Sarabaite 
Sarabaite (sar-a-bft'it),**. [= V.saralm'itc: see 
Sariilxiitse.] One of the Sarabaitae. 
saraband (sar'a-band), n. [= G. sarabtiiiili, < 
P. sanibiuiile = It. xnralidiiila, <Sp. zaraliiniila 
= Pg. xarabanda, a dance of Moorish origin ; 
perhaps ult. < Pers. sarband, a fillet for fas- 
tening a woman's head-dress, < *', head (= 
Gr. Kapa, head: sec cheer), + band, a band: see 
/wwrf 2 .] 1. A slow and stately dance of Span- 
ish origin, primarily for a single dancer, but 
later used as a contra-dance. It was originally ac- 
companied by singing, and at one time was severely cen- 
sured for its immoral character. 
A saraband dance by a Moor constantly formed part of 
the entertainment at a puppet-show ; and this dance was 
always performed with the castanets. 
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 310. 
2. Music for such a dance or in its rhythm, 
which is triple and slow, usually with a decided 
emphasis upon the second beat of the measure. 
In the old suite, the saraband was the distinctively slow 
movement, and was usually placed before the gigue. 
How they are tickled 
Witli a light air, the bawdy saraband ! 
B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1. 
The canticles are changed to sarabands. 
Longfellow, Spanish Student, i. 3. 
Saracen (sar'a-sen), n. [Early mod. E. also 
Saracin; also "dial, sarsen (see below); < ME. 
saracen, sarezyn, saresyn, sarysyne, < OP. "sara- 
cin, sarracin, sarrasin, sarracen, F. sarrasin = 
Sp. saraceno = Pg. sarraceno = It. saracino (G. 
saracene), < LL. Saracenus, pi. Saracetii, a peo- 
ple of Arabia Felix, ML. Arabians, Arabs, 
Moors, < LGr. Zapa/vivof, Saracen, < Ar. sliarqm, 
pi. of sharqiy, eastern, sunny, Oriental, < sharq, 
east, rising sun, < sharaqa, rise. Cf. sarsenet, 
sarrasin, sirocco, from the same Ar. source.] 1. 
A name given by the later Romans and Greeks 
to the nomadic tribes on the Syrian borders of 
the Roman empire; after the introduction of 
Mohammedanism, an Arab; by extension ap- 
plied to Turks and other Mohammedans, and 
even to all non-Christian peoples against whom 
a crusade was preached. 
Lesse worth am I then any Sarygyne, 
Whiche is in beleue of sory Mahound ! 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 309. 
2f. One who continued to use the old low- 
framed Saracenic loom in the production of 
arras or Saracenic tapestry, as distinguished 
from those who adopted the high frame Sara- 
cen's comfrey, consound, and woundwort, old names 
of a species of ragwort, Senecio saracenicus, said to have 
been esteemed by the Saracens for healing wounds. 
Saracen's corn or wheat, the common buckwheat: a 
name alluding to its Asiatic origin. Saracen's stone, a 
name given in various parts of southern and southwestern 
England to blocks of sandstone which lie scattered over the 
surface, and which are of Eocene Tertiary age, being the 
relics of what was once a continuous covering of this 
rock extending over the chalk-downs of that region. It 
is of these blocks that Stonehenge and other so-called 
" druidical circles " were built. Also called Sarsen's stone, 
sarsen, and araywether. 
Saracenic (sar-a-sen'ik), a. [= F. sarrace- 
nique (cf. G. Saracenisch), < ML. Saracenicus, 
Saracenic, < LL. Saracenus, Saracen: see Sara- 
cen.'] Of or pertaining to the Saracens. 
The Saracenic music of the challengers concluded one 
of those long and high flourishes with which they had 
broken the silence of the lists. Scott, Ivanhoe, viii. 
Saracenic architecture, a general name covering all 
the various styles of Mohammedan architecture, wherever 
found, as the Arabic, Moorish, Alhambraic, and Indian- 
Saracenic styles. Despite local and race differences, all 
these styles bear a family resemblance to one another ; in 
jf'jf^'- '-" f*=^* .H 
-,}---- . -jiSe*_, < raak.4Ki_, 
Indian-Saracenic Architecture. Tomb of Sultan Humayun, Delhi, 
all occur, as features of construction, the pointed (often 
horseshoe) arch, the pointed (often bulbous) dome, and 
the rich surface-decoration in arabesque, with frequent 
use of niosiiic. or of geometrical design in pigments. See 
Alhambraic, Arafnc, Moyul, Mfwrixh. Saracenic work, 
Saracenic fabric, an early name for tapestry. 
5341 
Saracenical (sar-a-sen'i-kal), fl. [< Sariifi nit- 
+ -/.] Same iis Xitrareiiif. Sec t he quotation 
from Purchas under ItatehP, v. t., 2. 
saracenicum (sar-a-sen'i-kum), n. [ML., neiit. 
of Saracenicus, Saracenic : see Saracenic and 
fin fur net.'] Sarsenet. 
Saracenism (sar'a-sen-izm), n. [< Saracen + 
-ixi.\ Mohammedanism. 
All Forraigners, Christian, Mahometan, or Heathen, who 
come into this Island, . . . may easily see such sights as 
rather proclaim Saracenism, Barbarism, and Atheisme 
than such a sense of Christianisme as possessed our noble 
Progenitors. 
Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 556. (Dairies.) 
saragu (sar'a-go), n. Same as sargo. 
sarangousty (sar-an-gos'ti), re. A material 
obtained from a mixture of stucco with some 
water-proof substance, and used, either in a 
continuous sheet or in square tiles, as a pre- 
servative of walls, etc., from damp. 
Sarapis, . See Serapis. 
sarasin, n. See sarrasin. 
Saraswati (sa-ras'wa-te), n. [Hind.] Inffired 
myth., the goddess of speech, music, arts, and 
letters. 
sarau (sar'a), n. [E. Ind.] A kind of goat- 
antelope of India, Nemorlixdus rubidus. Enci/c. 
Brit., XII. 742. 
sarawakite (sar-a-wak'It), n. [< Sarawak (see 
def. ) + -ite 2 .] In mineral., a compound of an- 
timony occurring in minute colorless or pale- 
yellow octahedrons with the native antimony 
of Sarawak in Borneo : the exact composition 
is unknown. 
sarbacand (sar'ba-kand), re. Same assarbacane. 
These (the first tools) were invented, not by one man, 
nor at one spot upon the earth, but by many, and at points 
very distant from one another. Thus originated levers, 
rollers, wedges, and axes ; clubs and spears ; slings, sarba- 
cands, lassos : bows and arrows ; etc. 
Pop. Sci. Mo., July, 1878, p. 258. 
sarbacane (sar'ba-kan), re. [OF. sarbacane, 
alsosar&afazine(Cotgrave).] A blow-gun. Com- 
pare snmpitan. 
sarbitt, inter}. An exclamation of sorrow. 
[Scotch.] 
"0 sarbit!" says the Ladie Maisery, 
"That ever the like betide." 
Lord Wa'yatesand Avid Ingram (Child's Ballads, II. 331). 
sarcasm (sar'kazm), re. [< F. sarcasme = Pr. 
Sp. Pg. It. sarcasino, < L. sarcasmus, sarcasmos, 
< Gr. aapKaa^6c, a sneer, < aapK&^eiv, tear flesh 
like dogs, bite the lips in rage, sneer, < aap, 
(aapK.-), flesh.] A biting taunt or gibe, or the 
use of such a taunt; a bitter, cutting expres- 
sion ; a satirical remark or expression, uttered 
with scorn or contempt ; in rhetoric, a form of 
irony; bitter irony. 
When we deride with a certaine seueritie, we may call 
it the bitter taunt [Sarcasmus]. 
Pultenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie (Arber reprint), p. 200. 
It was the sarcasm of Montesquieu, " it would not do to 
suppose that negroes were men, lest it should turn out that 
whites were not." Emerson, West Indian Emancipation. 
= Syn, Irony, etc. (see satire), taunt, fling. 
sarcasmOUSt (sar-kaz'mus), a. [< sarcasm + 
-ous.~\ Sarcastic. 
When he gets a sarcasmous paper against the Crown, 
well backed with authority or quality, then he pours it put 
at full length. Roger North, Ezamen, p. 98. (Dames.) 
Like th' Hebrew calf, and down before it 
The saints fell prostrate, to adore it ; 
So say the wicked and will you 
Make that sarcasmous scandal true, 
By running after dogs and bears? 
Beasts more unclean than calves or steers. 
S. Butter, Hudibras, I. ii. 579. 
sarcastic (sar-kas'tik), a. [< F. sarcastique = 
Sp. sarcdstico = Pg. It. sarcastico (?), < Gr. *aap- 
KaariKof, sarcastic, < aapKa&iv, sneer: see sar- 
casm.'] Characterized by sarcasm ; bitterly cut- 
ting ; scornfully severe ; taunting. 
What a fierce and sarcasticJc reprehension would this 
have drawn from the friendship of the world ! South. 
The sarcastic bitterness of his conversation disgusted 
those who were more inclined to accuse his licentiousness 
than their own degeneracy. Macaulay, Machiavelli. 
sarcasticalt (sar-kas'ti-kal), a. [< sarcastic + 
al.] Sarcastic. 
He sets it down after this sarcastical manner. 
Strype, Memorials, Edw. VI., ii. 15. 
sarcastically (sar-kas'ti-kal-i), adv. In a sar- 
castic manner ; with bitter taunt. 
The deist Collins said, sarcastically, that nobody doubted 
the existence of the Deity until the Boyle lecturers had 
undertaken to prove it. 
Leslie Stephen, Eng. Thought, ii. 6. 
sarcet, and v. See sarse. 
sarcel (siir'sel), . [Also sereel; < OF. cereel, 
a circle, hoop, bend, the pinion or outer joint 
of a hawk's wing, < L. circcllus, dim. of circu- 
Sarciophorus 
IIIK. a ring, circle: see circle.'] Infiilctuiri/, the 
pinion or outer joint of a hawk's wing. 
Shaking on their sinnewie side 
Their long strong mrcels, richly triple-died 
Gold-Azure-Urimsin, th' one aloft doth soar 
To Palestine, th' other to Nilus shoare. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Magnificence. 
sarcele, sarcelle'e (siir-se-la'), a. [< OF. cer- 
cele, pp. of cerceler, < cerccl, a circle, hoop: see 
sarcel.'] Same as so/reeled Cross sarcel6. See 
crossi. 
sarceled. sarcelled (siir'seM), a. [< sarcel + 
-ed 2 .] In her., cut through the middle: espe- 
cially noting a beast or bird represented as 
so divided, and used as a bearing, the halves 
placed saltierwise or in some other way. Also 
cloven Cross sarceled resarceled. see crossi. 
Demi-sarceled, in her. , partly cut through, or having a 
deep notch or several notches cut in it : an epithet loosely 
used to denote various methods of notching or voiding : 
thus, a cross demi-sarceled has a square notch cut in each 
of its four extremities. 
sarcelle (sar-sel'), n. [F., also cercelle, a teal: 
see cercel.~] A kind of duck ; especially, a teal, 
as the garganey, Querquedula circia. Also scrcel. 
sarcenchymatous (sar-seng-kim'a-tus), a. [< 
sarcenchyme (NL. *sarccnchyma(i-)) + -ous.] 
Soft or fleshy, as a certain connective tissue of 
sponges ; of or pertaining to sarcenchyme. 
sarcenchyme (sar-seng'k!m), re. [< NL. *sar- 
cenchyma, < Gr. aapt; (cap*-), flesh, + eyxv/ia, an 
infusion: see enchymatous.~] One of the soft 
fleshy connective tissues of sponges, considered 
to be a modification of collenchyme, consisting 
of small polygonal granular cells either closely 
contiguous or separated by a very small quan- 
tity of structureless gelatinous matrix. 
Sarcenchyme would appear to originate from a densely 
granular collenchyme. Sollas, Encyc. Brit., XXII. 419. 
sarcenet, re. See sarsenet. 
Sarcicobrachiata (sar"si-ko-brak-i-a'ta), n. pi. 
[NL., <Gr. dap/awe., fleshy (< adpf (OTZ/M-'J, flesh), 
+ L. brachium, arm: see brachiate.] In some 
systems, an order of brachiopods whose fleshy 
arms have no shelly support, composed of the 
families Discinidse, Craniidse, and Lingulidas; 
the inarticulate or lyopomatous brachiopods. 
See Lyopomata. Also Sarcobrachiata. 
Sarcidiornis (sar-sid-i-6r'nis), re. [NL. (Eyton, 
1838, in form Sarkidionis), < Gr. aapniSiov, a bit 
of flesh (dim. of odpi; (aapK-), flesh), + ipvic, 
bird.] A genus of Indian and African spur- 
winged geese of the subfamily Plectropterinx, 
the type of which is S. melanonotus. 
Sarcina (siir-si'na), n. [NL. (Goodsir, 1842), 
< L. sarcina, a bundle, < sarcire, patch, mend.] 
1. A genus of schizomycetous fungi or bac- 
teria, closely allied to the genus Bacterium,. 
It is characterized by having the cells united in small but 
fixed numbers in regular families ; the cells are globular, 
dividing in two or three planes; daughter-cells a long 
time united, forming little solid or tubular families, which 
are often again united into larger colonies ; the families 
usually consist of four or some multiple of four cells. 
They are found in various organic fluids, especially those 
of the stomach, occurring in both health and disease. 
There are about 15 species or forms recognized, of which 
S. ventriculi occurs in the stomach of healthy and dis- 
eased man and the higher animals ; S. urinee occurs in 
the bladder ; S. littoral^ in putrid sea- water ; 5, hyalina 
in swamps ; S. Virchowii in the lungs, etc. 
2. \l. c.~] PI. sarcinx (-ne). A fungus of the 
genus Sarcina. 
sarciiiceform (sar-si'ne-f6rm), a. [< NL. Sar- 
cina + L. forma, form.] In bot., having the 
form or shape of plants of the genus Sarcina. 
sarcine (sar'sin), n. [Also sarJcin; < Gr. adp- 
KIVOC,, of flesh, < oopf (aapK-), flesh.] A weak 
organic base (CKr^N^O) existing in the juice 
of muscular flesh : same as hypoxanthine. 
sarcinic (sar-sin'ik), a. [< sarcina + -ic.'] Of 
or pertaining to, or caused by, sarcinee : as, sar- 
cinic fermentation. 
sarcinula (sar-sin'u-la), n. ; pi. sarcinulfe (-le). 
[NL., < L. sarcinula, dim. of sarcina, a bundle: 
see sarcina.'] Same as sarcina, 2. 
Sarciophorus (sar-si-of'o-rus), re. [NL. (Strick- 
land, 1841), < Gr. aapniov, a bit of flesh, + Qtpeiv 
= E. bear 1 .'] A genus of spur-winged plovers, 
or wattled lap wings, of the family Charadriidee, 
without any hind toe, with the wattles small, 
and the spur almost or quite obsolete. The type 
of the genus is the crested wattled lapwing, S. tectus, of 
Arabia and some parts of Africa, having a long pointed 
black crest when adult, and a band of black feathers from 
the neck along the breast ; the primary coverts and the 
bases of all the primaries white, and the terminal half of 
the outermost secondaries black. The black-breasted wat- 
tled lapwing is S. pectoralis, of Australia and Tasmania ; 
S. malabaricus is the Indian representative, and type of a 
subgenus Lobiplupia. The African S. albiceps, the black- 
shouldered or white-crowned wattled lapwing, is more 
aberrant, witli better-developed wattles and spurs, and 
gives rise to the generic name Xiphidiopterw (which see). 
