Schinus 
Schinus (ski'nus), n. [NL. (Linneeus, 1737), < 
Or. "xivof, the mastic-tree (prob. so named from 
its much-cracked bark), < axi&tv, cleave, split: 
see schism.] A genus of polypetalous trees, of 
the order .liinnirdiaci'ie and tribe Anacar/lii :i . 
It is characterized by dioecious flowers with unaltered 
calyx, five imbricated petals, ten stamens, three styles, 
and a one-celled ovary with a single ovule pendulous from 
near the summit of the cell, and becoming in fruit a globose 
wingless drupe resembling a pea, containing a leathery or 
bony stone penetrated by oil-tubes. There are about 13 
species, natives of wanner parts of South America and 
Australia. They are trees or shrubs with alternate and 
odd-pinnate leaves, and small white flowers in axillary 
and terminal bracted panicles. For S. Molle, see pepper- 
tree, 1 ; and for S. terebinthi/olius, see aroeira. 
schipt, n. An obsolete form of ship*. 
schiremant, An obsolete form of shire- 
schirmerite (sher'mer-it), n. [Named after J. 
F. L. Schirmer.'] A sulphid of bismuth, lead, 
and silver, occurring at the Treasury lode in 
Park county, Colorado. 
schirrevet, n. An obsolete form of sheriff 1 . 
S-chisel (es'chiz'el), n. In well-boring, a boring- 
tool having a cutting face shaped like the let- 
ter S. 
schisiophohe (skiz'i-o-fon), . [Appar. < Gr. 
axiaif, a cleaving, splitting, + <t>uvti, sound.] A 
form of induction-balance used for detecting 
flaws and internal defects in iron rails. 
All the indications of the instrument proved absolutely 
correct, the rails, &c., on being broken, showing flaws at 
the exact spot indicated by the schisiophone. 
Electric Rev. (Eng.), XXVI. 491. 
schism (sizm), n. [Early mod. E. also seism ; 
< ME. scisme, later scliisme, < OF. scisme, cisme, 
P. schisms = Pr. scisma, sisma = Sp. cisma = 
Pg. scliisma = It. scisma, < L. schisma, < Gr. 
axia^a, a cleft, split, schism, < ax'&tv, cleave, 
split, = L. scindere (\fscid), cut, = Skt. -\/ chhid, 
cut. Cf. schist, squill, abscind, rescind, etc., 
and schedule, etc.] 1. Division or separation ; 
specifically, in ecclesiastical usage, a formal 
separation within or from an existing church or 
religious body, on account of some difference 
of opinion with regard to matters of faith or 
discipline. 
Schism is a rent or division in the church when it comes 
to the separating of congregations. Milton, True Religion. 
Attraction is the most general law in the material world, 
and prevents a schism, in the universe. 
Theodore Parker, Ten Sermons on Religion. 
2. The offense of seeking to produce a division 
in a church. In the authorized version of the New 
Testament the word schism occurs but once (1 Cor. xii. 
25) ; but in the Greek Testament the Greek word <r\L<rfjia 
occurs eight times, being rendered in the English ver- 
sion 'rent' (Mat ix. 10) and 'division' (John vii. 43; 1 
Cor. xi. 18). From the simple meaning of division in the 
church the word has come to indicate a separation from 
the church, and now in ecclesiastical usage is employed 
solely to indicate a formal withdrawal from the church 
and the formation of or the uniting with a new organiza- 
tion. See def. 1. 
3. A schismatic body. 
From all false doctrine, heresy, and schism, . . . Good 
Lord, deliver us. Boo* of Common Prayer, Litany. 
They doo therfore with a more constante mynde per- 
seuer in theyr fyrst fayth which they receaued . . . than 
doo manye of vs, beinge diuided into scismes and sectes, 
whiche thynge neuer chaunceth araonge them. 
R. Eden, tr. of John Faber (First Books on America, ed. 
[Arber, p. 290). 
That Church that from the name of a distinct place 
takes autority to set up a distinct Faith or Government 
is a Seism and Faction, not a Church. 
Milton, Eikonoklastes, xxvii. 
Great schism. See great. Schism Act, or Schism 
Bill, in Eng. hist., an act of Parliament of 1713 (12 Anne, 
stat. 2, c. 7), " to prevent the growth of schism and for 
the further security of the churches of England and Ire- 
land as by law established." It required teachers to con- 
form to the established church, and refrain from attend- 
ing dissenting places of worship. The act was repealed 
by f>Geo. I., c. 4. 
schisma (skis'tna), n. ; pi. schismata (-ma-ta-). 
[< L. scliisma, ( Gr. axiapa, separation: see 
schism.] In musical acoustics, the interval be- 
tween the octave of a given tone and the third 
of the eighth fifth, less four octaves, represent- 
ed by the ratio 2 : 3 8 -r- 2 1 2 X }, or 32805 : 32768. 
This corresponds almost exactly to the difference be- 
tween a pure and an equally tempered fifth, which dif- 
ference is hence often called a schisma. A schisma and 
a diaschisma together make a syntonic comma. 
schismatic (siz-mat'ik), a. and n. [Formerly 
also scismatic; < OF. (and F.) schismatiquc = 
Pr. sinniatie = Sp. cismatico = Pg. schismatic!/ 
= It. scismatico, < LL. schismaticus, < Gr. OXIG- 
/mT/KoV, schismatic, < nx'ia\ia(j-), a cleft, split, 
schism : see scliisi.~\ I. a. Pertaining to, of 
the nature of, or characterized by schism ; tend- 
ing or inclined to or promotive of schism : as, 
schismatic opinions; a schismatic tendency. 
5389 
In the great schism of the Western Church, in which 
the Churches of the West were for forty years nearly 
equally divided, each party was by the other regarded as 
schismatic, yet we cannot doubt that each belonged to 
the true Church of Christ. Pusey, Eirenicon, p. 67. 
II. n. One who separates from an existing 
church or religious faith on account of a differ- 
ence in opinion ; one who partakes in a schism. 
See schism. 
As much beggarly logic and earnestness as was ever 
heard to proceed from the mouth of the most pertina- 
cious schismatic. 1. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 118. 
Dr. Pierce preach'd at White-hall on 2 Thessal. ch. 3. v. 6. 
against our late schismatics. Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 22, 1678. 
Unity was Dante's leading doctrine, and therefore he 
puts Mahomet among the schismatics, not because he di- 
vided the Church, but the faith. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 108. 
Expose the wretched cavils of the Nonconformists, and 
the noisy futility that belongs to schismatics generally. 
George Eliot, Felix Holt, xxiii. 
= Syn. Sectary, etc. See heretic. 
schismatical (siz-mat'i-kal), a. [Formerly also 
scismatical; < schismatic 3- -al.] Characterized 
by or tainted with schism; schismatic. 
The church of Home calls the churches of the Greek 
communion schismatical. 
Jer. Tat/lor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 282. 
schismatically (siz-mat'i-kal-i), adv. In a 
schismatic manner ; by a schismatic separation 
from a church ; by schism. 
SChismaticalness (siz-mat'i-kal-nes), . Schis- 
matic character or condition. 
SChismatize (siz'ma-tiz), v. i. ; pret. and pp. 
schismatised, ppr. sehismatizing. [< Gr. cx'ioua 
(-/tar-), a cleft, division (see schism), + -ize.] 
To play the schismatic; be tainted with a 
spirit of schism. Also spelled schismatise. 
[Rare.] 
From which [Church) I rather chose boldly to separate 
than poorly to schismatise in it. 
Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 42. (Dames.) 
Schismatobranchia (skis"ma-to-brang'ki-a), . 
pi. [NL. (J. E. Gray, 1821, as Chismato- 
branchia), < Gr. ax'ur/ui(T-), cleft, + ftpayxia, 
gills : see branchise.] A suborder of rhipido- 
glossate gastropods, with the gills in two plumes 
on the left side of the gill-cavity on each side 
of the mantle-slit, the body and shell spiral, 
the foot fringed and bearded, the eyes pedi- 
celled, and the central teeth of the odontophore 
very large and sessile. It was defined by Gray, for 
the families Baliotidte and Scissurellidx, as one of 9 
orders into which he divided his cryptobranchiate gastro- 
pods. 
schismatobranchiate (skis "ma - to -brang ' ki- 
at), a. Of or pertaining to the Schismatooran- 
SChismic (siz'mik), a. [( schism + -ip.] Taint- 
ed with or characterized by schism; schis- 
matic. [Bare.] 
Then to Carmel's top 
The Schi&mik Priests were quickly called vp : 
Vnto their Baal an Altar build they there ; 
To God the Prophet doth another rear. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Schisme. 
SChismless (sizm'les), a. [< schism + -less.] 
Free from schism; not affected by schism. 
[Bare.] 
The peace and good of the Church is not terminated in 
the schismelesse estate of one or two kingdomes, but 
should be provided for by the joynt consultation of all 
reformed Christendome. 
Milton, Church-Government, I. 6. 
Schismobranchiata (skis-mo-brang-ki-a'ta), 
n. pi. [NL. (De Blainville, 1825), < Gr. axia/ia, 
ax'"/*'!, a cleft (see schism), + pp&yrut, gills.] 
De Blainville's second order of his class Para- 
cephalophora, having the branchire communi- 
cating from behind by a large slit or cavity. 
Schismopneat (skis-mop'ne-a), n. pi. [NL., 
appar. by error for *Scliismopnoa, < Gr. axla/ui, 
axiapty, a cleft (see schism), + -KVOOI;, breath- 
ing, irvot/, breath, < vvclv, breathe.] An artifi- 
cial order or group of so-called cartilaginous 
fishes, formerly supposed to have no opercula 
nor branchiostegal membrane, including the 
Lophiid&, Balistidee, and Chimepridie. See cuts 
under angler, Balistcs, and Cliimeeridie. 
schist (shist), n. [< F. schiste, < L. scliixtnx, 
split, cleft, divided, < Gr. fr^orof, easily cleft, 
< GX'&IV, cleave : see schism.] A rock the con- 
stituent minerals of which have assumed a posi- 
tibn in more or less closely parallel layers or 
folia, due not to deposition as a sediment, but 
in large part, at least to metamorphic 
action, which has caused a rearrangement or 
imperfect crystallization of the component 
minerals, or the formation of new ones, these, 
in the course of the process, having assumed 
schistothorax 
the parallel arrangement characteristic of the 
rock. Schist and slate are not essentially different terms; 
hut of late years the latter has been chiefly employed to 
designate a fine-grained argillaceous rock divided into 
thin layers by cleavage-planes, and familiar in its use for 
roofing; while the word schist is generally employed in 
composition with a word indicating the peculiar mineral 
species of which the rock is chiefly made up, and which 
by its more or less complete foliation gives rise to the 
schistose structure : thus, hornblende-schist, chlorite-schist, 
mica-schist, etc. all included under the general desig- 
nation of crystalline schists, among which argillaceous 
schist also belongs, and from which it is separated only 
because its flssility is, as a general rule, more perfect than 
that of the other schists, and because it is for this reason 
of much practical importance, especially in its application 
to roofing. Also spelled shist. Knotted schist. Same 
as ihioti, 3 (/). Protozoic schists. See protozoic. 
schistaceous (shis-ta 'shins), a. [< schist + 
-aceoiis.] In zool. and bot., slate-gray; bluish- 
gray. 
schistic 1 (shis'tik), a. [< schist + -ic.~] Same 
as schistose. 
schistic a (skis'tik), a. [< Gr. oxiortf, divided 
(< axXeiv, cleave, divide: see schism, schisma), 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to schismata, or based upon 
an allowance for the difference of a schisma: 
as, a schistic system of tuning. 
schistify (shis'ti-fi), v. t. [< schist + -i-fy.~\ To 
change to schist; develop a schistose structure 
in. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XL VI. 301. 
schistocoelia (skis-to-se'li-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
o-^io-roc, cloven, + xoi/Ua, cavity.] In teratol., 
abdominal fissure; congenital defect of appo- 
sition of the right and left sides of the abdomi- 
nal walls. 
schistocoelus (skis-to-se'lus), n. [NL.: see 
schistocailia.] In teratol., a monster exhibiting 
schistoccelia. 
schistomelia (skis-to-me'li-a), n. [NL.: see 
schistomelus.] In teratol., the condition of a 
schistomelus. 
schistomelus (skis-tom'e-lus), n.; pi. schistom- 
eli (-15). [NL., < Gr. axiar6f, cloven, +- fic^of, 
limb.] In teratol., a monster with a fissured 
extremity. 
schistoprosopia (skis'to-pro-so'pi-a), n. [NL., 
< Gr. axiarof, cloven, + Trpdaanov, face.] Fis- 
sural malformation of the face, due to the re- 
tarded development of the preoral arches. 
SChistOprOSOpUS (skis"to-pro-so'pus), n.; pi. 
schistoprosopi (-pi). [NL., < Gr. o-^iorof, cloven, 
+ Trpoauxov, face.] In teratol., a monster whose 
face is fissured. 
schistose, schistous (shis'tos, -tus), a. [< schist 
+ -ose, -Otis.] Having the structure of schist ; 
resembling schist, or made up of a rock so des- 
ignated. A schistose structure differs from that result- 
ing from sedimentation in that the former bears the marks 
of chemical action in the more or less complete interlacing 
or felting of the component particles, and in the continual 
breaks or want of continuity of the lamina?, while in the 
latter the particles are only held together by some cement 
differing from them in composition, or even by pressure 
alone, and are arranged in a more distinctly parallel order 
than is usually the case with the schists. In rocks in 
which a slaty cleavage is very highly developed, as in 
roofing-slate, this cleavage is almost always quite distinct 
from and independent in position of the lines of stratifi- 
cation, and this fact can ordinarily be recognized with ease 
in the field. There are cases, however, in which a schis- 
tose structure has been developed in a mass of rock paral- 
lel with the planes of stratification. Also spelled shistose, 
shistous. 
Schistosity (shis-tos'i-ti), . [< schistose + -ity.] 
The condition of being schistose, or of having 
a schistose structure. 
Here, then, we have ... a continuous change of dip, 
and a common schistosity. 
Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLVI. 249. 
schistosomia (skis-to-so'mi-a), n. [NL.: see 
schistosomus.] In teratol., the condition of a 
schistosomus. 
schistosomus (skis-to-so'mus), n. ; pi. schixto- 
somi (-mi). [NL., < Gr. ff^urrdf , cloven, + adfia, 
body.] In teratol., a monster with an abdom- 
inal fissure. 
Schistostega (skis-tos'te-ga), n. [NL. (Mohr), 
< Gr. ox<oT6f, cloven, + arfYn, a roof.] A ge- 
nus of bryaceous mosses, giving name to the 
tribe Scliixtostegaceee. It is the only genus. 
SchistOStegacese (skis-tos-te-ga'se-e), n. pi. 
[NL., < Schistostega + -aceee.] A monotypic 
tribe of bryaceous mosses. They are annual plants 
with very tender and delicate stems which are of two 
forms. The "flowers" are terminal, loosely gemmifonn, 
producing a small subglobose capsule on a long soft pedi- 
cel. The calyptra is minute, narrowly mitriform, cover- 
ing the lid only. There is no peristome. 
schistosternia (skis-to-ster'ni-a), 11. [NL., < 
Gr. axurrAs, cloven, 4- arepvov, breast, chest.] 
In teratol., sternal fissure. 
schistothorax (skis-to-tho'raks). n. [NL., < 
Gr. ax/croc, cloven. + ftipof, a breastplate.] A 
