schistothorax 
malformation consisting of a fissure in the 
chest-walls, usually of the sternum. 
schistotrachelus (skis'to-tra-ke'lus), n. [NL., 
< Gr. ax'ar6f, cloven, + Tp&x&Of, neck, throat.] 
In teratol., congenital fissure in the region of 
the neck. 
Schizsea (ski-ze'a), n. [NL. (Smith, 1799), so 
called with ref. to the dichotomously many- 
cleft fronds; < Gr. ax'i&tv, cleave, split: see 
schism.] A genus of ferns, typical of the order 
Xcliizieace&. They arc small widely distributed plants 
of very distinct habit, having the sporangia large, ovoid, 
sessile, in two to four rows, which cover one side of close 
distichous spikes that form separate fertile segments at 
5390 
of coeloma or somatic cavity in which a peri- 
visceral or perienteric space results from a 
splitting of the mesoblast: distinguished from 
some kinds of body-cavities, as an enteroecele, 
for example. See enteroc/fle, and quotation un- 
der peri visceral. 
schizocoelous (skiz-o-se'lus), a. [< schisocoelf 
+ -o.] Resulting from splitting of the meso- 
blast, as a body-cavity ; having a schizocoele ; 
characterized by the presence of a schizocoele. 
The cavity of the thorax and abdomen of man is schizo- 
coelous. See the quotation under perivisceral. Huxley, 
Encyc. Brit., II. 53. 
schizodinic (skiz-6-din'ik), a. [< Gr. ax&tv, 
cleave, split, + cxf/f, the pangs of labor.] Re- 
producing or bringing forth by rupture : noting 
the way in which mollusks without nephridia 
may be supposed to extrude their genital pro- 
ducts : correlated with idtodinic and porodinic. 
The arrangement in Patella, Ac. is to be looked upon 
as a special development from the simpler condition when 
the Mollusca brought forth by rupture (= schizodinic, 
from u6i's, travail). 
E. R. Lankeiter, Encyc. Brit., XVI. 682. 
Schizodon (skiz'o-dou), . [NL. (Waterhouse, 
1841 ), < Gr. oxi&iv, cleave, split, + odoif (udovr-), 
tooth.] A genus of South American octodont 
rodents, related to Ctenomys, but with larger 
Sctiixaca pusillet. 
a, pinnule with sporangia ; f>, a sporangium, on larger scale. 
the apex of the fronds. The sterile segments of the fronds 
are slender, and simply linear, fan-shaped, or dlchotomous- 
ly many-cleft. There are 16 species, 01 which number only 
one, S. pusilla, is North American, that being confined 
mainly to the pine-barrens of New Jersey. 
Schizseaceae (skiz-e-a'se-e), . pi. [NL. (Mar- 
tius, 1834), < Schizsea + -ace&.~\ An order of 
ferns comprising a small number of species, 
included in five genera Schizsea, Lygodium, 
Aneimia,Mohria, and Trochopteris. See Schizeea 
and Lygodium. 
Schizanthus (skl-zan'thus), n. [NL. (Ruiz and 
Pavon, 1794), so called from the two deep- 
split and successively parted lips ; < Gr. axi&iv, 
cleave, split, + avtios, flower.] A genus of gamo- 
petalous plants, of the order Solanacex and tribe 
Salpiglossidx. It is characterized by flowers with a 
cylindrical tube and a spreading oblique plicate and imbri- 
cated limb which is somewhat two-lipped and deeply cut 
into eight to thirteen lobes, and containing two perfect 
stamens, three dwarf staminodes, and an oblong two-celled 
ovary. There are about 7 species, all natives of Chili. 
They are erect annuals, somewhat glandular-viscid, with 
deeply cut leaves, and are cultivated for their variegated 
and elegant flowers, usually under the name schizanthus, 
sometimes also as cut-jlotoer. 
schizocarp (skiz'o-karp), . [< Gr. ax'i&iv, 
cleave, split, + xa/j-of, a fruit.] In bot., a dry 
fruit which at maturity splits or otherwise sepa- 
rates into two or more one-seeded indehiscent 
carpels. The component carpels of such a fruit 
are called cocci. See regma, and cut under coc- 
cus. 
schizocarpic (skiz-o-kar'pik), a. [< schizocarp 
+ -ic.] In hot., resembling or belonging to a 
schizocarp. 
schizocarpous (skiz-o-kar'pus), a. [< schizocarp 
+ -OMS.] In bot., resembling or belonging to a 
schizot-arp ; splitting as in a schizocarp Schizo- 
carpous moss, a moss of the order Andreseaceie : so called 
from the fact that the capsule splits at maturity into four 
or rarely six equal segments, after the manner of a schizo- 
carp. See Andreeea, Bryacese. 
SChizocephaly (skiz-o-sef'a-li), . [< Gr. ax'tfrtv, 
cleave, split, + /ce0a/i^, head.] The practice of 
cutting off and preserving, often with orna- 
ments or religious rites, the heads of departed 
chiefs, warriors, or estimable persons: com- 
mon to tribes in South America, Micronesia, 
New Zealand, and northwestern America. W. 
H. Dull. 
Schizocoela (skiz-o-se'la), n. pi. [NL. : see 
sehizocale.'] Those animals which are schizo- 
coalous, or have a schizocoale. 
schizocoele (skiz'o-sel), n. [< Gr. ax&tv, cleave, 
split, + Koi/.ia, a hollow, cavity.] That kind 
Schizognathous Skull of 
Common Fowl, pmx, prc- 
maxilla ; ntxf, maxillo* 
palatine ; rrtx. maxilla ; //, 
palatine ; //, pterygoid ; 
vo, vomer. 
Srh iModon /tucus. 
ears, smaller claws, less massive skull, broad 
convex incisors, and molars with single external 
and internal folds, which meet in the middle of 
the tooth. S. fuscus is the species. 
schizogenesis (skiz-o-jen'e-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
aX'&tv, cleave, split, + yevcmc, production.] In 
biol., fission as a mode of reproduction ; genera- 
tion by fission. Haeckel. 
SChizOgenetiC (skiz'6-je-net'ik), a. [< gchizo- 
ijenesis, after genetic.'] In hot., same as schizo- 
</enic. 
schizogenic (skiz-o-jen'ik), a. [< Gr. ox'i&tv, 
split, cleave, + -yevfa, produced (see -gen), + 
-t'c.] In bot., produced by splitting or separa- 
tion : applied to cavities or intercellular spaces 
in plants that are formed by the separation or 
unequal growth of contiguous cells, leaving 
an interspace. Compare lysigenous, protogenic, 
liusterogenie. 
schizogenous (ski-zoj'e-nus), a. [As schizo- 
gai-ic + -os.] In hot., same as schizogenic. 
schizognath (skiz'og-nath). w.ando. I. n. A 
schizognathous bird. 
II. . Schizognathous. 
Schizognathae (ski-zog'na-the), n. pi. [NL., 
fern. pi. of schizognathits: see schizognathous.] 
In ornith., in Huxley's classification (1867), one 
of four primary divisions of carinate birds, em- 
bracing all those which exhibit schizognathism, 
or have the palate schizognathous. The division 
includes a number of superfamily groups the Peristero- 
morphx, Alectaromorphae, Spheniscomorphx, Crcovtwrphae, 
Geranmaorphie, and Charadriomorpha, or the pigeons, 
fowls, penguins, gulls and their allies, cranes and their al- 
lies, and plovers and snipes and their allies. 
schizognathism (ski-zog'na-thizm), . [< schi- 
zognath-ous + -ism.} In ornith., the schizog- 
nathous type or plan of palatal structure ; the 
Eeculiar arrangement of the palatal bones ex- 
ibited by the Schizognathse. 
Schizoffnathism is the kind of "cleft palate" shown by 
the columbine and gallinaceous birds, oy the waders at 
large, and by many of the swimmers. 
Cones, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 179. 
schizognathous (skl-zog'na-thus), a. [< NL. 
schizognathits, < Gr. exifrtv, cleave, split, + yv&- 
6of, jaw.] In ornith., haying the bony palate 
cleft in such a way that in the dry skull "the 
blade of a thin knife can be passed without 
meeting with any bony obstacle from the poste- 
Schizonemertina 
rior nares alongside the vomer to the end of 
the beak " ( Huxley) ; exhibiting schizognathism 
in the structure of the 
bony palate : as, a schisog- 
nathous bird; a. schizogna- 
thous palate; a schizog- 
nathous type of palatal 
structure. The vomer, whe- 
ther large or small, tapers to a 
point in front, while behind it 
embraces the basisphenoidal ros- 
trum, between the palatines; 
these bones and the pterygoids 
are directly articulated with one 
another and with the basisphe- 
noidal rostrum, not being borne 
upon the divergent posterior 
ends of the vomer ; the maxillo- 
palatines, usually elongated and 
lamellar, pass inward over the 
anterior ends of the palatines, 
with which they unite, and then 
bend backward, along the inner 
ends of the palatines, leaving a 
broader or narrower fissure be- 
tween themselves and the vomer, on each side, and do not 
unite with one another or with the vomer. 
schizogony (ski-zog'o-ni), n. [< Gr. ax'&w, 
cleave, split, + -yovia, generation; see -gony.~\ 
Same as sehizof/cnc/tis. 
Schizogony having once been established, it must have 
been further beneficial to the species. 
A. A. W. Hubrecht, Micros. Science, XXVII. 613. 
schizomycete (skiz'o-mi-set), . A member of 
the Schizomycetes. 
Schizomycetes (skiz'o-ml-se'tez), n. pi. [NL., 
< Gr. oxi&iv, cleave, split, + HVK.IK, pi. pi'ia/ref, 
a fungus, mushroom: see Mycetes 2 .] A class 
or group of minute vegetable organisms known 
as bacteria, microbes, microphytes, etc., and 
allied forms, belonging to the achlorophyl- 
lous division of the Schizosporeie of Cohn (the 
Sckizophyta of later authorities), or to the Pro- 
tophyta of still more recent authors. They were 
at first regarded as being simple fungi, and hence are 
sometimes still called fisxwnfun'ji, but recent investiga- 
tions indicate that they are more closely allied to the 
Schizophycea or lower algaj than to the true fungi. They 
are probably degenerate alga?, a condition which has been 
brought about by their saprophytic or parasitic habits. 
They consist of single cells which may be spherical, ob- 
long, or cylindrical in shape, or of filamentous or various 
other aggregations of such cells. The cells are com- 
monly about 0.001 millimeter in diameter, or from two to 
five times that measurement ; but smaller and a few larger 
ones are known. They are, with one or two exceptions, 
destitute of chlorophyl, and multiply by repeated bi- 
partitions. True spores are known in several forms, but 
no traces of sexual organs exist. They are saprophytic or 
parasitic, and occur the world over as saprophytes. They 
abound in running streams and rivers, in still ponds and 
ditches; in the sea, in bogs, drains, and refuse-heaps; in 
the soil, and wherever organic infusions are allowed to 
stand ; in liquids containing organic matter, as blood, 
milk, wine, etc. ; and on solid food-stuff, such as meat, 
vegetables, preserves, etc. As parasites, numerous spe- 
cies inhabit various organs of men and animals, causing 
most of the infectious diseases, as tuberculosis, typhoid 
fever, cholera, etc. Plants are subject to their attack to 
a more limited degree, a circumstance that is probably 
due to the acid fluids of the higher vegetable organisms. 
.Schizomycetes vary to a considerable extent according 
to the conditions of their environment, and hence many 
growth-forms occur which have frequently received differ- 
ent generic names. The round growth-forms are called 
Coccus or Micrococcus; the rod-like forms havebeen term- 
ed Bacillus, Bacterium, etc. ; the shortly coiled forms are 
known as Vibrio ; the spiral forms have received the names 
Spirillum or Spirochxta ; and the very elongated filiform 
ones are Lcptothrix, etc. Their behavior with reference 
to the supply or exclusion of oxygen has led to their divi- 
sion by Pasteur into aerobiotic, or such as require a plenti- 
ful supply of free oxygen for the purpose of vegetation, 
and anaerobiotic, or those in which vegetation is pro- 
moted by the exclusion of oxygen, or at least is possible 
when oxygen is excluded. There are, however, various 
intermediate forms. See entophyte, Fungi, Protophyta, 
Bacteriacex, Bacterium, Micrococcus, Leptothrix, Baculus, 
Spirillum, Spirochxta, Vibrio. 
schizomycetous (skiz'o-mi-se'tus), a. In bot., 
belonging or related to the Schizomycetes. 
schizomycosis (skiz'o-ml-ko'sis), n. [NL., as 
Xclii;ii/r(rtfs) + -osis.~] Disease due to the 
growth of Schizomycetes in the body. 
Schizonemertea (skiz'o-ne-mer'te-a), H. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. ax't&tv, split, cleave, 4- NL. Keim-r- 
tea, q. v.] Hubrecht's name (1879) of a division 
of nemertean worms, correlated with Hoplone- 
mertea and Palasonemertea, containing the sea- 
longworms which have the head fissured, the 
mouth behind the ganglia, and no stylets in 
the proboscis, as Lineus, Cerebratuliis, Langia, 
and Borlasia. 
schizonemertean (skiz"o-ne-mer'te-an), a. and 
. I. a. Of or pertaining to 'the Schizonemertea. 
II. n. A member of the Schizonemertea, as a 
sea-longworm. 
Also schizonemertine. 
Schizonemertina, Schizonemertini (skiz-o- 
nem-er-ti'na, -nl), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
