scabious 
plant of the genus Si-iibiumi ; the pincushion- 
flower. Conspicuous species arc S. sticcisa, the blue sca- 
bious, or devil's-bit (which see); S. arcensis, the field-sca- 
bious, or Egyptian rose, with pale lilac-purple heads : and 
S. atropurpurea, the sweet scabious, or mourning-bride, 
also called: Egyptian rose. See bluecap, and Egyptian rose 
(under rose). 
Scabiose, Bilgres, wiidflax, is good for ache. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.X p. 185. 
Is not the rhubarb found where the sun most corrupts 
the liver; and the scabious by the shore of the sea, that 
God might cure as soon as he wounds? 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835X I. D04. 
Sheep's-scabious. Same as sheep 's-bit. Sweet scabi- 
ous. (a) See above. (6) In America, sometimes, the daisy- 
fleabane, Erigerou annuus. 
SCabling, . See scabbing. 
scab-mite (skab'mit), . The itch-mite, Sm-c<>/>- 
tes scabiei, which produces the itch or scabies. 
SCabrate (ska'brat), a. [< L. seaber, rough, + 
-ate 1 .] Same as scabrous. 
scabredityt (skab-red'i-ti), M. [Irreg. for "seab- 
riditij, < LL. scabridus, rough (cf. scabredo, 
roughness of the skin, mange) : see seabrid.] 
Roughness; ruggedness. 
He shall flnde . . . warts, neves, inequalities, rough- 
ness, scabredity, palenesse. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 562. 
scabrid (ska'brid), a. [< L. scabridus, rough, 
< seaber, rough, scurfy : see scabrous.] In hot., 
slightly rough to the touch : as, a scabrid leaf. 
Compare scabrous. 
scabriusculose (ska-bri-us'ku-los), a. [< NL. 
"seabriuseulus, irreg. dim. of L. seaber, rough : 
see scabrous.] In hot., same as scabrid. 
scabriusculous (ska-bri-us'ku-lus), a. In hot., 
same as scabrid. 
scabrous (ska'brus), a. [= F. scabreux = It. 
scabroso, < LL. scabrosKS, rough, < L. seaber, 
rough, scurfy, < scabere, scratch: see scabies^.] 
1. Rough; rugged; having sharp points or lit- 
tle asperities. Specifically, in zool. and bot., rough or 
roughened as if scabby, as a surface ; covered with little 
points or asperities : as, shagreen is the scabrous skin of a 
shark ; especially, rough to the touch from hardly visible 
granules or minute angular elevations with which a sur- 
face, as of an insect or a plant, is covered. Also scabrate. 
2f. Harsh; unmusical. 
Uis verse is scabrous and hobbling. 
lii ml' a, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, Ded. 
Lucretius is scabrous and rough in these [archaisms]. 
/''. Jonson, Discoveries. 
scabrousness (ska'brus-nes), w. In bot., the 
state or property of being rough. 
scabwort (skab wert), . [< scab + wort 1 .] 
The elecampane, liiula Heleiiiiim. 
scacchite (skak'it), n. [Named after A. Scac- 
chi, an Italian mineralogist.] In mineral., man- 
ganese chlorid, a deliquescent salt found on 
Mount Vesuvius. 
scad 1 (skad), H. [Appav. a var. of siiad 1 .] If. 
A fish, probably the shad. 
Of round flsh, [there are] Brit, Sprat, Barne, Smelts, 
Whiting, Scad. . Carew, Survey of Cornwall, p. 30. 
2. A carangoid fish, formerly Caranx tracliurus, 
now Tracliurits saurus, also called saitrel, skip- 
jack, and liorse-mackerel, of a fusiform shape, 
with vertical plates arming the entire lateral 
line from the shoulder to the caudal fin. It 
reaches a length of about a foot, and is found in the Euro- 
pean and many other seas. It occurs rarely on the South 
Scad (TrafAunts sanrus). 
Atlantic coast as well as on the Pacific coast of North 
America. It is sometimes found in immense shoals, and 
as many as 20,000 have been taken off Cornwall in a net at 
one time. In Cornwall and some other places it is split 
and dried salted. Its flesh is firm and of good flavor, some- 
what like that of the mackerel, although generally it is 
but little esteemed. The name extends to any species 
of this genus, as T. symmetricus, the horse-mackerel of 
California, and also to the members of the related genus 
Decapterut, more fully called mackerel-scad. A species 
of Caranx (or Trachurops), C. (or T.)crumenophthalmus, is 
known as the goggler, goyyle-eyed jack, or big-eyed scad. 
See goggle-eyed. 
3. The ray, Raia alba. [Local, Scotch.] 
scad 2 (skad), ;.and. A dialectal tormot scald 1 . 
scaddle (skad'l), . and n. A dialectal form of 
scathel. Also swaddle. 
And there she now lay purring as in scorn ! Tib, hereto- 
fore the meekest of mousers, the honestest, the least scad- 
die of the feline race, a cat that one would have sworn 
might have been trusted with untold fish. 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends (ed. Hazard), II. sea. 
5366 
Scaean (se'an), a. [< Gr. mai6f, left, on the left 
hand, hence also western (ZKtita'i ni'/ai, the west- 
ern gate of Troy): see S<xen>l<i. } Western, west- 
ward: used in the phrase tlir .v/w (late, in le- 
gendary Troy. 
Scaevola (sev'o-lii), . [NL. (Linnfeus, 1767), 
so called in allusion to the irregular flower; < 
L. Sciei'ola, a surname, 'the left-handed,' dim. 
of scxvits, left-handed (scxva, a left-handed per- 
son), = Gr. anat6f, left, on the left hand.] A ge- 
nus of gamopetalous plants, of the order Groo- 
deniaceie, formerly made the type of an order 
Saerolaceie (Lindley, 1830). The tube of the oblique 
corolla is split down behind to the base, the lobes spread- 
ing and unappendaged ; there are five stamens with free 
anthers, and a two-celled ovary with one ovule In each 
cell, becoming in fruit an indehlscent drupe with the stone 
woody or bony. The species, numbering about 60, are all 
confined to Australia, except 8 or 10, which reach to the 
Pacific islands and Asiatic coast, while one, a widely dis- 
tributed fleshy shrub, S. lobelia (S. Plumieri), extends 
also to the West Indies, Florida, and Mexico, and the 
Cape of Good Hope. They are herbs or shrubs with alter- 
nate leaves and axillary flowers, the whole inflorescence 
peculiar in its hairs, the corolla-tube downy within, set 
with reflexed bristles without, and often with penicillate 
bristles on the lobes. 5. Kcenigii is the Malayan rice-pa- 
per tree (see rice-paper). S. cuneif&nnis of West Australia 
has been called jan-flourer. 
scaf (skaf), n. [Cf. scabble.] In metal-working, 
the tapered end or feather-edge of a weld-lap. 
E. H. Knight. 
scaff (skaf), . [Origin obscure.] Food of any 
kind. [Scotch.] 
scaffling (skaf'ling), n. [Origin obscure.] A 
young eel. [Local, Eng.] 
scaff-net (skaf net), . A kind of scoop-net; a 
flat net about 12 feet square, stretched by two 
long bows, the ends of which are attached to 
the corners of the net, arched up high above 
it, and crossed at the middle. See scap-net. 
scaffold (skaf'old), . [< ME. scaffold, scaffoldc, 
skaffold, sea/old, scafald, scafalde, schaffalde, 
scalfalde, < OF. "cscafalt, eschafault, exfhafaud, 
fschaafaut, F. cchafaud, OF. also cliafaut (> 
D. scharot = G. xchafott = Sw. schavott = Dan. 
skafot) and earlier escadefalt, escadafaut (ML. 
reflex scafaldus, scadafaltum) ; with expletive 
prefix es-, orig. OF. cadefaut, "catafalc, F. cata- 
falque = Pr. cadafalc = Sp. cadafalso, cada- 
liaho, cadalso, also catafaleo = Pg. cadafalso, 
also catafaleo = It. catafaleo, a funeral canopy 
over a bier, a stage, scaffold; prob. orig. It. 
(and not common Rom.), lit. 'a view-stage '(cf. 
cataletto, ' a view-bed'), < Olt. "catare, see, view 
(found as It. cattarc, get, obtain, etc.), It. dial. 
catar, find (= OSp. catar, see, view,< L. capture, 
strive to seize, strive after, seek to obtain, 
watch), + *falco, irreg. var. of balco. a stage, 
orig. beam, balk: see balk 1 , and cf. balcony. 
The same initial element (It. eattare, etc., L. 
capture) appears in regatta, ret/rate 1 ; and the 
same It. word catafaleo has come through F. 
catafalquemtoE.as catafalque: see catafalque.] 
1. A temporary gallery or stage raised either 
as a place for exhibiting a spectacle or for 
spectators to stand or sit. 
On the tother side the! sigh a scaffolde, and in that scaf- 
folde satte a knyght that was of a 1 wynter age, and ther 
satte also the feirest lady of the worlde. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 861. 
Pardon, gentles all, 
The flat unraised spirits that have dared 
On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth 
So great an object. Shak., Hen. V., I., ProL 
Who sent thither their Ambassadors with presents, who 
had there their sea/olds prepared for them, and furnished 
according to their states. Pwrchas, Pilgrimage, p. 302. 
2t. The gallery or highest tier of seats in a 
theater. 
In Dekker's day, the price of admission to the galleries, 
or sea/olds as they are sometimes called, alike with the pit, 
was, at some of the inferior playhouses, one penny only. 
J. Nott, in Dekker'6 Gull's Hornbook (rep. 1812), p. 133. 
3. A stage or platform, usually elevated, for 
the execution of a criminal. 
Whensoever there is to be any execution, . . . they erect 
a sea/old there, and after they have beheaded the offen- 
dours . . . they take it away againe. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 229. 
The sea/old was the sole refuge from the rack. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, I. 324. 
4. A temporary structure upon which workmen 
stand in erecting the walls of a building. See 
cut under putlog. 5. An elevated platform 
upon which dead bodies are placed a mode of 
disposing of the dead practised by some tribes, 
as of North American Indians, instead of burial ; 
a kind of permanent bier. 6. In embryol., a 
temporary structure outlining parts to be sub- 
sequently formed in or upon it ; a framework : 
scagliola 
as, the cartilaginous scaffold of the skull. Also 
xcitffoldiiio. 7. In metal., an obstruction in the 
blast-furnace above the twyers, caused by the 
imperfect working of the furnace in conse- 
quence of insufficient or unsuitable flux, bad 
fuel, irregular charging', etc. As the materials un- 
der such a scaffold or agglomerated mass descend, this 
latter may itself give way and fall down ; this is called 
a "slip,' and if such slips occur on a large scale, or are 
several times repeated, the furnace may become choked 
or "gobbed up" (as it is technically called) to such an 
extent as seriously to interfere with or entirely to stop 
its working. 
Obstructions technically known as scaffolds occur not un- 
frequently in blast furnace working, and are often a source 
of considerable trouble. 
W. H. Greenwood, Steel and Iron, p. 142. 
scaffold (skaf'old), r. t. [< scaffold, n.] 1. To 
furnish with a scaffold ; sustain; uphold, as with 
a scaffold. 
After supper his grace . . . came Into the White Hall 
within the said Pallays, which was hanged rychely ; the 
Hall was scaffolded and rayled on al partes. 
Hall, Chron., Hen. VIII., an. 2. 
2. To lay or place on a scaffold; particularly, to 
place (dead bodies) on a scaffold to decay or 
be eaten by birds, as is customary with some 
uncivilized tribes. 
A grand celebration, or the Feast of the Dead, was sol- 
emnly convoked. Not only the remains of those whose 
bodies had been scaffolded, but of all who had died on a 
journey, or on the war-path, and been temporarily buried, 
were now gathered together and interred in one common 
sepulchre with special marks of regard. 
D. Wilson, Prehistoric Man, xxi. (Encyc. DM.) 
scaffoldage (skaf ol-daj), n. [= F. cchafaudage ; 
as scaffold + -age.] A scaffold; a stage; the 
timberwork of a stage ; scaffolding. 
"I'wixt his stretch 'd footing and the scaffoldage. 
Shak., T. and U., 1.3. 156. 
scaffold-bracket (skaf 'old-brak"et), n. A plate 
fitted with claws devised to hold firmly to a 
shingled roof to afford support to scaffolding. 
scaffoldert (skaf ol-der), n. [< xeaffold+-er 1 .] 
A spectator in the gallery of a theater ; one of 
the "gods." 
He ravishes the gazing sea folders. 
Bp. Hall, Satires, I. ill. 28. 
scaffolding (skaf ol-diug), n. [< scaffold + 
-ing 1 .] 1. A frame or structure for temporary 
support in an elevated place ; in building, a 
temporary combination of timberwork consist- 
ing of upright poles and horizontal pieces, on 
which are laid boards for supporting the build- 
ers when carrying up the different stages or 
floors of a building, or plasterers when execut- 
ing their work in the interior of houses. The 
scaffolding is struck or removed as soon as 
it has answered its purpose. See cut under 
putlog. 
This was but as the Scaffolding of a new edifice, which 
for the time must board, and overlooke the highest bat- 
tlements. MUton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst, 
2. Materials for scaffolds. Imp. Diet. 3. Figur- 
atively, any sustaining part; a frame or frame- 
work, as the skeleton; especially, in embryol., a 
temporary formation of hard parts to be re- 
placed by or modified into a permanent struc- 
ture : as, the scaffolding of an embryonic skull. 
Sickness, contributing no less than old age to the shak- 
ing down this scaffolding ol the body, may discover the in- 
ward structure. Pope. 
4. In metal., the formation of a scaffold; an 
engorgement. See scaffold, 7. 
scaffolding-pole (skaf'ol-ding-ppl), n. In build- 
ing, one ot the vertical poles which support the 
putlogs and boards of a scaffold. E. H. Knialit. 
scaff-raff (skaf raf), w. [A loose compound, as 
if < scaff + raff. Cf. riffraff, ruffsctiff.] Refuse ; 
riffraff; rabble. Also scaff and raff. [Scotch.] 
We wadna turn back, no for half a dizzen o' yon icaff- 
raff. Scott, Guy llannering, xxv. 
Sitting there hirling at your poor uncle's cost, nae doubt, 
wl' a' the scaff and raff o the water side, till sun-down. 
Scott, Old Mortality, v. 
scaglia (skal'ya), n. [It., a scale, a chip of 
stone, etc.: see scale 1 .] The local name in 
parts of the Italian Alps of a limestone of vari- 
ous colors, and of different geological ages. 
The typical scaglia is a reddish argillaceous limestone 
with a decidedly conchoidal fracture. This rock is of 
Jurassic age ; but there is an upper scaglia which is of 
the age of the Upper Cretaceous. 
scagliola (skal-yo'la), . [Also scaliola ; < It. 
seayliaola, dim. of scaf/lia, a scale: see scale 1 .] 
In arcli., an Italian process for imitating stone, 
used for enriching columns and internal walls 
of buildings. It is an application of stucco consisting 
essentially of a mixture of plaster with glue. '1 he plaster 
employed must be as pure and white as possible. Various 
colors are given to it by a mixture of metallic oxids. To 
