sanjakate 
fi, sniijiiratii = IV- xaitjacado; as xanjuk + 
-uli'-'-.~\ Same as xaiijak, 1. 
sanjak-bey (san'jak-ba), . [< Turk. xaiijiiij- 
i'i/, < Hiinjiiq, a minor province, + beg,Taey: see 
itjak and 6eyl.] The governor of a sanjak. 
Fortie miles furtlier is Eossetto, which is a little towne 
without walles, . . . for gouerneraent whereof is appoint- 
ed a Saniacbey, without any other guarde. 
HaUwytt Voyages, II. 199. 
sank 1 (sangk). Preterit of *////. 
sank 2 t, A Middle English form of sang 3 . 
Sankhya (sang ' khya), . [8kt. sdnkliya, < 
samkhyd, number.] One of the six leading 
systems of Hindu philosophy. It is attributed to 
the sage Kapila, and is generally regarded as the system 
most akin to Buddhism, or out of which Buddhism ori- 
ginally developed. It postulates the existence of matter 
and of individual spiritual beings, subject to transmi- 
gration, and acknowledges no deity. It aims at the 
emancipation of spirit from the bonds of matter by means 
of the spirit's recognition of its complete diversity from 
matter. 
sannup (san'up), n. [Also sannop; Amer. Ind.] 
Among the American Indians, a married male 
member of the community; the husband of a 
squaw. 
Chickatabot came with his eannops and squaws, and pre- 
sented the governour with a hogshead of Indian corn. 
Winthrop, Hist. New England, I. 68. 
Our Indian rivulet 
Winds mindful still of sannup and of squaw. 
Emerson. Musketaquid. 
sanny (san'i), n. Same as sandy 1 . [Scotch.] 
sanpan, n. See sampan. 
San Paolo balsam. Same as copaiba. 
sans (sanz), prep. [Early mod. E. also sanse; 
< ME. sans, also sanz, sawn, < OF. sans, sains, 
seinz, senz, F. sans = Pr. sens, senes, ses = Cat. 
sens = OSp. sencs, sen, Sp. sin = Pg. sem = It. 
senza = Wall, sat, < L. sine (LL. "sinis (f )) (also 
sometimes nesi, and without the negative se, 
sed), < i, OL. sei, if, + ne, not: see we.] With- 
oiit: a French word which has existed long 
in English without becoming naturalized : now 
archaic or affected, except as used in heraldry: 
as, a dragon saw* wings; an ear of corn sans 
stalk. 
Sans teeth, gang eyes, sans taste, sang everything. 
Shale., As you Like it, ii. 7. 166. 
I am blest in a wife (Heaven make me thankful !) 
Inferior to none, sans pride I speak it. 
Fletcher (and Massinyer '!), Lovers' Progress, i. 1. 
sansa (san'sa), n. A musical instrument of per- 
cussion, resembling a tambourine. 
San Salvador balsam. Commercial balsam of 
Peru. See balsam. 
sans-appel (sanz'a-pel'), n. [< F. saws appel, 
without appeal: saws, without; appel, appeal: 
see saws and appeal.] A person from whose 
decision there is no appeal; one whose opin- 
ion is decisive; an infallible person. [Rare.] 
He had followed in full faith such a eanx-irppel as he held 
Frank to be. Kinffsley, Westward Ho, xix. 
Sanscrit, Sanscritic, etc. See Sanskrit, etc. 
sansculotte (sanz-ku-lof). [< F. sansculotte 
(see def.); < saws, without, + calotte, breeches, 
< cul, breech, < L. culus, breech: see recoil 1 !.] 
1. Literally, one who is without breeches: a 
name given to the poorer men of Paris who 
were prominent in the first French Revolu- 
tion and took part in the attacks upon the 
court, the Bastille, etc. Its precise origin has been 
much disputed. It appears as a designation willingly as- 
sumed from the very beginning of its use. 
Hence 2. An advanced Republican; a revo- 
lutionist ; by extension, a communist or anar- 
chist. 
sansculotterie (sanz-ku-lot're), w. [< F. sans- 
culotterie, < sansculotte, q. v.] Same as sans- 
eiilottism. 
sansculottic (sanz-ku-lot'ik), a. [< sansculotte 
+ -Jc.] Pertaining to or involving sansculot- 
tism ; revolutionary. 
Those sansculottic violent Gardes Francaises or Centre 
Grenadiers shall have their mittimus. 
Carlyle, French Rev., II. v. 1. 
sansculottide (sanz-ku-lot'id), n. [< F. sans- 
culottide, < sansculotte: see sansculotte.] One 
of the five (in leap-years six) complementary 
days resulting from the division of the year by 
the French revolutionists of 1789 into twelve 
months of thirty days each. They were added 
at the end of the month Fructidor. 
sansculottism (sanz-ku-lot'izm), n. [F. sans- 
culottisiiie; as sansculotte + -i's?.] The opin- 
ions and principles of the sansculottes in any 
sense. Carli/lc. 
sansculottist (sanz-ku-lot'ist), n. [< SUHXI-II- 
lotte + -is*.] 1. A sansculotte. 2. A person 
533G 
who approves in an alistnirt way of the doc- 
trines of the sansculottes, without taking active 
part in revolutionary measures. 
Sansevieria (win 'si-v-i-e'ri-a), H. [NL. (Thun- 
berg, 1 794), from the Prince of Sanseriero (1710- 
1771), a learned 
Neapolitan.] A 
genus of mono- 
cotyledonous 
plants of the 
order Heeino- 
doracese and 
tribe <>i>liii><>- 
goneee. Itischar- 
acterized by a long 
and slender peri- 
anth-tube, six tlli- 
fonn filaments, 
and a free ovary, 
fixed by a broad 
base, containing 
three cells and 
three erect ovules. 
There are about 10 
species, natives of 
tropical and south- 
ern Africa and of 
the East Indies. Sansniieria Ztylanica. a, flonrcr ; , fruit. 
They are plants of 
singular aspect, the true stem reduced to a short and thick 
rootstock from which spring long, thick, rigid, and some- 
times cylindrical leaves, which are erect or spreading, re- 
semble stems, and are filled with tough fibers. The flow- 
ers are of moderate size or sometimes very long, and are 
clustered among dry bracts in a dense raceme on a tall 
and stout unbranched leafless flower-stalk. This genus is 
the source of the fiber known as bowstring hemp, so named 
from a native use in India. (Bee moorea.) African bow- 
string hemp is the similar product of 5. Guineenns. 
Sanskrit (san'skrit), n. and a. [Also Sanscrit, 
formerly also Samskrit, Samkrit; =F. Sanskrit, 
sanserif, samskrit = Sp. Pg. It. sanscrito = D. G. 
Sw. Dan. Sanskrit, < Skt. Samskrita, Sanskrit, 
so called as being the cultivated or literary lan- 
guage, distinguished from the vulgar dialects, 
or, some say, because regarded as a perfect lan- 
guage, the speech of the gods, formed by in- 
fallible rules, < samskrita, prepared, formed, 
wrought, adorned, perfect, < sam, together (= 
E. same), + -s (euphonic) + krita, made, formed, 
< -\/ kar, make, akin to L. creare, create : see 
create. The name Sanskrit is opposed to Pra- 
krit, Skt. prdkrita, lit. 'common, vulgar,' the 
name given to the vulgar dialects which grad- 
ually developed from the original Sanskrit, 
and from which most of the languages now 
spoken in Upper India are derived, as the Ro- 
mance languages developed out of the vulgar 
Latin.] I. . The ancient and sacred language 
of India, being that in which most of the vast 
literature of that country is written, from the 
oldest parts of the Vedas (supposed to date from 
about 2000 - 1 500 B.C.) downward. It is one of the 
Indo-European or Aryan family of tongues, a sister of the 
Persian, Greek, Latin, Germanic, Slavonic, and Celtic 
tongues. The earliest Sanskrit of the Vedas differs con- 
siderably from that of the later literature. Though San- 
skrit has long ceased to be a vernacular language, it con- 
tinues to be employed, in its later form, for literary pur- 
poses, much as Latin continued and continues to be used 
as a learned tongue. Abbreviated Skt. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to Sanskrit: as, early 
Sanskrit idioms. Sanskrit (or Indo-Aryan) archi- 
tecture, the ancient architecture of the northern plain of 
India, and notably of the Ganges valley. A leading char- 
Sanskrit Architecture. Sumaree Temple, Benares, India. 
acteristic of the style is its predilection for tower-like 
temples of square plan with a vertical base and an upper 
part of convexly curved outline. From this style as an 
origin was developed the Jain architecture. See Jain. 
Sanskritic (san-skrit'ik). a. [Also ffanscritic 
(NL. Sanscriticus) ; as Sanskrit + -c.] Relat- 
ing to or derived from Sanskrit . 
The languages of the south [of Indial are Uravidian, not 
Saiiski-ttic. Encyc. Brit., II. 697. 
Santee beds 
Sanskritist(san'skrit-ist), ii. [A\o fianseriti.it; 
< Nniixkril + -ixt.] A person distinguished for 
attainments in Sanskrit. 
sans nombre (soil nom'br). [F. : .inns, with- 
out; nombre, number.] In her., repeated often, 
and covering the field: said of any small bear- 
ing: as, a field or mullets suns /<//;/< f;ules. 
The small bearings are generally arranged in a formal 
manner. By some writers it is held that the figures in sans 
nombre must not be cut off at the edges of the escutcheon. 
Compare setn^. 
Sanson's images. The reflections from the 
anterior surface of the cornea and the an- 
terior and posterior surfaces' of the lens of the 
eye. 
Sanson's map-projection. See prujiciinn. 
sans-serif (sanz'ser'if), n. [< F. sans, without, 
+ E. serif.'] A printing-type without serifs, 
or finishing cross-lines at the ends of main 
strokes. See serif, and Gothic, n., 3. [Eng.] 
sans SOUCl (sou s6-se')- [F.: sans, without; 
souci, care.] Without care ; free from care : 
used specifically as the name (Sans Souci) of a 
royal palace at Potsdam in Prussia, built by 
Frederick the Great. 
santt, a. and n. An obsolete form of x<iinl. 
Santa Ana bark. See bark'*. 
Santa F6 nutmeg. See nutmeg, 2. 
santal (san'tal), n. [< ML. santalum, sandal- 
wood : see sandalt.] Inphar., sandalwood. 
Oil of santal. See .///. 
Santalaceae (san-ta-la'se-e), w. pi. [NL. (R. 
Brown, 1810), < Santalum + -acex.] An order 
of apetalous plants of the series Aclilaniydo- 
aporeee. It is characterized by a one-celled inferior ovary 
with one, two, or three ovules, pendulous from the sum- 
mit of a slender erect stalk or funicuhig, and by a green 
or colored perianth of one row, commonly of four or five 
valvate lobes with as many stamens, and a flat, ring like, 
or sheathing disk. The fruit is a nut or more often a 
drupe, the exocarp either thin and dry or fleshy, or some- 
times thick, the nut or stone containing a roundish 
smooth, wrinkled, or deeply furrowed seed. The species 
are either trees, shrubs, or low herbs, a few parasitic on 
branches or on roots. They are distinguished from the 
allied Loranthacfse by the structure of the ovary, as well 
as their habit, which still more strikingly separates them 
from the Balannpharacex. There are about 200 species, 
distributed in 28 genera and 4 tribes, widely dispersed in 
tropical and temperate regions throughout the world. 
The leaves are alternate or opposite, smooth and entire, 
with the veins obscure, or sometimes all reduced to mere 
scales. The flowers are small or rarely conspicuous, green 
or yellowish, less often orange. Three genera extend into 
the United States Comandra, Pyrularia, and BuMfya. 
For illustrative genera, see Santalum (the type), Osyritt, 
and Pyrularia. 
santalaceous (san-ta-la'shius), . Of, per- 
taining to, or of the nature of the order Santa- 
lacese. 
santalic (san-tal'ik), a. [< santal + -ic.~\ De- 
rived from sandalwood. 
santalin (san'ta-lin), w. [= F. santaline; as 
xantal + -in 2 .] The coloring matter of red 
sandalwood, which may be obtained by evapo- 
rating the alcoholic infusion to dryness. It is 
a red resin, fusible at 212 F., and is very soluble in acetic 
acid, ae well as in alcohol, essential oils, and alkaline lyes. 
Santalum (san'ta-lum), n. [NL. (Linnaeus, 
1753), < ML. santalum, sandal: see8nrf^.] 1. 
A genus of apetalous trees and shrubs, the 
sandalwoods, type of the order Kantalareie, be- 
longing to the tribe Osyridese. The flowers are per- 
fect, marked by parallel anther-cells which open length- 
wise, by a sheathing disk produced into distinct fleshy 
scales, and by a bill-shaped or ovoid perianth, its tube 
adherent to the base of the ovary, the limb deeply divided 
into usually four valvate lobes, the stamens, together 
with clusters of hairs, borne on their base. The 8 species 
are native from the East Indies to Australia and the Pa- 
cific islands. They are smooth plants, bearing opposite 
or rarely alternate petioled coriaceous leaves, which are 
feather-veined, but with the midrib alone conspicuous. 
The flowers are borne in the upper axils or in short loose 
terminal panicles trichotomously branching, and are fol- 
lowed by roundish drupes crowned by the ring-like scar 
of the fallen perianth. For species, see sandalwood (with 
cut). 
2. [/. c.~\ The wood of Phroearpus SantaHmts, 
often called red sattnders. 
Santa Maria tree. See tree. 
Santa Martha bark. See liarlfl. 
Santa Martha wood. Same as peaek+iood. 
santee (san'te), n. [Guzerathi sdnti, a mea- 
sure of land, equal to either 60 or 90 bighas (see 
bega).] An East Indian land-measure, equal 
in some districts to as imich as can be plowed 
by two bullocks in a season, and in others to 
what three or even four bullocks can plow. 
Santee beds (san-te' bedz). [So called from 
the Santee river, South Carolina..] A division 
of the Lower Eocene, consisting, near Charles- 
ton in South Carolina, where it is well dis- 
played, of a white limestone with marly strata. 
The burstone of Georgia and Alabama is of the 
same geological age. 
