. 
Flowering Plant of Saxi- 
frage (Saxt/ra/fa I'irgiHi- 
ensis). a, a flower ; ' the 
fruit. 
saxifrage 
a stone, rock (prol). < \/ sac, sec, in sccarr, cut : 
see secant, saw 1 ), + fratiyerc (\/ .'''".'/), break, 
= E. break: see fragile. Cf. WMM/VM.J A plant 
of the genus flnxifraga. 
Scarcely any of the species have 
economic properties, but many 
are beautiful in foliage and flow- 
er. They are commonly rock- 
plants with tufted leaves and 
jinnii-les of white, yellow, or red 
(lowers. They are predominant- 
ly alpine, and of alpine plants 
they are the most easy to culti- 
vate. One group, as 5. hypnoides, 
has mossy foliage, forming a car- 
pet, in spring dotted with white 
flowers. Others, as S. Atioon, 
have the foliage silvery, in ro- 
settes. Others, as S. umbrosa, 
the London-pride or none-so- 
pretty, and S. oppositifolia, the 
purple saxifrage, afford brilliant 
colored flowers. A leathery- 
leafed group is represented by 
the Siberian S. crasififolia, well 
known in cultivation. A com- 
mon house-plant is S. sarmen- 
tosa, the beefsteak- or straw- 
berry-geranium (see geranium), 
also called sailor-plant, creeping- 
sailor, and Chinese saxifrage. S. 
Virginiensis is a common spring 
flower in eastern North America. Burnet-saxifrage, 
a common Old World plant, Pimpinella Saxifraga, with 
leaves resembling those of the garden burnet. The young 
plants are eaten as a salad, and the root has diaphoretic, 
diuretic, and stomachic properties. The great burnet- 
saxifrage is P. tnaf/na, a similar but larger plant. 
Golden saxifrage, a plant of the genus Chrysoplenium 
of the saxifrage family; especially C. oppositifolium of 
the Old World, with golden-yellow flowers. The species 
are small smooth herbs of temperate regions. Lettuce 
saxifrage. See lettuce-saxifrage. Meadow-saxifrage, 
(a) Saxifraga granulata, a common white-flowered Euro- 
pean species. (&) See meadow-saxifrage. Mossy saxi- 
frage, the European Saxifraga hypnoides, sometimes call- 
ed lady's-cushion. See def. above. Pepper-saxifrage. 
Same as meadow-saxifrage, 1. Swamp-saxifrage, S. 
Pennsylvania, a plant a foot or two high, with rather 
long tongue-like leaves and greenish flowers, found in 
bogs in the northern United States. 
Saxifrageae (sak-si-fra'je-e), n.pl. [NL. (Veu- 
tenat, 1794), < Saxifraga + -ex.] A tribe of 
polypetalous plants of the order Saxifragaceee. 
They are characterized by herbaceous habit with alternate 
or principally radical leaves, without stipules, the flowers 
elevated on scapes, and usually with five petals, and the 
ovary with two cells, or in a large group with but one. 
The tribe contains about 23 genera, largely American, of 
which Saxtfraga is the type. 
saxifragine (sak-sif'ra-jin), . [< L. saxifragus, 
stone-breaking (see saxifrage), + -tne 2 .] 1. 
A gunpowder in which sulphur is replaced by 
barium nitrate. According to Cundill's " Dictionary 
of Explosives," it contains 77 parts of barium nitrate, 21 
parts of charcoal, and 2 parts of sodium nitrate. 
2. A name for a grade of dynamite. 
saxifragous (sak-sif'ra-gus), a. [< L. saxifra- 
gus, stone-breaking: see saxifrage.'] Same as 
saxifragant. [Rare.] 
saxigenous (sak-sij'e-nus), a. [< LL. saxigemts, 
sprung from stone, < L. saxum, a stone, rock, + 
-genus, produced: see -genoits.] Growing on 
rocks: as, saxigenous lithophytes. Darwin, 
Coral Reefs, p. 85. 
Saxon (sak'su), n. and a. [< ME. "Saxon, Sax- 
oun, < OF. Saxon, *Saxoun (nom. also Saisne, 
> ME. Saisne), F. Saxon = Sp. Sajon = Pg. 
Sax&o = It. Sassone, < LL. Saxo(n-), usually in 
pi. Saxones, Saxon ; from an OTeut. form repre- 
sented by AS. Seaxa (pi. Seaxan, Seaxe, gen. 
Seaxena, Seaxna, Saxna) = MD. "Saxe = OHG. 
Sahso, MHG. Sahse, Sachse, G. Sachse = Icel. 
Saxi, pi. Saxar = Sw. Sacltsare = Dan. Sachser 
(= with added suffix -er, D. Sakser, MD. Sasse- 
naer), a Saxon, in pi. the Saxons; usually ex- 
plained as lit. ' Sword-men ' (as the Franks were 
'Spear-men': see Frank 1 ), < AS. seax = OHG. 
sails, etc., a short sword, a knife : see sax 1 . Cf. 
AS. Seaxnedt = OHG. Saxnot, a war-god, lit. 
'companion of the sword'; Icel. Jarnsaxa, an 
ogress who carried an iron knife: see Anglo- 
Saxon. The Celtic forms, Gael. Sasunnach, 
Saxon, English, etc., W. Sais, pi. Saeson, Seison, 
an Englishman, Seisoneg, n., English, etc., are 
from E. or ML.] I. n. 1. One of the nation or 
people which formerly dwelt in the northern 
part of Germany, and invaded and conquered 
England in the fit' th and sixth centuries ; also, 
one of their descendants. See AngleV, Amjlo- 
Saxon, and Jute 1 . 
And his peple were of hym gladde, for the! hadde be In 
grete drede of the Saxouns. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 185. 
2. One of the English race or English-speaking 
races, (a) A member of the English-speaking races as dis- 
tinguished from other races or races speaking other lan- 
guages; an Englishman, American, Canadian, Australian, 
etc. (6) A Lowlander of Scotland, as distinguished from 
a Highlander or Oael. 
5363 
While on yon plain 
The Saxon rears one shock of grain, . . . 
The Gael, of plain and river heir, 
shall, with strong hand, redeem his share. 
Where live the mountain Chiefs who hold 
That plundering Lowland field and fold 
Is aught but retribution true? 
Scott, L. of the L., v. 7. 
(c) An Englishman, as distinguished from an Irishman. 
[Ireland.] 
Cassidy, before retiring, would assuredly intimate his 
approaching resignation to scores of gentlemen of his na- 
tion, who would not object to take the Saxon's pay until 
they finally shook his yoke oflf. Thackeray, Philip, xxx. 
3. A native or an inhabitant of Saxony in its 
later German sense. The modern Saxon lands are in 
central Germany, and comprise the kingdom of Saxony, 
the grand duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, the duchies of 
Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and Saxe-Melningen, 
and part of the province of Saxony in Prussia. 
4. The language of the Saxons ; Anglo-Saxon ; 
by extension, modern English speech of Saxon or 
Anglo-Saxon origin ; English diction composed 
mainly of Saxon words, and not Latinized or of 
classical or other origin. See Anglo-Saxon. Ab- 
breviated Sax. 5. ineifo?n.,thenoctuid moth 
Hadena rectilinea : an English collectors' name. 
Old Saxon, Saxon as spoken on the continent in early 
times in the district between the Rhine and the Elbe. 
Abbreviated 0. Sax., 0. S., or, as in this work, 05. 
II. a. 1. Pertaining to the Saxons (in any 
sense), their country, or language ; Anglo- 
Saxon. 2. Of or pertaining to the later Sax- 
ons in Germany __ Saxon architecture, a rude va- 
riety of Romanesque, of which early examples occur in 
England, its period being from the conversion of England 
until about the Conquest, when the Norman style began 
to prevail. The 
few relics left us 
of this style ex- 
hibit its general 
characteristics as 
rude solidity and 
strength. The 
walls are of rough 
masonry, very 
thick, without 
buttresses, and 
sometimes of her- 
ring-bone work : 
the towers and 
pillars are thick 
in proportion to 
height, the for- 
mer being some- 
times not more 
than three diam- 
eters high ; the 
quoins or angle- 
masonry are of 
hewn stones set 
alternatelyon end 
and horizontally 
(long and short 
work) ; the arches 
of doorways and 
windows are 
rounded, or some- 
Saxon Architecture. 
a, tower of Earl's Barton Church, Northamp- 
tonshire, England ; b, baluster-window, in 
same church ; c, an angle in long and short 
work. 
say 
A rritical Raxonist has detected the corruptions of its 
[the Saxon Chronicle's] idiom, its inflections, and its or- 
thography. /. D'liraeli, Amen, of Lit., I. 134. 
saxonite (sak'su -it), . [< tifu-ony + -He 2 .] 
A rock made up essentially of olivin and en- 
statite. It occurs as a terrestrial rock, and also 
in various meteorites. See peridotite. 
Saxonize (sak'sn-iz), c. t. ; pret. and pp. Saxon- 
ized, ppr. Saxoitiziiiy. [= F. saxoniser, < ML. 
Saxonizare, <.Saxo(n-), Saxon: see Saxon.] To 
render Saxon in character or sentiment ; per- 
meate or imbue with Saxon ideas, etc. 
The reintroductlon into Saxonized England, from the 
south, of Celtic myths nearly identical with those which 
the Anglo-Normans found in Wales . . . gave to the latter 
a fresh life. Jlncyc. Brit., XX. 642. 
saxony (sak'sn-i), . [< Saxony (see def. ), < LL. 
Saxonia, Saxony, < Saxo(n-), Saxon : see Saxon.'] 
A woolen material taking its name from the 
kingdom of Saxony, and supposed to be of 
superior quality from the high reputation of 
the wool of that country, (a) A glossy cloth once 
much in vogue for wearing-apparel. (6) Flannel: the 
finest blankets being included in this, (c) Same as Sax- 
ony yarn. See yarn. 
Saxony blue, green, lace, yarn. See blue, 
green 1 , etc. 
saxophone (sak'so-fon), . 
+ Gr. (puv//, voice, sound.] 
ment, properly of the clari- 
net class, but with a metal 
tube like a trumpet or horn, 
invented by Adolphe Sax 
about 1840. It consists of a 
clarinet mouthpiece or beak and a 
conical tube more or less convo- 
luted, with about twenty finger- 
holes controlled by keys or levers. 
Eight sizes or varieties are made, 
which are named from their fun- 
damental key or their relative 
compass. They are especially use- 
ful in military bands as n more 
sonorous substitute for clarinets, 
but are almost unused in the or- 
chestra. 
saxophonist (sak ' so - t'6 - 
nist), w. [< saxophone + 
-ist.] A player upon the 
saxophone. 
saxotromba (sak-so-trom'- 
ba,), n. [< Sax (see sax- 
horn) + It. troniba, a trumpet.] 
horn. 
saxtryt (saks'tri), w. Same as sextry, sacristy. 
sax-tuba (saks'tu"ba), . [< Sax (see saxhorn) 
+ L. tuba, a trumpet.] One of the larger forms 
of saxhorn, 
sax-valve (saks'valv), . In musical instru- 
[< Sax (see def.) 
A musical instru- 
Saxophone. 
Same as sax- 
ments of the brass wind group, a kind of valve 
invented by Adolphe Sax about 1840. Its pecu- 
liarity lies in its ingenious arrangement to secure pure in- 
tonation and to maintain an even quality of tone through- 
out the compass of the instrument. 
say 1 (sa), v. ; pret. and pp. said, ppr. saying. 
[< ME. sat/en, sa'it, seyen, seien, sein, seggen, 
siggen (pret. saide, seide, sayde, seyde, sede, 
splay from both the interior and the exterior, the position pp. saud, seid, sold), < AS. sccaan, secgean (pret. 
of the windows being in the middle of the thickness of the 
, 
times these openings have triangular heads, their jambsof 
long and short work carrying either rudely carved imposts 
or capitals with square abaci. Sometimes heavy moldings 
run round the arches, and when two or more arches are 
conjoined in an arcade they are carried on heavy low shafts 
formed like balusters. Window-openings in the walls 
wall. Saxon blue, (a) Same as Saxony blue (which see, 
under blue), (b) The blue obtained on wool by the use 
of Saxony blue. It is brighter than the blue of the in- 
digo-vat, but not so fast to light or alkalis. 
Saxondom (sak'sn-dum), H. [< Saxon + -dom.] 
Peoples or communities of Saxon or Anglo- 
Saxon origin, or the countries inhabited by 
them; the Anglo-Saxon race. 
Look now at American Saxondom, and at that little 
fact of the sailing of the Mayflower, two hundred years ago, 
from Delft Haven in Holland ! 
Carlyle, Heroes and Hero- Worship, iv. 
Saxonic (sak-son'ik), a. [< ML. Saxonicus, < 
LL. Saxo(n-), Saxon: see Saxon.] Of or per- 
taining to the Saxons ; written in or relating 
to the Saxon language ; Saxon : as, Saxonic 
documents. 
Saxonical (sak-son'i-kal), a. [< Saxonic + -al.] 
Same as Saxonic. 
Peaceable king Edgar, that Saxonieatt Alexander. 
HaHuyl's Voyages, I. 7. 
Saxonisht,"- [< Saxon + -is1i.] Same us Saxon. 
Sale, Life of Leland. 
Saxqnism (sak'sn-izm), M. [< Saxon + -ism.] 
An idiom of the Saxon or early English lan- 
guage. 
The language [of Robert of Gloucester] ... is full of 
Saxonisms, which indeed abound, more or less, in every 
writer before Gower and Chaucer. 
Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry, I. 49. 
Saxonist (sak'sn-ist), . [< Saxon + -ist.] A 
Saxon scholar; one versed in Saxou or Anglo- 
Saxon. 
_ 
sxgde, sxde, pp. ge-sxgd, ge-sied) = OS. seggean, 
seggian = OFries. seka, sega, sedsa, sidsa = D. 
zeggen = MLG. seggen, segen, LG. seggen = 
OHG. sekjan, segjaii, sagen, MHG. G. sagen = 
Icel. scaja = Sw. saga = Dan. sige, say, = Goth. 
"sagan (inferred from preceding and from Sp. 
sayon = OPg. saiSo, a bailiff, executioner, < ML. 
sagio(n-), nago(n-), saio(n-), an officer among 
the Goths and West-Goths, an apparitor, bailiff, 
orig. 'speaker,' < Goth, "sagja = OHG. sago = 
OS. sago = OFries. sega, chiefly in comp., a 
sayer, speaker); cf. Lith. sakyti, say, sakan, I 
say, OBulg. soeliiti, indicate, = Olr. sagim, sai- 
gim, I speak, say, L. -\/ sec, in OL. in-sece, impv., 
relate, narrate, L. in-sectiones, narratives; prob. 
akin to L. signiim, sign: see sign, sain. Hence 
alt. saw 2 and (from Icel.) saga. The pp. sain, 
formerly in occasional use, is, like sawn, sewn, 
etc., a conformation to orig. strong participles 
like lain, sown.'] I. trans. 1. To utter, express, 
declare, or pronounce in words, either orally or 
in writing ; speak. 
Thou may eey a word to-dey 
That vij sere after may be for-thoujht. 
Booke of Precedence (E. E. T. S. , extra ser. ), i. 53. 
It is an epilogue or discourse, to make plain 
Some obscure precedence that hath tofore been sain. 
SAafr.,L.L. L., Hi. 1.83. 
All 's one for that, I know my daughters ininde if I but 
say the word. 
Ileyimod, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Works, II. 60). 
And Enid could not say one tender word. 
Tennyson, Geraint. 
2. To tell; make known or utter in words. 
