sarcitis 
sarcitis (sar-si'tis), n, [NL., < Gr. aap$ (aapn-), 
flesh. + -itift.} Same as niyottitift. 
sarclet (sar'kl), v. t. [Early mod. E. also sarkle; 
< OF. (and F.) sarcler, F. dial. (Norm.) jercir, 
sercler = Pr. salclar, serclar = Pg. sacliar = It. 
sarchiare, < LL. sarculare, hoe, < L. sarculux, 
sarculum, a hoe, < sarrirc (sarire), weed, hoe.] 
To weed with a hoe or some similar tool. 
To sarkle, to harrow, or rake over agayne. 
Flnrio, p. 444. 
sarcobasis (sar-kob'a-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. erapf 
(ffop/i-), flesh, + /idaic, a step, foot, base: see 
basis, base 2 .} In bot., an indehiscent, many- 
celled superior fruit, containing but few seeds ; 
a carcerule. The cells cohere to a common 
style, as about a common axis. 
Sarcobatideae (sar-kob-a-tid'e-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Bentham and Hooker, "1880)', < Sarcobattt* + 
-iili'tc.] A tribe of apetalous plants of the order 
Chenopodiaccse, consisting of the mouotypic ge- 
nus Sarcobatux. 
SarcobatUS (siir-kob'a-tus), n. [NL. (Nees, 
1817), so called from its habit and resemblance, 
< Gr. o-npf (aapn.-), flesh, + /ian'f, samphire.] An 
anomalous genus of apetalous plants, constitut- 
ing the tribe Sarcobatideee in the order Chenopo- 
diacese. It is char- 
acterized by its 
monoecious bract- 
less flowers, the 
staminate in cat- 
kins and without 
any floral envelops, 
the pistillate soli- 
tary in the axils, 
and having their 
top-shaped peri- 
anth wholly con- 
fluent with the ova- 
ry, which is trans- 
versely thickened 
above and termi- 
nated by two fleshy 
recurving stigmas, 
and which contains 
a single pear- 
shaped ovule. The 
fruit is a rigid mem- 
branaceous utricle, 
surrounded by a 
thin and veiny hori- 
zontal wing, and 
containing an erect 
orbicular seed, with 
green spiral embryo 
and inferiorradicle. 
The only species, S. 
verinicidatit8,isRna- 
five of the western 
United States, and 
is an erect much- 
branched spiny shrub, with numerous alternate leaves, 
which are linear, sessile, and somewhat fleshy, and cylin- 
drical catkins with persistent scales. It is known as 
ijreasewood, and is the principal shrub called by that name. 
sarcoblast (siir'ko -blast), . [< Gr. o-dpf 
(oapn-), flesh, + /j/taorof, a germ.] The germ 
of sarcode ; a germinating particle of sarcode, 
or sarcodous blastema. 
sarcoblastic (siir-ko-blas'tik), a. [< sarcoblast 
+ -ic.} Germinating or budding, as sarcode ; 
pertaining to a sarcoblast. 
Sarcoborinae (sar'ko-bo-ri'ne), n. pi. [NL. 
(M'Clelland, 1838), <'Gr. odpf (aapn-), flesh, + 
jiop&S, devouring.] A subfamily of cyprinoid 
fishes, distinguished by a short intestinal canal 
and adaptation for a carnivorous diet. It in- 
cludes the Le uriscinx, and numerous other rep- 
resentatives of the family I'yprinidse. 
Sarcobrachiata (siir-ko-bi-ak-i-a'ta), . pi. 
Same as tfarcicobrachiaia. 
sarcocarp (sar'ko-kiirp), n. [< Gr. aapl; (aapn-), 
flesh, + /capTrd'f, fruit.] In. bot., the fleshy part 
of certain fruits, placed between the epicarp 
and the endocarp; the mesocarp. It is that part of 
fleshy fruits which is usually eaten, as in the peach, plum, 
etc. See mesocarp, and cuts under dntpe and endocarp. 
sarcocele (siir'ko-sel), n. [< Gr. aapK.OKrff.ri, a 
fleshy excrescence on the scrotum, <<rdpf (aapK-), 
flesh, + K>//.r/, a tumor.] A fleshy tumor of the 
testis, as a carcinoma or sarcoma. 
Sarcocephaleae(sar'"ko-se-fa'le-e), n.pl. [NL. 
(A. P. de Candolle, 1830), < Sarcocepltalus + 
-ese.} A subtribe of plants of the order Rubia- 
ccse, typified by the genus Surcocephalus. 
Sarcocephalus (sar-ko-sef'a-lus), n. [NL. (A. 
Afzolius, 1824), so called in allusion to the fleshy 
mass formed by both flowers and fruit ; < Gr. 
o-dpf (nap/;-), flesh, + Kft/ia'Ar/, head.] A genus of 
gamopetalous plants of the order Kubiacex and 
tribe Naiicleese, type of the subtribe Sarcocr- 
phaleie. It is characterized by a somewhat funnel- 
shuped corolla with five or six rounded lobes above, and 
below a very smooth throat bearing five or six stamens, and 
by a two-celled ovary with nmneious ovules inibrieaU-d 
over placenta? which are pendulous from the summit of 
5342 
each cell. There are about 8 species, natives of the tropics 
In Asia, Africa, and Australia. They are shrubs and trees, 
or sometimes climbers, with opposite rigid leaves, con- 
spicuous triangular or obovate stipules between the peti- 
oles, and white or yellow terminal and axillary or some- 
times panicled flower-heads. The fruit is a fleshy syn- 
carp containing thin membranous partitions, with a few 
minute seeds in each carpel. (For S. esculvntus, also known 
as country-Jig, see Guinea peach, under peachl.) Several 
species produce a medicinal bark. See African cinchona 
(under cincftnna) and doundake bark (under bark'2). 
sarcocol (siir'ko-kol), . [< NL. garcocolla, < 
L. sarcocolla, < Gr. oapKondA/.a, a Persian gum, 
< ffdpf (aapK-j, flesh, + i<6)-/ji, glue.] A semi- 
transparent solid substance, imported from 
Arabia and Persia in grains of a light-yellow or 
red color. 
sarcocolla (sar-ko-kol'a), . [< L. sarcocolla, 
< Gr. oap/co/cd/./o, a Persian gum: see sarcocol.} 
1. Same as sarcocol. 2. [cap.'} [NL. (Kunth, 
1830).] A genus of apetalous shrubs of the 
order Peiieeacese. It is characterized by flowers with 
a long cylindrical perianth-tube which bears four valvate 
and strongly recurved lobes, and incloses four stamens, a 
cylindrical style with a terminal four-lobed stigma, and 
an ovary of four cells each with either two or four erect 
ovules. There are 9 or 10 species, all natives of South 
Africa. They are diminutive shrubs with large flowers. 
Greascwood (Sarcobatut vermtculatus). 
I, branch with female flowers; 2, branch 
with fruits ; a, a female flower ; b, the fruit. 
ly related g< 
known as sarcocol, the anzeroot of the Arabs and the yvjara 
of the Hindus, an ancient drug still much used medicinally 
in India, was formerly supposed to be obtained from plants 
of the genus Sarcocolla or Penaa ; but it comes from Ara- 
bia and Persia, where these do not grow, and is perhaps 
from plants of the genus Astragalus. 
sarcocollin (sar-ko-kol'in), n. [< sarcocolla + 
-in 2 .] Same as sarcocol. 
Sarcocystidia (sar'ko-sis-tid'i-a), n.pl. [NL., 
< Sarcocystis + -idia.} A division of Sporozoa, 
formed for the reception of the genera Sarco- 
cystis and Amoebidium, members of which are 
found parasitic in the muscular tissues of many 
animals. RutscMi. 
sarcocystidian (sar'ko-sis-tid'i-an), a. and . 
I. a. Of or pertaining to the Sarcocystidia. 
II. . A member of the Sarcocystidia. 
Sarcocystis (sar-ko-sis'tis), . [NL., < Gr. 
odpf (oapn-), flesh, + Kixrrif, the bladder: see 
cyst.} A genus of parasitic sporozoans, giving 
name to the Sarcocystidia. 
Sarcodaria (sar-ko-da'ri-a), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
oapKuAi/c, flesh-like, + -aria.] In H. Milne-Ed- 
wards's classification (1855), the second sub- 
branch of his fourth branch Zoophytes, distin- 
guished from his Radiaria (or echinoderms, 
acalephs, and polyps), and composed of the 
two classes Infusoria and Spongiaria. It thus 
corresponds to Protozoa, with the inclusion 
therein of the sponges. 
sarcode (siir'kdd). . and a. [< Gr. aapKudr/f, 
contr. of aapnoetor/f, flesh-like: see sarcoid.} 
I. n. Dujardiu's name of the primitive indiffer- 
ent substance of all animal bodies, as observed 
by him in certain protozoans : subsequently 
named and now usually called protoplasm or 
bioplasm. 
II. a. Sarcodic or sarcodous ; protoplasmic. 
Sarcodea (sar-ko'de-a), n. pi. [NL. : see sar- 
code.} Sarcodic animals, consisting chiefly or 
entirely of sarcode : a loose synonym of Proto- 
zoa. Also Sarcoidea. 
sarcoderm (sar'ko-derm), n. [< NL. sarcoder- 
ma, < Gr. o-dpf (aaftr), flesh, + Sip/fa, skin.] In 
bot., the middle fleshy layer in the testa of some 
seed, especially when it becomes succulent. 
sarcoderma (sar-ko-der'ma), n. [NL. : see sar- 
coderm.} Same as sarcoderm. 
Sarcodes (siir-ko'dez), n. [NL. (Torrey, 1850), 
so called with ref. to the red fleshy stem ; < Gr. 
aapK&6r/s, flesh-like: see sarcode.} A genus of 
gamopetalous plants of the order Monotropeae. 
It is characterized by the absence of a disk and the pres- 
ence of five concave and glandular-hairy persistent sep- 
als, a bell-shaped corolla with five short erect lobes, ten 
stamens with anthers erect in the bud, and a Hve-lobed 
ovary surmounted by a columnar style with a five-lobed 
stigma. The five ovary-cells contain very numerous 
ovules crowded on fleshy and two-lobed placenta?, and 
ripening into extremely minute ovoid seeds. The only 
species, S. languinea, is a native of the Sierra Nevada in 
California, and is known as snow-plant from the place of 
its growth. It is a leafless parasitic herb, like the Indian- 
pipe and others of its family, and bears numerous erect 
red flowers on a dense spike-like bracted raceme. The 
robust and fleshy stem is thickly covered with scales, and 
produces a coral-like mass of roots at its base. The whole 
plant is of a flesh-red color, and covered well to the base 
with crowded and persistent flowers. 
sarcodic (sar-kod'ik), . [< sarcode + -ic.} 
Same as sarcodous. Darwin. 
sarcodous (sar'ko-dus), a. [< sarcode + -ous.} 
Pertaining to sarcode; containing or consist- 
ing of sarcode ; resembling sarcode ; sarcodic ; 
protoplasmic. 
sarcomatous 
sarcognomy (siir-kog'no-mi), n. [< Gr. aupf 
(mipK-), flesh, + }j/i??, thought, judgment.] 
A study of corporeal development which seeks 
to explain tlio relations and correspondences 
between the body and the brain, and to show 
the corresponding physiological and psychical 
powers in each. J. If. Iti-lin>inn,l84'2. [Rare.] 
sarcoid (siir'koid), a. and n. [< Gr. aapKocitiqc, 
flesh-like, fleshy, < o-dpf (crapx-), flesh, + 5of, 
form ; ef. sarcode.} I. a. Resembling flesh ; 
fleshy, as the soft tissue of a sponge. 
II. n. A particle of the sarcoid tissue of a 
sponge. , 
Sarcoidea (sar-koi'de-a), M. pi. [NL.] Same 
us Narcodeu. 
sarcolactic (sar-ko-lak'tik), a. [< Gr. odpf 
(tmpK-), flesh, + L. lac(lact-), milk, + -ic.} Used 
only in the following phrase Sarcolactic acid. 
Same as paralactic acid (which see, under paralactic). 
sarcolemma (siir-ko-lem'a), .; pi. sarcolem- 
iiintii (-a-tii). [NL.', < Gr. o-dpf (aapn-), flesh, + 
/.f/i/ja, husk, skin.] An elastic transparent 
structureless membrane which forms a tubular 
sheath enveloping and supporting each fiber 
(bundle of fibrillte) of striped muscular tissue, 
excepting that of the heart. See muscular tis- 
sue, under muscular. 
The iarcolemma Is not contractile, but its elasticity al- 
lows it to adjust itself, pretty accurately, to the changes 
of form of the contractile substance which it contains. 
Huxley, Elem. Physiol., p. 327. 
sarcolemmic(sar-ko-lem'ik), a. [< sarcolemma 
+ -ic.} Investing or sheathing muscular fiber ; 
having the character of, or pertaining to, sarco- 
lemma: as, a sarcolcnimic tissue or sheath. 
sarcolemmous (sar-ko-lem'us), a. [< sarco- 
lemma + -ous.} Of, pertaining to, or of the 
nature of sarcolemma; resembling sarcolemma. 
Sarcolemur (sar-ko-le'mer), . [NL. (Cope, 
1875), < Gr. o-dpf (dapK-), flesh, + NL. Lemur.} 
A genus of extinct Eocene mammals from the 
Bridger beds of North America, presumably 
of lemuroid affinities, having quinquetuber- 
culate lower molars, the fifth cusp separated 
from the anterior inner one by an apical fissure 
only. 
sarcolite (sar'ko-lit), . [< Gr. o-dpf (trap*-), 
flesh, + /.tttos, a stone.] A silicate of alumin- 
ium, calcium, and sodium, occurring in reddish 
tetragonal crystals near Vesuvius: it is related 
in form to the scapolites. 
sarcolobe (sar'ko-lob), n. [< Gr. odpf 
flesh, + /of!6c, a lobe.] In bot., a thick fleshy 
cotyledon, such as that of the bean or pea. 
sarcologic (sar-ko-loj'ik), a. [< sarcolog-y + 
-ic.} Of or pertaining to sarcology. 
sarcological (sar-ko-loj'i-kal), a. [< sarcologic 
+ -?.] Same as sarcologic. 
sarcologist (sar-kol'o-jist), n. [< sarcolog-y + 
-ist.} One who is versed in sarcology. 
sarcology (sar-kol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. odpf (aapK-), 
flesh, + -toyia, < 'Aiyeiv, speak: see -oloijy.} The 
science of the soft or fleshy parts of the body : 
a department of anatomy distinguished from 
osteology. [Not in use.] 
sarcoma (sar-ko'ma), n. ; pi. sarcomata or sar- 
comas (-ma-ta, -maz). [NL., < Gr. odp/cu/w, a 
fleshy excrescence, < oapnovv, make fleshy, oap- 
Kovo6~ai, produce flesh, < aapf (aapn-), flesh.] 1. 
In hot., a fleshy disk. Hennlou: 2. lu patiiol., 
a tumor composed of tissue resembling embry- 
onic connective tissue. The sarcomas are of 
varying, usually high, grades of malignancy. 
Alveolar sarcoma. See alveolar. Giant-celled sar- 
coma, a kind of sarcoma formed chiefly of spheroidal or 
fusiform cells of variable size, but characterized by the 
presence of larger and smaller multinuclear cells called 
giant-cells. Also called myeloid sarcoma. Myelogenie 
sarcoma, a sarcoma arising in the bone-marrow. Mye- 
loid sarcoma. Same as giant-celled sarcoma. Osteoid 
sarcoma, a mixed tumor consisting in part of the tissue 
of flbrosarcoma and round- celled sarcoma, and, mingled 
with this, immature bone-tissue in varying amounts. Also 
called malignant osteorna and ogteoid cancer. Parosteal 
sarcoma, a sarcoma growing close to the outside of the 
periosteum. Periostea! sarcoma, a sarcoma arising in 
the periosteum. Eound-celled sarcoma, a sarcoma in 
which the cells are round, but may be large or small. The 
round-celled sarcomata are frequently very malignant, 
rapid in growth, soft, vascular, and were formerly called 
medullary cancers. Spindle-celled sarcoma, a sarcoma 
with fusiform cells, large or small. When the intercellu- 
lar substance is abundant, it is sometimes called \Jibrosar- 
cama, and is a form transitional in a fibroma. The spin- 
dle-celled sarcomas include forms formerly called Jibro- 
plastic tumors and recurrent fibroids. 
sarcomatosis (sar-ko-ma-to'sis), H. [NL., < Gr. 
adpKUfia(T-), a fleshy excrescence. + -oais.} Sar- 
comatous invasion or degeneration. 
sarcomatous (sar-kom'a-tus), a. [< sarcoma(t-) 
+ -outs.} Pertaining to or of the nature of a 
sarcoma. 
