satle 
satlet, *' -An obsolete f orm of settle 2 . 
satrap (sat/rap or sa'trap), . [In ME. sutra- 
per; < OF. satire, F. satrape = 8p. satrapa = 
Pg. satrapa = It. satrapo = I), satraap = G. Sw. 
Dan. satrap, < \j. satrapes, satrapa (pi. satrapse), 
also satraps (pi. sutrupes), < Gr. aarpdnt/f, also 
Eforpdjr^f, also *it;aitipdin/f (indicated by the verb 
e^aitipavs'vuv, found in inscriptions) = Heb. 
akkaslidarpnim, pi., a satrap, the title of a Per- 
sian viceroy or provincial governor, < OPers. 
khshatra-pa or Zend shoitlim-paiti, ruler of a 
region, < sltoithra, a region (= Skt. kslietra, a 
field, region, landed property), + paiti (= Skt. 
pati), a lord, chief: see despot, potent.'] A 
governor of a province under the ancient Per- 
sian monarchy; hence, a viceroy, or petty 
prince acting under an autocratic superior; 
figuratively, a despotic official under a tyrant. 
Now the sacred doors 
. . . admit obsequious tribes 
Of satraps ! princes ! 
Shenstone, Ruined Abbey. 
Satraps lorded it over the people as their king over 
them. B. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 461. 
satrapal (sat'rap-al), a. [< satrap + -al] Per- 
taining to a satrap or a satrapy. 
With the expedition of Alexander the satrapal coinage 
comes to an end, and is superseded by the new royal 
coinage of Alexander. 
B. V. Head, Historia Numorum, p. 597. 
satrap-crowned (sat'rap-kround), a. Crested : 
noting the golden-crested wren of North Amer- 
ica, liegulus satrapa. 
satrapert, . [ME. : see satrap.'} A satrap. 
Thi satrapers, thi senyowrs. 
Wars of Alexander (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1937. 
satrapess (sat'rap-es or sa'trap-es), n. [< sat- 
rap + -ess.] A female satrap. [Rare.] 
satrapical (sat-rap'i-kal ), a. [< satrap + -ical.] 
Satrapal. 
satrapy (sat'rap-i or sa'trap-i), .; pi. satrapies 
(-iz). [< P. satrapie = Sp. satrapia = Pg. sa- 
trapia = G. satrapie = Sw. satrapi, < L. satrapia, 
satrapea, < Gr. aarpamia, the office of a satrap, 
< aarpdiri/f, a satrap : see satrap.'] The govern- 
ment or jurisdiction of a satrap; a principality. 
The angels themselves . . . are distinguish'd and qua- 
ternion 'd into their celestial princedoms and satrapies. 
Milton, Church-Government, i. 1. 
So far as Egypt, from her vast antiquity, or from her 
great resources, was entitled to a more circumstantial 
notice tb,an any other satrapy of the great empire, such a 
notice it has. De Quincey, Herodotus. 
The fact that the range of the Indo-Bactrian alphabet 
was approximately coextensive with the limits of the east- 
ern satrapies of Persia seems to suggest that its introduc- 
tion and intrusion was a consequence of the Persian con- 
quest. Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, II. 262. 
Satsuma ware. See ware?. 
satteen, n. See sateen. 
sattiet, See sattij. 
sattyt (sat'i), n. [Also sattie; < It. saettia, "a 
.very speedie pinnace, bark, foyst, brigandine, 
or barge" (Florio), a light frigate, < saetta = F. 
sagettc, an arrow, < L. sagitta, an arrow : see sa- 
gltta. Cf.setteeZ, from the same It. source.] A 
merchant ship of heavy tonnage. 
Wee espied it to bee a sattie, which is a ship much like 
unto an argosey, of a very great burthen and bignesse. 
John Taylor, Works (1630). (Nares.) 
saturable (sat'u-ra-bl), a. [< P. saturable = Sp. 
saturable = Pg. sdturavel, < L. saturabilis, satu- 
rable, < satur, full: see saturate.'] That may be 
saturated; capable of saturation. 
saturant (sat'u-rant), a. [< L. saturan(t-)s, 
ppr. of saturare, saturate: see saturate.] Satu- 
rating; impregnating or soaking to fullness. 
saturate (sat'u-rat), v. t.; pret. and pp. satu- 
rated, ppr. saturating. [< L. saturatus, pp. of 
saturare (> It. saturare = Sp. Pg. saturar = F. 
saturer), fill full, < satur, full; akin to sat, satis, 
enough, and to E. sad : see sad, sate 2 .] 1. To fill 
full or to excess ; cause to be thoroughly pene- 
trated or imbued ; soak : as, to saturate a sponge 
with water; a mind saturated with prejudice. 
Innumerable flocks and herds covered that vast expanse 
of emerald meadow, saturated with the moisture of the 
Atlantic. Macaulay. 
It is no use reproducing a book which is saturated with 
discredited and forgotten philosophic theories. 
Westminster Rev., CXXV. 228. 
The more thoroughly a man is possessed by the idea of 
duty, the more his whole being is saturated with that idea, 
the more will goodness show itsulf in all his, even spon- 
taneous, actions. 
St. 0. Mivart, Nature and Thought, p. 160. 
2. In client., to impregnate or unite with till no 
more can be received: thus, an acid saturates 
an alkali, and an alkali saturates an acid, when 
the point of neutralization has been reached, 
6351 
and the mixture is neither acid nor basic in its 
character. 3. In physics : (a) To bring (a given 
space or a vapor) into a state of saturation. See 
saturation (b) (1). 
The difference between saturated and superheated steam 
may be expressed by saying that if water (at the tempera- 
ture of the steam) be mixed with steam some of the water 
will be evaporated if the steam is superheated, but none 
if the steam is saturated. Encyc. Brit., XXII. 483. 
(6) To magnetize (a magnet) to saturation, or 
so that the intensity of its magnetization is the 
greatest which it can retain when not under the 
inductive a.ction of a strong magnetic field. () 
In optics, to render pure, or free from admix- 
ture of white light: said of colors. 4f. To 
satisfy. 
After a saturating meal, and an enlivening cup, they de- 
parted with elevated spirits. 
Brooke, Fool of Quality, I. 91. (Dames.") 
saturate (sat'u-rat), a. [< L. saturatus, pp.: see 
the verb.] "l! Saturated. 
The lark is gay 
That dries its feathers, saturate with dew. 
Cowper, Task, i. 494. 
Though soak'd and saturate, out and out. 
Tennyson, Will Waterproof. 
2. In entom., deep; very intense: applied to 
colors: as, saturate green, umber, black, etc. 
saturater (sat'u-ra-ter), n. One who or that 
which saturates. Specifically (a) A device for sup- 
plying to a room or inclosed space air saturated with 
water-vapor. 
A saturater ... for supplying saturated air at the tem- 
perature of the room. 
Trans, of Cambridge Phil. Soc., XIV. 37. 
(b) In air-compressors, an apparatus that injects water into 
the compressor-cylinder to absorb the heat-equivalent of 
the work of compression : so called because the air leaves 
the compressor saturated with aqueous vapor, (c) In the 
production of the ether-oxygen lime-light, an apparatus 
for saturating oxygen with ether vapor. Also saturator. 
saturation (sat-u-ra'shon), n. [< F. saturation 
= Sp. saturation Pg"saturacao = It. satura- 
zione, < LL. saturatio(n-), a filling, saturating, 
< L. saturare, fill, saturate: see saturate.] The 
act of saturating or supplying to fullness, or 
the state of being saturated; complete pene- 
tration or impregnation. Specifically -(a) Jnchem., 
the combination or impregnation of one substance with 
another in such proportions that they neutralize each 
other, or till the receiving substance can contain no more. 
The saturation of an alkali by an acid is effected by chem- 
ical combination ; the saturation of water by salt is by the 
process of solution A fluid which holds in solution as much 
of any substance as it can dissolve is said to be saturated 
with it; but saturation with one substance does not de- 
prive the fluid of its power of acting on and dissolving 
some other substances, and in many cases it increases 
this power. For example, water saturated with salt will 
still dissolve sugar, (o) In physics; (1) With respect to 
the presence of a vapor, a space is said to be in a state of 
saturation when it contains all that it can hold at that 
temperature ; the vapor is also said to be in a state of satu- 
ration or at the dew-point (see vapor) ; it has then a maxi- 
mum elastic pressure for the given temperature, and is in 
a state where any Increase of pressure or lowering of tem- 
perature will cause it to be more or less condensed to a 
liquid state. (2) With respect to the presence of mag- 
netism, a bar is said to be magnetized to saturation when 
a maximum of permanent magnetic force has been im- 
parted to it, this maximum depending principally upon 
the material of which the bar is made. Saturation- 
equivalent, in ahem., a number expressing the quan- 
tity of a standard solution required to saturate or neu- 
tralize the standard quantity of a substance, as of a fatty 
acid. Saturation of colors, in optics, the degree of ad- 
mixture with white, the saturation diminishing as the 
amount of white is increased. In other words, the high- 
est degree of saturation belongs to a given color when in 
the state of greatest purity. 
saturation-pressure ( sat-u-ra ' sh on-presh"ur) , 
. The pressure (fixed for a given vapor at a 
given temperature) which is required to bring 
it to its maximum density. 
The saturation-pressure of any vapour at any tempera- 
ture is the same as the pressure at which the correspond- 
ing liquid boils at that temperature. 
A. Daniell, Prin. of Physics, p. 347. 
saturator, n. Same as saturater. 
Saturday (sat'er-da), n. [Early mod. E. also 
Saterday, Satterdayj Saturnday, etc.; < ME. Sat- 
erday, Satyrday, Saterdai, Seterdai, Sxtterdxi, < 
AS. Seeterdeeg, Ssetern-dseg, orig. with gen. Stet- 
eres-dssg, Seetres-dseg, Seeternes-deeg, prop, two 
words, Seeternes deeg (= OFries. Saterdei = MD. 
Saterdag, D. Zaturdag, Zaterdag = MLG. Sat- 
crdach, Satersdach, LG. Saterdach), 'Saturn's 
day' (of. Olr. dia-sathuirn, or sathairn, after L. 
Saturni dies, ' Saturn's day') : S/etern (gen. Siet- 
crnes), < L. Saturnus, Saturn (see Saturn); dxg, 
day (see day). The G. name is different: OHG. 
Sambaz-tag, MHG. Samz-tac, sampstac, G. samst- 
tag, in which the first element is Teut. "sambat 
= OBulg. ftanbota, Bulg. subota = Slovenian so- 
bota = Serv. subota = Bohem. Pol. sobota = 
Russ. subbota = Lith. subata, sabata = Hung. 
szombat = Rumelian sdmbata, sabbath, < Gr. 
Saturn 
'ad/ifiarnv, or some Oriental nasalized form of 
LGr. aa/lftarov, the Jewish Sabbath, the seventh 
day of the week, Saturday: see Sabbath. An- 
other G. name for Saturday is Sonnabend, ' Sun- 
even,' 'Sunday eve.'] The seventh or last day 
of the week; the day of the Jewish Sabbath. 
See Sabbath. Abbreviated S., Sat. 
Than made he hir suster come on a saterday, at even, to 
do hir more turment and anger, to loke yef he might gete 
hir in that manere. Merlin (E. E. T. a), I. 9. 
Satyrday, at aftyr noon, we visited places a bowyt Jheru- 
salem ; it was Seynt Jamys Day. 
Tvrkinyton, Diarie of Eng. Travel!, p. 62. 
Burial Saturday, a common medieval name for Easter 
eve. Egg Saturday. See eggi . Holy Saturday, the 
Saturday of Holy Week; the day before Easter. Hos- 
pital Saturday. See hospital. Saturday klrtlet, a 
garment kept for wear on holidays, or perhaps, in some 
cases, a clean kirtle first worn on Saturday. 
satureget, n. [ME., < OF. *saturege, saturige, 
< L. satureia, savory: see savory?.] The herb 
savory. 
Forto make a wyne to drynke swete 
Of saturege or f enel putte in meete. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.X p. 199. 
Satureia (sat-u-re'i-a), n. [NL., < L. satweia, 
savory: see saturege, savory 2 .] A genus of 
gamopetalous plants, of the order La&iatee, type 
of the tribe Satureinex, and belonging to the 
subtribe Men thoideee. It is characterized by four dis- 
tant and ascending stamens, an open bell-shaped calyx 
with flve equal teeth and ten equidistant nerves, and a 
corolla-tube which equals the calyx and bears a spread- 
ing and three-cleft lower lip and an erect flat and en- 
tire upper lip. There are about 15 species, natives of the 
Mediterranean region, excepting one, 5. rigida, which oc- 
curs in Florida. They are strongly aromatic herbs or un- 
dershrubs, with small entire leaves, often clustered in the 
axils, and flower-clusters or verticillasters either loosely 
few-flowered or densely many-flowered and globose or 
aggregated into a head, in the American species into a 
dense spike. See savory, the popular name of the genus. 
Satureineae (sat"u-re-in'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (End- 
licher, 1836), < Satureia '+ -inse.] A tribe of 
gamopetalous plants of the order Labiatee, char- 
acterized by a four-parted ovary forming four 
smooth dry nutlets in fruit, and by flowers 
with the calyx-nerves thirteen or less, the co- 
rolla-lobes usually flat, and the stamens four, 
or sometimes two, and either straight and di- 
verging or ascending. It Includes about 42 genera. 
~ ,pon ^ 
reia (the type), Mentha (type of the family), CMinmna, 
Cunila, Lycopus, and Pycnanthemum, prominent in the 
eastern United States, and Tfiymus, Melissa, Hedeoma, 
Hyssopus, Calamintha, Origanum, and Perilla, important 
genera of the Old World. See cuts under Hedeoma and 
Origanum. 
satuiityt (sa-tu'ri-ti), n. [< OF. saturite = It. 
saturita, < L. saturita(t-)s, fullness, satiety, < 
satur, full: see saturate.] Fullness or excess 
of supply; the state of being saturated; reple- 
tion. Cotgrace. 
They ... led a miserable life for 5. days togeather, 
with y e parched graine of maize only, and that not to 
saturitie. Peter Martyr, quoted in Bradford's Plymouth 
[Plantation, p. 136. 
In our plenty, saturity, satiety of these earthly bless- 
ings, we acknowledge not manum expansam, his whole 
hand of bounty opened to us ; though then we confessed 
digitum extensum, his finger striking us, and bewailed 
the smart. Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 420. 
Saturn (sat'ern), . [< ME. Satern, < AS. Seet- 
ern (in Seeternesdseg, Sxterndxg, Sxterdeeg, Sat- 
urday) ; ME. also as L., Saturnus = D. Saturnus 
= G. Saturn = Dan. Saturn, Saturnus = F. Sat- 
urne = Sp. Pg. It. Saturno: < L. Saturnus, Sat- 
urn; prob. < screre, pp. satus, sow: see sation, 
season.] 1. An ancient Italic deity, popularly 
believed to have appeared in Italy in the reign 
of Janus, and to have instructed the people in 
agriculture, gardening, etc., thus elevating 
them from barbarism to social order and civili- 
zation. His reign was sung by the poets as "the golden 
age." He became early identified with the Ki onus of the 
Greeks. Ops, the personification of wealth and plenty, 
was his wife, and both were the especial protectors of 
agriculture and of all vegetation. His festivals, the .s(- 
urnalia, corresponded to the Greek Kronia. 
2. The most remote of the anciently known 
planets, appearing at brightest like a first-mag- 
nitude star. It revolves in an orbit inclined 2J to 
the ecliptic, departing toward the north by that amount 
near Spica, and 
toward the 
south in the 
ribbon of the 
Fishes. Its 
mean distance 
from the sun is 
8.5 times that 
of the earth, 
or 872.000,000 
miles. Its side- 
real revolution 
The Planet Saturn, with its Ring. OCCUpieS SS> 
