scaphopodous 
f < xriii>li<>pi>(t the posterior wing of the scapula. Also nrnpu- 
lariiim. See parapsix^. (c) A shoulder-tippet, 
or shoulder-cover. See patti</ii<i (<). (d) A 
trochanter of the fore leg. Kirbij Dorsalis 
scapulae, the dorsal scapular artery (which see, under 
scapular), Scapula accessoria, in ornith., the r>s hu 
scaphopodous (ska-fop'9-dus), a. 
+ -ous.] Same as scaphopou. 
Scaphorb.yncb.us (skaf-6-ring'kus), n. [NL., < 
Or. onatyos, a bowl, boat, anything hollowed out, 
+ p'rvxns, snout.] Same as Scnpliirhynchus, 1. 
scapiform (ska'pi-form), a. [< L. seapus, a, 
stem, a stalk (see scape"*), + forma, form.] 
.Scape-like ; having the form or character of a gcapulacromial (skap"u-la-krd'mi-al), a. 
scape, in any sense of that word. NL. scapula -t- acromion: see acromial.] Per- 
scapuloradial 
scapular.] In ornith.. the region of the back 
or notseum whence springthe scapular feathers, 
alongside but not over the shoulder-blade. The 
insertion of the feathers of the scapulare is upon the 
pteryla humeralis, and not upon the pteryla dorsalis. See 
interscapitlum. Also scapularium. 
n^rosca^a^T^an ^rowX^^^eiopTd'abiut SCapulkria, *. Plural of scapularium. 
the shoulder-joint of many birds. scapularis (skap-u-la ns), n. ; pi. scapinarm 
(-rez). [NL. : see scapular.'] Same as supi-a- 
taining to the acromion of the scapula; acro- 
mial. 
scapigerous (ska-pij'e-rus), a. [< L. seapus, a 
stem, a stalk (see scape 2 ), + gcrere, carry.] In 
hot., scape-bearing. f ._ ^ t ^ 
scapinade (skap-i-nad'), [< F- scaptuade, /, q. v ., + Gr. d/jof, pain.] Pain in the region 
< scapiii, a knave, rogue (from a character in o f the scapula. 
Moliere's "Les Fourberies de Scapin"), < It. scapular (skap'u-lar), a. and n. [I. n. < ML. 
,u *-: T*.IJ ^,, / <,,_ scapularis, pertaining to the shoulders, < L. 
scapular nerve (which see, under supraseapular). 
scapulariura (skap-u-la'ri-um), n. ; pi. scapula- 
ria (-a). [NL., < ML. scapularium, scapular: 
SCapulalgia (skap-u-lal'ji-a), H. [NL., < scapu- see scapular.'] 1. In ornith.: (a) Same asscap- 
Scapino, a character in Italian comedy, < scapi- 
HO, scapi>ino, a sock: see chopine.] An act or 
a process of trickery or roguery. 
If Calhoun thought thus, it is not astonishing that 
Adams declared "the negociation [between England and 
the United States about the suppression of the slave-trade] 
itself a scapinade a struggle between the plenipotenti- 
aries to outwit each other, and to circumvent both coun- 
tries by a slippery compromise between freedom and sla- 
very." H. von Hoist, John C. Calhoun, p. 212. 
scap-net (skap'net), n. A net used by anglers 
to catch minnows, shrimps, etc., for bait. See 
scoop-net. 
scapolite (skap'o-lit), n. [< Gr. (Doric) manoc, 
a rod (see scape 2 ), + /UYtof, a stone.] One of 
a group of minerals, silicates of aluminium and 
calcium, with sometimes sodium, also often 
containing chloriu in small amount. They occur 
in tetragonal crystals, and also massive, of a white to 
grayish, yellowish, or reddish color. They are named 
mionite, paranthine, ekebergite, dipyre, marialite, etc. 
The species show something of the same progressive 
change in composition observed among the triclinic feld- 
spars, the increase in amount of soda (from mionite to 
marialite) being accompanied by a corresponding increase 
in silica. 
scapple (skap'l), v. t. ; pret. and pp. scappled, 
ppr. scappling. Same as scabble. 
scappling-hammer (skap 'ling- ham *er), u. 
Same as scabbUng-hammer. 
scapula (skap'u-la), n. ; pi. scapulse (-le). [NL., 
< LL. scapula, the shoulder, in L. only in 
pi., scapulse, the shoulder-blades, the shoul- 
ders, shoulder-pieces; prob. akin to L. seapus, 
a shaft, stem, 
stalk: see 
scape 2 ."] 1. In 
aiiat. , the shoul- 
der-blade, or 
blade-bone, or 
omoplate. it is 
the proximal ele- 
ment of the pecto- 
ral or scapular arch 
of vertebrates, es- 
pecially of high- 
er vertebrates, in 
which it is primi- 
tively the proximal 
part of a cartilagi- 
nous rod, the distal part of which is segmented off to form 
the coracoid. It assumes the most various shapes in differ- 
ent animals, but is usually flattened and expansive in mam- 
mals, in birds slender and saber-like. The scapula, what- 
ever its shape, normally maintains connection with the 
coracoid, which is then a separate bone, but in all mam- 
mals above the monotreraes the coracoid is completely 
consolidated with the scapula, appearing as a mere pro- 
cess of the latter. The human, like other mammalian 
scapula?, with the exception noted, is therefore a com- 
pound bone, consisting of scapula and coracoid united. 
The scapula, or scapula and coracoid together, normally 
furnish an articulation for the clavicle when the latter is 
fully developed. In mammals above monotremes this 
articulation is with the spine or acromion. The glenoid 
cavity for the articulation of the humerus is always at the 
junction of the scapula proper with the coracoid, and 
when the latter is separate both bones enter into its for- 
mation. Morphologically a well-developed scapula, as in 
a mammal, has two ends, three borders, and three sur- 
faces, corresponding to the prismatic rod of primitive 
cartilage ; these parts, however, do not correspond with 
the borders, angles, and surfaces described in human 
anatomy (for which see shoulder-blade), the vertebral bor- 
der, for instance, being really one end of the bone, and 
the edge of the spine being one of the morphological 
borders. The three surfaces correspond to the supraspi- 
nous, infraspinous, and subscapular fossa), better known 
as the prescapular, postscapular. and subscapular sur- 
faces. In all mammals and birds, and most reptiles 
proper, the scapula closely conforms to the characters 
here given. In batrachians and fishes, however, whose 
scapular arch is complicated with additional bones, the 
modifications are various, and some of the coracoid ele- 
ments have been wrongly regarded and named as scapu- 
lar. See cuts under omostemum, scapulocoracoid, and 
H/i'ii/lder-blade. See also postscapular, prescapular, sub- 
scapular, supraseapular. 
2. In I'rinoiilea, one of the plates in the cup 
which give rise to the arms. 3. In entom. : (a) 
One of the parapsides or plica? scapulares on 
the side of the mesothorax. Thomson, (b) A 
Right Shoulder-girdle or Scapular Arch of 
Fowl^ showing hf, thehypoclidium ;/, furcu- 
lum ; Co, coracoid; Sc, scapula ; gl, glenoid. 
< ML. scapularium, scapular: 
I. a. Having the form of a 
ttlarc. (b) The scapulars or scapularies, col- 
lectively considered. 2. In entom., the pleura, 
or side of the mesothorax. Same as scapula, 3 
---,- -, *- (b). Kirby. 
scapulse, the shoulders: see scapula. II. w. scapulary (skap'u-la-ri), a. and n. [Early mod. 
Early mod. E. scapellar, skappler,< ME. "scape- E. a lso scopelarie ; < ME. scapularye, scapelerey,^ 
lere (usually in longer form: see scapulary), < F. scaplerie, scapelori, scaplory, chapolorie, etc. 
scapula-ire = Pr. escapolari = Cat. escapulari = *** 
Sp. Pg. escapulario = It. scapolare, < ML. scapu- 
larium, scapulare, a scapular, < scapularis, per- 
taining to the shoulders: seel. Cf. scapulary.] 
I. a. Of or pertaining to the shoulders or the 
shoulder-blades; pertaining to the scapula (in 
any sense), or to scapulars. Also scapulary. 
Great scapular notch. See notch. Scapular arch, 
the pectoral arch, or shoulder-girdle, forming in verte- 
brates which have fore limbs or pectoral flns the suspenso- 
rium or bony apparatus for suspending such limb or fin 
from the trunk or head, the limb or flu from the shoulder- 
joint or its representative being the diverging appendage 
of the scapular arch. In all higher vertebrates (main 
mals, birds, and reptiles) the scapular arch consists primi- 
tively of a cartilaginous rod, more or less perfectly seg- 
mented into a proximal moiety (scapula) and a distal 
moiety (coracoid), to which an accessory bone (clavicle) is 
frequently added, together with various other supplemen- 
tary osseous or cartilaginous pieces, either in the median 
line in front or in the line of the clavicle. In a batra- 
chian, as the frog, there is a distinct superior ossification 
forming 
OF. scapulairc, 
see scapular.'] 
scapular. 
The King was in a scopelarie mantle, an hat of cloth of 
siluer, and like a white hermit. 
Uolinehed, Chron., IIL 830. 
II. n. ; pi. scapularies (-riz). 1. Same as scap- 
ular, 1. 
Ha muhe werie scapelorii hwen mantel ham henegeth. 
Ancren Kiwle, p. 424, note c. 
Thei schapen her chapolories & streccheth hem brode. 
Piers Plowman's Crede (E. E. T. S.), 1. 560. 
i scapelerey with an hodde. Paeton Letters, III. 410. 
The monastic garment named scapulary, the exact char- 
acter of which has not been decidedly determined, appears 
to have been a short super-tunic, but having a hood or 
cowl. Encyc. Brit., VI. 463. 
2. Same as scapular, 
ular, 3. 
2. 3. Same as scap- 
homologized. Also cMed scapular girdle, and pectoral notable in size, shape, or color: as, the scapu- 
arch or girdle. See scapula, coracoid, prescapida, supra- Inted crow or raven, Corvus scapulatus. 
^ndtuTsTnto^^^ sca P ulet,scapulette (skap'u-let), n. [.< scapu. 
sternum, scapulocoracoid, and scapula. Scapular ar- 
tery, (a) Dorsal, a large branch of the subscapular, which 
winds over the axillary border of the scapula to ramify 
in the infraspinous fossa. Also called dorsalis scapulit. 
(6) Posterior, the continuation of the transversalis colli 
along the vertebral border of the scapula as far as the 
inferior angle. - Scapular crow. See erow2 and scapu- 
lated. Scapular feathers, in ornith., those feathers gcapulimancy (skap'u-li-man-si), n. [<L.seoj)- 
which grow upon the pteryla humeralis or humeral tract; ^ the ghoulder-blades, + Gr. uavreia, divina- 
tion.] Divination by means of a shoulder-blade: 
same as omoplatoseopy. 
la ~+ dim. -et, -ette.] An appendage at the base 
of each of the manubrial lobes of some acalephs. 
They are secondary folds of the oral cylinder. 
The smaller appendages to the oral cylinder are sixteen 
in number, and are known as the scapulettes or upper leaf- 
like appendages. Amer. Jour. Set., 3d ser., XXXIII. 123. 
ers lying i 
sertion into the body. " See II., 3. Scapular hyoid mus- 
cle. Same as omohyoid. Scapular line, a vertical line 
drawn on the back through the inferior angle of the scap- 
ula. Scapular point, a tender point developed in neu- 
tnu-i 
in the interscapular region. Scapular region, the re- 
scapulimantic (skap"u-li-man'tik), a. [< scap- 
ulimancy (-ma nt-) -f- -ic.] Pertaining to scapu- 
limancy; omoplatoscopic : as, a scapulimantic 
rite or ceremony; a scapulimantic prophecy or 
omen. 
II. n. 1. A short cloak with a hood, appa- 
rently confined to monastic orders, and among 
them the garment for use while at work, etc., 
as distinguished from a fuller and longer robe scapuloclavicular (skap/u-lo-kla-vik'u-lar), a. 
- [< Nil. scapuloclavtculans, < scapula + clavicula 
+ -or 3 .] Pertaining to the scapula and the 
hence, specifically, (a) a long narrow strip of 
cloth, covering the shoulders and hanging down 
before and behind to the knees, worn by certain 
religious orders ; (6) two small pieces of cloth 
connected by strings, and worn over the shoul- 
ders by lay persons in the Roman Catholic 
Church, as a token of devotion, in honor of 
the Virgin Mary, etc. The original scapular was flrst 
introduced by St. Benedict, in lieu of a heavy cowl for 
the shoulders. Also scapulary. 
The doctoure of diuinitie, when he commenseth, hath 
his scapular cast ouer his headde, in token that he hathe 
forsaken the worlde for Christes sake. 
R. Eden (First Books on America, ed. Arber, p. 58). 
And slow up the dim aisle afar, 
With sable cowl and scapular, 
And snow-white stoles, in order due, 
The holy Fathers, two and two, 
In long procession came. 
Scott, L. of L. M., vi. 30. 
2. In surg., a bandage for the shoulder-blade. 
Also scapulary. 3. In ornitit., the bundle of 
feathers which springs from the pteryla hume- 
ralis or humeral tract, at or near the shoulder, 
clavicle : as, the scapuloclaviciilar articulation. 
" 8 " r au "{, rrVvriCSl 1 at ?<bv the bones & and Co In the cut under smpta. 
and lies along the side of the back; the shoul- scapu l odynia ( s kap"u-16-din'i-a). H. [NL., 
der-feathers: generally used in the plural. Also * , % G ^ * in -j p a i' n ^ the regie 
See cut under covert. 
The scapular or shoulder feathers, scapulars or scapu- 
laries; these are they that grow on the pterylse hume- 
rales. Coues, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 94. 
Tongue-scapular, a scapular on which twelve tongues 
of red cloth were sewed, put on a Cistercian monk who 
ris), n.; pi. scapuloclariculares (-rez). [NL.: 
see scapuloclavicular.] An anomalous muscle 
which in man may extend from the sternal part 
of the clavicle 
to the superior 
border of the 
scapula. 
scapulocora- 
coid (skap'u- 
16-kor'a-koid), 
a. and n. [< 
NL. scapula 
+ coracoides : 
see coracoid.] 
Same as cora- 
coscapular. 
Scapulocoracoid angle. Same as coracoscaptdar angle 
(which see, under coracoKcarndar). The angle is that formed 
< 
region 
of the scapula, 
scapulohumeral (skap"u-16-hu'me-ral), a. [< 
NL. scapula + humerus 4- -/.] Of or pertain- 
ing to the scapula and the humerus: as, the 
srapuloltumeral articulation (that is, the shoul- 
der-joint). 
S-as 
Pectoral Arch and Fore Limb of the Pike 
(Esox luctus), an osseous fish, showing scapu- 
locoracoid, composed of Sep. scapula or hy- 
percoracoid, and c>, coracoid or hypocora- 
coid ; c, posterior end of the outer margin of 
the scapulocoracoid ; *, t,, i, 2, 3, 4, 5, five 
fin-rays or radialia ; a, actinosts or basalia. 
had offended with his tongue. 
pleura, including the episternum and epimeron, scapulare (skap-u-la're), n. [NL., neut. of scapuloradial (skap"u-16-ra'di-al), a. [< NL. 
the latter being distinguished by Burmeister as ML. scapularis, pertaining to the shoulder: see snipula + radius + -/.] In mint., pertaining 
338 
