 
cabinet-work. Red sandalwood. (a) The East Indian 
tree 1'terocarpm sanliiliiinx, or its dark-red wood, which 
is used as a dye-stutF, imparting a reddish-brown color 
to woolens. It is considered by Hindu physicians to be 
astringent and tonic. See Pterocarpus. Mat called rulii/- 
witod, and sometimes distinctively red sandersivood. (b) 
Another East Indian tree, Adenanthera paoonina, with red 
wood, used as a dyestulf and otherwise. .See Adenanthera. 
Sandalwood bark, a bark said to be from a species 
of Mi/ruxiiltm, burnt in place of frankincense. Sandal- 
wood English. See Ewjllsh. Venezuela sandal- 
wood, a wood thought to be derived from a rutaceous 
tree, somewhat exported from Venezuela. The heart- 
wood is dark brown, the sap yellow, the scent pleasant 
but faint. It is the source of West Indian sandalwood 
oil. White sandalwood, the common sandalwood. 
Yellow sandalwood, in the West Indies, Bucida capitata 
of the Combretaceee. 
sandarac (san'da-rak), H. [Also aandarach, 
mindarnk, and corruptly andarac; ( OF. stind/i- 
rac, sandaraclic, sandarax, F. sandaraqite = Sp. 
Pg. sandaraca = It. sandaraca, sandracca, < L. 
sandaraca, sanderaca, sandaracha, < Gr. aav&a- 
panri, red sulphuret of arsenic, realgar, a red col- 
or, also bee-bread; of Eastern origin: cf. Ar. san- 
ilnrHS = Pers. saiularus = Hind, sandarus, san- 
daros, sindriis, sundras, < Skt. sindilra, realgar.] 
1. In mineral,, red sulphuret, or protosulphuret, 
of arsenic ; realgar. 2. A resin in white tears, 
more transparent than those of mastic, which 
exudes from the bark of the sandarac-tree, 
Callitrisqutidmnlris. (See sandarac-tree.) it is 
used as pounce-powder for strewing over erasures on paper 
(see pounce^), as incense, and for making a pale varnish 
for light-colored woods. It was formerly renowned as a 
medicine. Australian species of CalKtris yield a similar 
resiu. Also called juniper-resin, gum juniper. 
sandaracin (san-dar'a-sin), n. [< sandarac + 
-in 2 . ] A substance, containing two or three res- 
ins, which remains after treating sandarac with 
alcohol. 
sandarac-tree (san'da-rak-tre), . A tree, Cal- 
litris quadrivalvis, a native of the mountains of 
Morocco. It is a large tree with straggling branches. 
The wood is fragrant, hard, durable, mahogany-colored, 
and is largely 
used in the con- 
struction of 
mosques and 
similar build- 
ings in the north 
of Africa. See 
alerce and san- 
darac. Also call- 
ed arar-tree. 
sand-badger 
(sand ' baj ' - 
er), H. A Ja- 
vanese bad- 
ger, Meles an- 
kuma. P. L. 
Selater. 
sand-bag 
(sand ' bag), 
. A bag fill- 
ed with sand, 
(a) A bag of sand 
or earth, used in a fortification for repairing breaches, etc., 
or as ballast in boats and balloons, (o) A leathern cushion, 
tightly filled with fine sand, used by engravers to prop their 
work at a convenient angle, or to give free motion to a plate 
or cut in engraving curved lines, etc. (e) A bag of sand 
used as a weapon. Especially (1) Such a bag fastened to 
the end of a staff and formerly employed in the appointed 
combats of yeomen, instead of the sword and lance, the 
weapons of knights and gentlemen. 
Engaged with money-bags as bold 
As men with sand-bags did of old. 
5. Butler, Hudibras, III. ii. 80. 
(2) A cylindrical tube of flexible and strong material filled 
with sand, by which a heavy blow may be struck which 
leaves little or no mark on the skin : a weapon used by 
ruffians, (d) A bag of sand which was attached to a quin- 
tain, (e) A long narrow bag of flannel, ftllcd with sand, 
used to cover crevices between window-sashes or under 
doors, or laid on the stage of a theater behind flats and 
wings to prevent lights at the back from shining through 
the spaces left at junctions. 
sandbag (sand'bag), v. t.; pret. and pp. sand- 
bagged, ppr. sandbagging. [< sand-bag, n.] To 
hit or beat with a sand-bag. 
sandbagger (sand'bag"er), n. 1. One who uses 
a sand-bag; especially, a robber who uses a 
sand-bag to stun his victims. 
And the perils that surround the belated citizen from 
the attacks of lurking highwaymen and sand-baggers In the 
darkened streets do not add to the agreeableness of the 
situation. Elect. Review (Amer.), XV. xix. 13. 
2. A sailing boat that uses sand-bags as ballast. 
sand-ball (sand'bal), n. A ball of soap mixed 
with fine sand for the toilet: used to remove 
roughness and stains from the hands. 
Sand-baits are made by incorporating with melted and 
perfumed soap curtain proportions of flne river sand. 
Watt, Soap-making, p. 104. 
sand-band (sand'band), n. In a vehicle, an 
iron guard-ring over the inside of the hub of a 
wheel, and projecting over its junction with the 
335 
Sandarac-tree (Callit 
5339 
axle, designed to keep sand and dust from work- 
ing into the axle-box. E. H. Jiniglil. 
sand-bank (sand'bangk), n. A bank of sand; 
especially, a bank of sand formed by tides or 
currents. 
Sand-bath (sand'bath), n. 1. A vessel contain- 
ing warm or hot sand, used as an equable heater 
for retorts, etc., in various chemical processes. 
2. In med., a form of bath in which the body 
is covered with warm sea-sand. 3. The roll- 
ing of fowls in sand, by which they dust them- 
selves over to cleanse the skin and feathers; 
the act of pulverizing ; saburration. 
sand-bear (sand'bar), n. The Indian badger 
or bear-pig, Arctonyx collaris. See balisaur. 
sand-bearings (sand'bar"ingz), n.pl. See bear- 
ing. 
sand-bed (sand'bed), n. In metal., the bed into 
which the iron from the blast-furnace is run ; 
the floor of a foundry in which large castings 
are made. 
sand-beetle (sand'be'tl), n. Any member of 
the Troaida. Adams, Man. Nat. Hist. 
sand-bellows (sand'bel"6z), n. Ahand-bellows 
for throwing sand on a newly painted surface, 
to give it the appearance of stone. 
sandbergerite (sand'berg-er-it), n. [< F. Sand- 
berger (b. 1826) + -ite 2 .] In mineral., a variety 
of tennantite, or arsenical tetrahedrite, con- 
taining a considerable amount of zinc. 
sand-bird (sand'berd), n. A sandpiper or some 
similar bird; a shore-bird. 
sand-blackberry (sand'blak"ber-i), n. See 
blackberry and Itubus, 
sand-blast (sand'blast), n. Sand driven by a 
blast of air or steam, used to cut, depolish, or 
decorate glass and other hard substances. Com- 
mon hard sand and other substances are thus used as ab- 
radants. The blast throws the particles violently against 
the surface, in which each particle makes a minute break, 
and the final result is the complete and rapid cutting of 
the hardest glass or stone. Paper or gelatin laid on the 
surface resists the sand and makes it possible to cut on 
glass, etc., the most intricate patterns. The method is also 
used for ornamenting marble and stone, usually with the 
aid of iron patterns, and for cleaning and resharpening 
flies. Also called sand-jet. 
This thin envelope is cut through to the plain glass by 
the sand-blast or acid to make the lettering in signs. 
Harper's May., LXXIX. 255. 
sand-blind (sand'blind), a. [< late ME. sandc- 
blyndc ; supposed to be a corruption, simulating 
sand (as if having eyes blurred by little grains 
or specks ; cf . sanded, 4), of an unrecorded * yam- 
blind, half-blind, < AS. sam- (= L. semi- = Gr. 
iliu-), half (see sam-, semi-,^ he-mi-), + blind, blind : 
see blind 1 .] Purblind ; dim-sighted. [Obsolete 
or archaic.] 
O heavens, this is my true-begotten father ! who, being 
more than sand-blind, high gravel-blind, knows me not. 
Shale., M. of V., ii. 2. 37. 
I have been sand-blind from my infancy. 
Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure, ii. 1. 
sand-blindness (sand'blind'nes), 71. The state 
of being sand-blind. 
sand-blower (sand'bl6"er), n. A simple appa- 
ratus for throwing fine sand thinly and evenly 
upon a freshly painted surface ; a sand-bellows. 
sand-board (sand'bord), n. In a vehicle, a bar 
over the rear axle and parallel with it, resting 
upon the hind hounds at the point where they 
cross the axle. 
sand-box (sand'boks), n. 1 . A box with a per- 
forated top or cover for sprinkling paper with 
sand. 2. Abox filled with sand, usually placed, 
in American locomotives, on top of the boiler 
and in front of the driving-wheel, with a pipe 
to guide the sand to the rail when the wheels 
slip owing to frost, wet, etc. See cut under 
passenger-engine. 3. A tree, 
Hum crc/titans. The fruits are of 
the shape shown in the cut, about the 
size of an orange, having a number of 
cells, each containing a seed. When 
ripe and dry they burst with a sharp 
report. See Uura (with cut). Fiuit of the Sand- 
sand-brake (sand'brak), n. A * fi ,J,). W" 
device in which the resistance 
offered by sand in a box surrounding a car- 
axle is automatically made to stop a train when 
the cars accidentally separate, or if the speed 
reaches a dangerous point. 
sand-bug (sand'bug), . 1. A burrowing crus- 
tacean of the family Hippidse. See cut under 
Ili/i/ia. 2. Some hymenopterous insect that 
difrs in the sand, as a digger-wasp; a sand- 
wasp: a loose popular use. [U. S.] 3. Any 
member of the (lalgulidie. 
sand-bur (sand'ber), n. A weed, Nolanum ros- 
fi-titiim, a native of the great plains of the 
sanded 
western United States, thence spreading east- 
ward. The fruit fills closely the extremely 
prickly calyx. 
sand-burned (suud'bernd), a. In founding, not- 
ing the surface of a casting to which the sand 
of the mold has become partially fused and has 
united with the metal, thus forming a rough 
casting. This defect is due either to unsuitable 
sand or to the lack of proper blacking of the 
mold. E. H. Knit/lit. 
sand-canal (sand'ka-nal"), w. The madreporic 
canal of an echinoderm ; the stone-canal. See 
diagram under Echinoidca. 
sand-cherry (sand'cher''!), . The dwarf cher- 
ry, I'runus pumila. 
sand-clam (sand'klam), n. The common long 
clam, Mi/a arenaria. 
sand-club (sand'klub), n. A sand-bag. 
sand-cock (sand'kok), H. The redshank, To- 
laiiuticalidris. See cut under redshank. [Local, 
British.] 
sand-collar (sand'koFiir), n. A sand-saucer. 
sand-corn (sand'kom), . [< ME. *sandcorn, 
< AS. sand-corn (= G. sandkorn = Icel. sand- 
korn = Sw. sandkorn = Dan. sandskorn), a grain 
of sand, < sand, sand, + corn, corn: see sand 1 
and corn 1 .] A grain of sand. 
sand-crab (sand'krab), n. A crab of the genus 
Ocypoda, which lives on sandy beaches, runs 
very swiftly, and burrows in the sand; also, 
the lady-crab, Platyonychus ocellatus. See cut 
under Platyonychus. 
sand-crack (sand'krak), n. I. A fissure or 
crack in the hoof of a horse, extending from 
the coronet downward toward the sole. It occurs 
mostly on the inner quarters of the fore feet and on the 
toes of the hind feet. It is due to a diseased condition of 
the horn-secreting membrane at the coronet, and is liable 
to cause lameness. 
2. A crack which forms in a molded brick prior 
to burning, due to imperfect mixing. 
sand-cricket (sand'krik'et), n. One of certain 
large crickets of odd form common in the 
western United States and belonging to the 
genus Stenopelmatus. S. fasciatits is an exam- 
ple. It is erroneously considered poisonous by 
the Mexicans. See cut under Stenopelmatus. 
sand-crusher (sand'krush"er), n. A form of 
Chilian mill for breaking up sand to a uniform 
fineness, and washing it, to free it from foreign 
matters. It is employed especially in prepar- 
ing sand for use in glass-manufacture. E. H. 
Knight. 
sand-CUSk (sand'knsk), n. A fish of the genus 
Ophidium. See cut under Ophidiwn. 
sand-dab (sand'dab), n. A kind of plaice, the 
rusty dab, Limanda ferruginea, found along the 
Atlantic coast of the United States, especially 
northward. Its colored side is brownish-olive 
with irregular reddish spots. See dab'- 2 . 
sand-dart (sand'dart), n. A British noctuid 
moth, Agrutis ripse. 
sand-darter (sand'dar'ter), H. An etheostomine 
fish of the genus Ammocrypta, several species 
of which occur in the United States. The most 
interesting of these is A. pellucida, about 3 inches long, 
abounding in clear sandy streams of the Ohio valley and 
northwestward. See darter. 
sand-diver (sand'di"ver), n. Same as sand- 
darter. 
sand-dollar (sand'dol"ar), n. A flat sea-urchin, 
as Echinarachnius parma, or Mellita quinque- 
fora; a cake-urchin. The fishermen on the coast of 
Maine and New Brunswick sometimes prepare a marking- 
ink from sand-dollars, by rubbing off the spines and skin, 
and, after pulverizing, making the mass into a thin paste 
with water. See placenta, SeuteUida, shield-urchin, and 
cuts under Encope, cake-urchin, and sea-urchin. 
Sand-drier (sand'dri"er), re. An apparatus for 
eliminating moisture from sand, either by con- 
duction or by a current of hot air. 
sand-drift (sand'drift), M. Drifting or drifted 
sand; a mound of drifted sand. 
sand-dune (sand 'dun), n. A ridge of loose 
sand drifted by the wind: same as dune 1 . 
Having ridden about twenty-five miles, we came to a 
broad belt of sand-dunes, which stretches, as far as the 
eye can reach, to the east and west. 
Darwin, Voyage of Beagle, I. 96. 
sanded (san'ded), a. [< sand 1 + -ed 2 . Indef. 
4 a particular use, as if ' having sand or dust 
in the eyes,' with ref. to sand-blind, q. v.] 1. 
Sprinkled with sand. 
The whitewashed wall, the nicely sanded floor. 
Goldsmith, Des. VII., 1. 227. 
2. Covered with sand. 
The roused-up River pours along : 
Resistless, roaring, dreadful, down it comes, . . . 
Then o'er the sanded valley floating spreads. 
Thomson, Winter, 1. 100. 
