sanguinous 
sangllinoust (sang'gwi-mis), a. [= It. sangui- 
iiiixo, < ML. finguinoKits, full of blood, < L. XIIH- 
i/nin (xangiiiii-), blood: see sanguine. Cf. san- 
giiini'iiiift.] Same as stingiihiiirij. 
It is no desertless offlco to discover that subtle and in- 
satiate beast [the wolf] ; to pull the sheepskin of hypoc- 
risy over his ears; and to expose his forming malice and 
sanituinuux cruelty to men's censure and detestation. 
/feu. T. Adatnt, Works, III. xlii. 
Sanguisorba (sang-gwi-sor'bii), n. [NL. (Rup- 
pius, 1718), so called as being used to stanch 
the flow of blood (a use perhaps suggested by 
the blood-red flower) ; < L. sanguis, blood, + 
sorbere, absorb : see absorb.'] A former genus 
of rosaceous plants, now included as a subge- 
nus in the genus Poterium, distinguished from 
others of that genus by its single carpel, smooth 
hard fruit, and stamens not more than twelve. 
Sanguisuga (sang-gwi-su'ga), n. [NL. (Sa- 
vigny), < L. sanguisuga, a blood-sucker, leech: 
see sangsue.] A genus of leeches: synony- 
mous with Birudo. The officinal or Hungarian 
leech is often called S. officinalis. See cut un- 
der leech. 
sanguisuge (sang'gwi-suj), n. [< NL. Sangui- 
suga.] A saugsue; a leech; a member of the 
old genus Sanguisuga. 
sanguisugent (sang-gwi-su'jeut), a. [< L. san- 
guis, blood, + sugen(t-)s, ppr. of sugere, suck: 
see suck. Cf. sanguisuge.'] 1. Blood-sucking, 
as a leech; pertaining to a sanguisuge. 3. 
Sanguivorous, as a blood-sucking bat or vam- 
pire. 
sanguisugous (sang-gwi-su'gus), a. [< L. san- 
guisuga, a blood-sucker (see sanguisuge), + 
-ous.] Blood-sucking. [Rare.] 
These were the sanguisuyous wolves, Papists. 
Bee. T. Adams, Works, II. 120. 
sanguivolentt (sang-gwiv'o-lent), a. [< L. 
sanguis, blood, + volen( t-)s, ppr. of volere, wish. 
want.] Bloodthirsty; bloody. 
Afariug. Oh, I am slain ! . . . 
LaeKa. Sanguivolent murderers! 
Can soldiers harbour such damn'd treachery ? 
Beau, and Fl. ('I), Faithful Friends, iii. 3. 
sanguivorous (sang-gwiv'o-rus), a. [< 1i.sa.n- 
gitis, blood, + vora-re, devour.] Feeding on 
blood ; sanguisugent, as a bat : specifically not- 
ing the true vampires or blood-sucking bats. 
Also sanguintiorotis. 
Vampyrus spectrum, L. , a large bat inhabiting Brazil, 
of sufficiently forbidding aspect, which was long consid- 
ered by naturalists to be thoroughly sanguivorous in its 
habits. Encyc. Brit., XXIV. 52. 
sangwinet, a. and n. An obsolete spelling of 
sanguine. 
sanhedrim, sanhedrin (san'he-drim, -drin), n. 
[= F. sanhedrin = Sp. sanedrin = Pg. sanedrim, 
synedrim = It. sanedrin = G. sanhedrin, < late 
Heb. sanhedrin, < Gr. avveSpiov, a council, lit. ' a 
sitting together,' < aim, together, + eSpa, a seat, 
= E. settle 1 .] 1. The supreme council and 
highest ecclesiastical and judicial tribunal of 
the Jewish nation. It consisted of 71 members, com- 
posed of the chief priests, elders, and scribes, and held 
daily sessions, except on sabbaths and festivals: specifical- 
ly styled the great sanhedrim, to distinguish it from the 
lesser or provincial sanhedrim of 23 members appointed 
by the great sanhedrim, and having jurisdiction over 
minor civil and criminal cases. Such lesser tribunals were 
set up in towns and villages having not fewer than 120 
representative men, including a physician, a scribe, and 
a schoolmaster. The great sanhedrim is said in the Tal- 
mud to have had its origin in the appointment by Moses 
of 70 elders to assist him as magistrates and judges (Num. 
xi. 16). The Greek origin of the name, however, seems to 
indicate that the thing originated during the Macedonian 
supremacy in Palestine. The name was dropped under 
the presidency of Gamaliel IV. (A. D. 270-300), while the 
institution itself became extinct on the death of its last 
president, Gamaliel VI. (426). 
Christian parliaments must exceed its religion and 
government of the sanhedrim. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 11. 
2. By extension, some similar assembly ; a par- 
liament. 
Let him give on till he can give no more, 
The thrifty Sanhedrin shall keep him poor ; 
And every shekel which he can receive 
Shall cost a limb of his prerogative. 
Drydcn, Abs. and Achit., 1. 390. 
sanb.edri.st (san'he-drist), n. [< xanliedr(im) + 
-/.] A member of the sanhedrim. [Rare.] 
sanicle (san'i-kl), n. [< ME. sriniclr =? D. sani- 
kel = tLG. xinini-l.-i'le = MHG. G. Sw. Dan. sani- 
kel, < OF. (and F.) sanicle = Sp. saniciila = Pg. 
sanicufa = It. minicolii. < ML. (and NL.) ftimi- 
cula, f., also xiiiiiniliiiii. n.. sanicle, so called 
from its healing wounds, in form dim. of L. 
saniix. sound, healthy, ). vulture, heal : see xane^.] 
1. A plant of the genns Sanlcu Ja. The common 
sanicle, called wood-sanide, is S. Europsm, of Europe and 
5335 
Flowering Plant of Sanicle (Sanicula Marilattdica]. 
a, a male flower ; b, the fruit. 
central Asia, a plant once credited with great remedial 
virtues. There are several American species, of which S. 
Marilandica, called Mack snakeroot, is said to possess some 
medicinal properties. 
Sanicle. with its tenacious burrs, in the woods. 
The Century, XXXVHI. 647. 
2. A plant of some other genus. See the 
phrases. Alpine sanicle, a plant of the genus Cortu- 
sa (which see). American sanicle. See Heuchera. 
Bear's-ear sanicle. See Cartusa. Great sanicle, an 
oldnameofj4(cAniiKaTOfo'aris,thelady's-mantle, probably 
from a resemblance of its leaves to those of the true sani- 
cle. Indian or white sanicle, the white snakeroot, Eu- 
patorium ageratoides. Wood-sanicle. See def. 1. 
Sanicula (sa-nik'u-la), n. [NL. (Rivinus, 
1699): see sanicle.] A" genus of umbelliferous 
plants, type of the tribe Saniculex. It is charac. 
terized by a two-celled ovary ; by fruit forming a small 
bur usually covered with hooked bristles ; and by flowers 
in small and commonly panicled umbels, with small bracts, 
most of the flowers unisexual, the staminateallpedicelled. 
There are about 12 species, chiefly North American, some 
South American, either in the Andes or beyond the tropics, 
a few existing elsewhere, particularly S. Europaa, widely 
distributed over the Old World. They are herbs with leaves 
palmately divided into three or five toothed or dissected 
segments, and irregularly compound umbels of small and 
usually greenish flowers. The name sanicle applies to the 
species in general ; S. Marilandica of the eastern United 
States is also called black snateroot. See sanicle. 
Saniculeas (san-i-ku'le-e), n. pi. [NL. (Koch, 
1824), < Sanicula + -eie.] A tribe of umbellif- 
erous plants, typified by the genus Sanicula. it 
is characterized by commonly conspicuous calyx-teeth, ir- 
regularly compound inflorescence, and a fruit somewhat 
transversely cylindrical or compressed, its furrows with- 
out oil-tubes. It includes 10 genera, of which Eryngium 
and Sanicula (the type) are the chief. 
sanidaster (san'i-das-ter), n. [NL., < Gr. aai>lf 
(aavif-), a board, tablet, + aarrip, a star.] In 
the nomenclature of sponge-spicules, a kind 
of microsclere or flesh-spicule, consisting of a 
straight axis spinose throughout its length. 
This [spiraster], by losing its curvature, becomes the 
sanidastfr, and by simultaneous concentration of its 
spines into a whorl at each end, the amphiaster. 
Encyc. Brit., XXII. 417. 
sanidine (san'i-din), . [< Gr. aav'if (davit-), a 
board, tablet covered with gypsum, + -ic 2 .] 
A variety of orthoclase feldspar, occurring in 
glassy transparent crystals in lava, trachyte, 
and other volcanic rocks, chiefly those of com- 
paratively recent age. It usually contains 
more or less soda. 
sanidine-trachyte (san'i-din-tra"klt), n. A 
variety of trachyte, the ground-mass of which 
consists almost wholly of minute crystals of 
sanidine. 
sanidinic (san-i-din'ik), a. [< sanidine + -ic.] 
Containing or resembling sanidine. Enei/c. 
Brit., XVIII. 748. 
sanies (sa'ni-ez), n. [= F. sanie = Pg. sanie, < 
NL. sanies, < L. sanies, diseased blood, bloody 
matter ; perhaps connected with sanguis, blood : 
see sangJ.] A thin greenish or reddish dis- 
charge from wounds or sores, less thick and 
white than laudable pus. 
sanify (san'i-fi), . t. ; pret. and pp. sanified, 
ppr. sonifying. [< L. saints, sound (see sinie 1 ), 
+ -ficare, < facere, make, do : see -fy.] To 
make healthy; improve insanitary conditions. 
[Rare.] 
Where this [ simplicity and frugality of living] is achieved, 
voluntary celibacy will become discreditable, . . . and the 
sanjakate 
premature deaths of the bread-winners disappear before 
sanified cities and vanishing intemperance. 
W. It. Greg, Enigmas of Life, p. 51, note. 
saniOUS (sa'ni-us), a. [= F. sanieux = Pr. sanios 
= Sp. Pg. It. sanioso, < L. saniosus, full of 
bloody matter, < sanies, corrupted blood, bloody 
matter: see sanies.] 1. Pertaining to sanies, 
or partaking of its nature and appearance. 
2. Excreting or effusing: as, a sanious ulcer. 
sanitarian (san-i-ta'ri-an), . [< sanitary + 
-an.] A promoter of, or one versed in, sani- 
tary measures or reforms. 
According as one is a sanitarian, a chemist, or a ma- 
larialist. Harper' t Mag., LXIX. 441. 
sanitarily (san'i-ta-ri-li), adr. As regards 
health or its preservation. 
sanitarist (san'i-ta-rist), n. [Irreg. < sanitary 
+ -ist.] One who advocates sanitary mea- 
sures; one especially interested in sanitary 
measures or reforms. 
sanitarium (san-i-ta'ri-um), n. [NL., neut. of 
"sanitarius: see sanitary. Cf. sanatorium.] An 
improper form for sanatorium. 
sanitary (san'i-ta-ri), a. [= F. sanitaire = Sp. 
Pg. It. sanitario,'< NL. as if *sanitarius, irreg. 
< L. sanita(t-)s, health: see sanity.] Pertain- 
ing to health or hygiene or the preservation of 
health ; hygienic ; healthy. 
These great and blessed plans for what is called sani- 
tary reform. Kingsley. 
Solitary communion with Nature does not seem to have 
been sanitary or sweetening in its influence on Thoreau's 
character. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 200. 
Sanitary cordon. See cordon. Sanitary science, such 
science as conduces to the preservation of health by show- 
ing how the parasitic and other causes of disease may 
be avoided. Sanitary ware, coarse glazed earthenware 
used for drainage and for sewer-pipes. United States 
Sanitary Commission, a body created by the Secretary 
of War in 1861, and charged with the distribution of "re- 
lief" to the soldiers during the civil war. The relief in- 
cluded food, clothing, medical stores, hospital supplies, 
etc. In addition the commission provided for the lodging 
of many soldiers, the preparation of hospital directories, 
the collection of vital statistics, the inspection of hospi- 
tals, and the adoption of various preventive measures. Its 
members were appointed by the Secretary of War and the 
United States Medical Bureau. = Syn. Sanitary, Sanatory. 
These two words are often confounded. Sanitary means 
"pertaining to health, hygienic": as, sanitary science; 
sanitary conditions (which may be good or bad). Sana- 
tory means "serving to heal, therapeutic": as, sanatory 
medicines or agencies. 
sanitate (san'i-tat), v. I. ; pret. and pp. sani- 
tated, ppr. sanitating. [< L. sanita(t-)s, health 
(see sanity), + -ait 2 .] To render healthy ; pro- 
vide with sanitary appliances: as, to sanitate a 
camp. [Rare.] 
sanitation (san-i-ta'shpn), . [< sanitate + 
-ion.] The practical application of knowledge 
and science to the preservation of health ; the 
putting and keeping in a sanitary condition. 
Charles Kingsley, whose object in his novels was to preach 
sanitation, should be placed at the head of the list of those 
who have vividly depicted well-known diseases. 
Nineteenth Century, XX. 582. 
Later legislation [in England] has charged the Board of 
Guardians with the care of the sanitation of all parts of the 
Union which lie outside urban limits. 
Woodrow Wilson, State, 789. 
sanitory (san'i-to-ri), a. An erroneous form for 
nanitanj. [Rare.] 
Estimating in a sanitory point of view the value of any 
health station. SirJ. D. Hooker. (Imp. Diet.) 
sanity (san'i-ti), n. [= F. sanite, sanity, ver- 
nacularly sanie, health, OF. sante, sanite, san- 
teit, saniteit, health, = Sp. sanidad = Pg. sani- 
dade = It. sanita, health. < L. sanita(t-)s, sound- 
ness of body, health, also soundness of mind, 
reason, good sense, sanity, also correctness and 
propriety of speech, < saints, sound, healthy, 
sane: see sane 1 .'] The state or character of 
being sane ; soundness of mind ; saneuess. See 
insanity, 
sanjak(san'jak), n. [Also *a/ac, sandjak, san- 
giac F.), formerly also samaek ; = F. sangiac 
= Sp. Pg. sanjaco = Ar. sinjaq, < Turk, sanjaq, a 
minor province or district (so called because the 
governor is entitled to carry in war a standard 
of one horse-tail), < sanjaq, flag, banner, a stan- 
dard.] 1. A Turkish administrative district of 
the second grade ; a subdivision of a vilayet or 
eyalet, governed by an officer formerly styled 
sanjak-bey (or -beg): now often styled mutessa- 
riflik, the governor being styled mutcssarif or 
l,-ii!ninkam. 2f. A sanjak-bey. 
Which are as Vice-royes, and haue their Begs or San- 
zackes under them. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 291. 
This country is called Carpousley ; it has in it five or six 
villages, and is governed by an agu under the sangiac of 
Smyrna. Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 67. 
sanjakate (san'jak-at), n. [Also sanjaente, san- 
giacate, sangiakute ; = F sangiacat = Sp. sunja- 
