saw-table 
Rocking saw-table, a form of cross-cutting machine in 
which the stuff is laid on a table which rocks on an axis, 
for convenience in bringing 
jt^Q stfS-i 
<J 106 r V 
D p """ 
f****| ,MMMMM^ 
H 
t--VWl 
I 
i"****? 
M 
N 
/VVWl 
Saw-teeth. 
A, cross-cut teeth ; B, perfo 
rated saw, same tooth as A ; C 
double-cutting cross-cut teeth 
n. cross-cut saw-teeth ; E shows 
set of teeth shown in A and n 
F, M-teeth, cross-cut; G, peg 
teeth or fleam-teeth, cross-cut 
Kniijhl. 
saw - tempering ( sa ' - 
tem"per-ing), . The 
process by which the 
requisite hardness and 
elasticity are given to 
a saw. E. //. Knight. 
Saw-tempering machine, 
a machine for holding a saw- 
blade firmly so that it may 
not buckle when It is plunged 
into the tempering oil-bath. 
sawteret, An obso- 
lete form of psalter. 
saw-tooth (sa'toth), n. 
A tooth of a saw. Saw- 
teeth are made in a great Forms of Removable Saw-teeth. 
variety of forms ; typical 
shapes are shown in the cuts. If designed to cut in one 
direction only, they are given a rake in that direction. 
If they are to cut equally in either direction, the teeth 
are generally V shaped, their central axes being then at 
right angles with the line of 
cut. Teeth of saws are either ABC 
formed integrally with the /"WVl JVW\ fWW\ 
plates or blades, or inserted * : s s 3 ' 
and removable. The latter 
have the advantage that they 
can be replaced easily and 
quickly when worn or broken, 
and the need of gumming is 
entirely obviated. The meth- 
od is, however, practicable 
only with the teeth of large 
saws. Saw-tooth indica- 
tor, an adjustable device 
used in shaping the teeth f 
circular saws to insure their 
filing and setting at equal dis- 
tances from the center. 
Saw-tooth swage, an anvil- 
block used with a punch or 
wedge to flatten the edges " half-moon teeth, crosscut 
nf aw tpprh I'umnnrp srtm. I. cross-cut teeth forsmall saws 
of saw-teeth. Compare saw- , cross . cu t hand-saw teeth ; K 
mage. SaW-tOOtD. Upset- teeth used in soinecircularsaws. 
tor, an implement for set- also in some pit-saws, cross-cut 
ting the teeth of Saws, or for g" 5 - I-*' '; shouldered teeth ; 
spreading their teeth, and c M u ,2 r "lws ;'T aTr^t'h": 
acting as a swage. See sieaye. Saws with teeth A. B. c, n. and 
saw-toothed (sa'totht), ^VM^i^ 
a. Serrate; having ser- 
rations like the teeth of a saw Saw-toothed 
sterrinck, Lobodon carcinopharriui, an antarctic seal, 
sawtryt, . An obsolete form of psaltery. 
Armonia Rithmica Is a sownynge melody, and divers in 
strumen tes seme to this maner armony, as labour, and tim- 
bre, harpe, and aaivtrye. 
Trevina, tr. of Barth. Aug. de P. R., xix 41. 
Their instruments were various in their kind, 
Some for the bow, and some for breathing wind : 
The sawtry, pipe, and hautboy's noisy hand. 
Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 1. 358. 
saw-upsetter (sa'up-set'er), n. A tool used 
to spread the edges of saw-teeth, in order to 
widen the kerf ; a saw-swage or saw-tooth up- 
setter. 
saw-vise (sa'vis), H. A clamp for holding u 
saw firmly while it is filed; a saw-clamp. 
saw-whet (sa'hwet), n. The Acadian owl, 
Nyctala acadica: so called from its rasping 
notes, which resemble the sounds made in fil- 
ing or sharpening a saw. It is one of the smallest 
owls of North America, only from 7J to 8 inches long, and 
from 17 to 18 in extent of wings, the wing itself 5}. The 
bill is black and the eyes are yellow. The plumage is 
much variegated with brown, reddish, gray, and white, 
the facial disk being mostly white. It is widely distrib- 
uted in North America. The name is sometimes extend- 
ed to a larger congeneric species, JV. richardtoni, of arctic 
America. See cut under Xyctala. 
saw-whetter (sa'hwefer), n. 1. Same as 
saw-whet. 2. The marsh-titmouse, Parus pa- 
lustris. [Prov. Eng.] 
sawwort (sa'wert), n. A plant of the Old 
World genus Serratula, especially S. tinctoria, 
whose foliage yields a yellow dye. The name is 
derived from the sharp serration of the leaves. 
Species of Saussurea are also so called. 
saw-wrack (sa'rak), n. The seaweed FIICIIS 
serratus. 
saw-wrest (sa'rest), n. A saw-set, either in 
the form of a notched lever or of pliers, in con- 
tradistinction to others operating by percus- 
sion, as those of the hammer and swage varie- 
ties. 
sawyer (sa'yer), . [Early mod. E. also satc- 
ier; ME. sawyer, < *sawien, sawen, saw (see 
saw 1 , v. ), + -erl. For the termination, see -ier, 
-yer, and cf. loryer, lawyer, etc. Cf. sawer 1 .] 
1. One whose employment is the sawiiig of 
timber into planks or boards, or the sawing of 
wood for fuel. 
I was sold in the field of Mars and bought of a sawier, 
which when he perceined that my armes were better giuen 
5362 
to handle a lance than to pul at a sawe, he solde mee to 
the Consul Dacus. 
Guevara, Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 142. 
2. A tree swept along by the current of a river 
with its branches above water, or, more com- 
monly, a stranded tree, continually raised and 
depressed by the force of the current (whence 
the name). The sawyers in the Missouri and the Missis- 
sippi are a danger to navigation, and frequently sink boats 
which collide with them. [Western I". S. ] 
There was I perched up on a sawyer, bobbin' up and 
down in the water. Robb, Squatter Life. 
3. See top-sawyer. 
Here were collected together, in all sorts of toggeries 
and situations, a large proportion of such persons, from 
the lowest stable-boy and threadbare, worn-out, white- 
coated cad up to the shawlined, four-in-hand, tip-top 
taicyer. Quoted in First Year of a Silken Reign, p. 139. 
4. In entom., any wood-boring larva, especially 
of a longicorn beetle, as Oncideres cingulatun, 
which cuts off twigs and small branches; a 
girdler. The orange sawyer is the larva of Kla- 
phidiox iiicrme. See cuts under hickory-girdler 
and Elaphidion. 5. The bowfin, a fish. See 
Amia, and cut under Amiidee. [Local, U. S.] 
sax 1 (saks), n. [< ME. sax, sex, seax, gaex, a 
knife, < AS. seax, a knife, = Icel. sax, a short, 
heavy sword, = Sw. Dan. sax, a pair of scissors, 
= OFries. sax, a knife, a short sword, = MD. 
sas = MLG. sax = OHG. MHO. salts, a knife, < 
\/ sag, cut: seesaicl.] If. A knife; asword; 
a dagger about 20 inches in length. 
Wan he thanne seyde 
"Nymeth joure naxet," thot be a non mid the dede 
Drow ys knyf, and slow a non al an on ywar. 
Rob. of Gloucetter, Chronicle (ed. HearneX p. 125. 
2. A slate-cutters' hammer. It has a point at 
the back of the head, for making nail-holes in 
slates. Also called slate-ax. 
sax' 2 (saks), a. and n. A dialectal (Scotch) 
form of six. 
Sax. An abbreviation of Saxon and Saxony. 
saxafrast (sak'sa-fras), . A form of sassa- 
fras. 
saxatile (sak'sa-til), a. [< L. saxatilis, having 
to do with rocks, frequenting rocks, < saxum, a 
rock, a rough stone.] In socl. and bat., living 
or growing among rocks ; rock-inhabiting; sax- 
icolous or saxicoline. 
saxaul, n. Same as saksaul. 
saxcornet (saks'kor'net), . [< Sax (see sax- 
horn) + L. cornu = E. horn.'] Same as sax- 
horn. 
saxe (saks), H. [So called from Sore, F. form 
of G. Sachsfit, Saxony.] A commercial name for 
a quality of albuminized paper exported from 
Germany (Dresden) for photographic purposes. 
saxhorn (saks'horn), H. [< Sax (see def.) + 
horn.] A musical instrument of the trumpet 
class, invented by Adolphe Sax, 
a Frenchman, about 1840. It 
has a wide cupped mouthpiece and a 
long, large tube with from three to five 
valves. The details of construction 
are such that the tone is remarkably 
full and even, the compass very long, 
and the fingering consistent and sim- 
ple. Six or more sizes or varieties are 
made, so as to form a complete series 
or family of similar tone and manipu- 
lation ; they are named by their funda- 
mental key or by their relative com- 
pass, as soprano, tenor, etc. The tenor 
saxhorn is also called alt-hurn ; the next 
larger, barytone; the next, euphonium; 
and the bass, bombardon or sax-tuba. 
These instruments are especially use- ,, 
ful for military bands, but they have bell; e, crook, 
not been often introduced into the 
orchestra, because of the comparatively unsympathetic 
quality of the tone. Also saxcornet and saxotromba. 
Saxicava (sak-sik'a-va), n. [NL.: see saxica- 
vous.] A genus of bivalve mollusks, typical 
of the family Saxicavidse, whose species live 
mostly in the hollows of rocks which they ex- 
cavate for themselves. The common European S. 
rugom varies greatly under different conditions. Some- 
times by excavation it does considerable damage to sea- 
walls. Successive generations will occupy the same hole, 
the last inhabiting the space between the valves of its 
predecessor. See cut under Glycymeris. 
Saxicavidae (sak-si-kav'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Saxicava + -idee.] A family of bivalve mol- 
lusks, typified by the genus Saxicava. The ani- 
mal has the mantle-lobes mostly united, the siphons elon- 
gated, covered with a thin skin, and with fringed orifices, 
and the foot digitiform ; the shell has thick valves, gap- 
ing at the extremities; the hinge has a single cardinal 
tooth, and the ligament is external. The species live in 
sand or mud as well as soft rocks, in which they excavate 
holes or burrows. Also called Glycymeridee. See cut un- 
der Glycymerix. 
saxicavous (sak-sik'a-vus), a. [< NL. saxicm-nx. 
< L. saxnm, a rock, "+ cat-are, hollow, < cavils, 
hollow: see cave 1 .] Hollowing out rocks, as a 
inollusk; lithodomous. 
Saxhorn, 
mouthpiece ; b. 
Ives; c, keys ; ii. 
saxifrage 
Saxicola (sak-sik'o-lii), . [NL.: see saxico- 
IH.] The typical genus of Saxicolinee; the 
stonecliats. There are many species, the greater num- 
ber of which are African. The commonest is S. tenantlie, 
the stonechat or wheatear of Europe, rarely found in 
North America. The genus is also called (Enanthe. See 
cut under gtonectint. 
saxicole (sak'si-kol), a. [< NL. aaxirula : see 
MViMiotM.] In l>ot., same as saxicolous. 
Saxicolidae (sak-si-kol'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Xiu'icola + -idie.'] The Saxicolinte regarded as 
a separate family. 
Saxicolinae (sak"si-ko-H'ne), w. pi. [NL., < 
Xu.iicola + -inee.] A subfamily of turdoidoscine 
passerine birds, referred either to the Turdidie 
or the Sylviidx ; the chats. They have booted tarsi, 
a small bill much shorter than the head, oval nostrils, 
bristly rictus, pointed wings, and short square tail. There 
are numerous genera, and upward of a hundred spe- 
cies. They are almost exclusively Old World, though 8 
genera appeal 1 in America. See cute under whiiichat and 
Ktonechat. 
saxicoline (sak-sik'6-lin), a. [As saxicole + 
-inel.] 1. In zoiil., living among rocks; rock- 
inhabiting; rupicoliue; rupestrine; in bot., 
same as gaxieotous. 2. Specifically, of or per- 
taining to the Saxicolinx. 
saxicolous (sak-sik'6-lus), a. [< NL. saxicola, 
< L. saxnm, a rock, -1- colere, inhabit.] Living 
or growing on or among rocks. Also saxicole. 
Saxifraga (sak-sif 'ra-ga), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 
1700): see saxifrage.] A genus of polype ta- 
lous plants popularly known as saxifrage, type 
of the order Saxifragacese and tribe Saxifra- 
geee. It is characterized by a two-celled ovary maturing 
Into a small two-beaked and two-celled many-seeded pod, 
with the placenta; in the axis, and by flowers with a nve- 
lobed calyx, five equal petals, and ten stamens, with slen- 
der filaments and two-celled anthers. There are about 
180 species, chiefly natives of cold regions, especially high 
mountains and in arctic latitudes, chieliy of the northern 
hemisphere, rare in South America and in Asia. They 
are usually perennials, with a radical rosette of broad 
leaves, and varying in habit from erect to prostrate, and 
from very smooth to glandular-hairy. Their flowers are 
small, but of conspicuous numbers, usually white or yel- 
low, and panicled or corymbed. About 50 species are 
found in North America, nearly half of which occur also 
in the Old World ; excluding Alaska, 30 species are known 
within the United States, natives especially of mountains 
of New England and Colorado, only 3 descending into the 
plains, and but 1 In the mountains south of North Car- 
olina. They increase rapidly northward, and 25 or more 
are reported from Alaska, 9 of which extend to its most 
northern limit. Point Barrow, at 71 27'. S. opposiUfolta, 
the purple saxifrage, is perhaps the most characteristic 
and widely distributed plant of the arctic regions, where 
It is almost universal, and often the first flower to bloom, 
producing from four to nine pink or dark-purple petals, 
ranging from sea-level to 1,900 feet, and extending from 
northern Vermont to the farthest north yet reached, 83 
24'. See saxifrage. 
Saxifragacese (sak"si-fra-ga'se-e), . pi. [NL. 
(A. P. de Candolle, 1830), < Saxifraga + -acete.] 
An order of polypetalous plants, the saxifrage 
family, belonging to the cohort Kosales in the 
series Calyciflorx. It is closely allied to the Rosacex, 
but with usually only five or ten stamens, and is charac- 
terized by the usual presence of regular flowers with five 
sepals, five petals, free and smooth filaments, two-celled 
anthers, a swollen or divided disk, and an ovary of two 
carpels, often separate above and containing numerous 
ovules in two rows at the central angle. It includes about 
650 species in 87 genera of 6 tribes, natives of north tem- 
perate and especially of frigid regions, rare in the tropics 
and south temperate zone. It exhibits great variety in 
habit. In the shrubby genera and trees the leaves are 
generally opposite ; in the others alternate, and often 
chiefly radical. Many produce valued fruits, as the cur- 
rant and gooseberry ; in others the fruit is a dry capsule. 
Many are cultivated for their ornamental flowers. See 
Hydrangea, Deutzia, PMadelpfius, Hewhera. and Saxif- 
raga (the type of the family); also HibeeV, Cunonia, Es- 
callonia. Francoa, the types of tribes; and, for American 
genera, Ilea, Mitetla, Parnattia, and TiareUa. See cut un- 
der 
SaxifragaceOUS (sak-'si-fra-ga'shius), a. [< 
saxifrage (L. saxifraga) +' -aceous.~] Belong- 
ing to the Saxifraaacex. 
saxifragal (sak-sif'ra-gal), a. [< saxifrage (L. 
saxifraga) + -al.] 1. Like or pertaining to 
saxifrage. 2. Typified by the order Saxifra- 
gaceee: as, the saxifragal alliance. Lindley. 
saxifragant (sak-sif'rS-gant), a. and . [< L. 
saxifragtis, stone-breaking (see saxifrage), + 
-ant.] I. a. Breaking or destroying stones; 
lithotritic. Also saxifraaous. [Rare.] 
II. H. That which breaks or destroys stones. 
[Bare.] 
saxifrage (sak'si-fraj), n. [< ME. saxifrage, < 
OF. (and F.)satc^frage = Sp. saxifraga, saxifra- 
i/na (vernacularly saxafrax, sasafras, salsafras, 
etc., > E. sassafras') = Pg. saxifraga, saxifra- 
gia = It. sassifraga, sassifragia, < L. saxifraga, 
in full saxifraga herba or saxifragum adiantHin, 
maidenhair; lit. 'stone-breaking '(so called be- 
cause supposed to break stones in the bladder) ; 
fern, of xiififrni/iitt, stone-breaking, < 
