school-pence 
school-pence (skSl'pens), n. p!. A small weekly 
sum paid in school for tuition. [Great Brit- 
ain.] 
If the parents are to pay schonlpence, why are not their 
pence taken for providing a daily substantial dinner for 
the children? Nineteenth Century, XXVI. 741. 
SChool-pointt (skol'point), . A point for scho- 
lastic disputation. 
They be rather spent in declaryng scholepoynt rules 
than in gathering fit examples for vse and vtterance. 
Ascham, The Scholemaster, p. 131. 
Dispute no more in this; for know, young man, 
These are no school-points. Ford, 'Tis Pity, i. 1. 
school-room (skol'rom), . 1. A room for 
teaching: as, the duties of the school-room. 
2. School accommodation: as, the city needs 
more school-room. 
school-ship (skol'ship), n. A vessel used for 
the instruction and training of boys and young 
men in practical seamanship. 
school-taught (skol'tat), a. Taught at or in 
school or the schools. 
Let school-taught pride dissemble all it can. 
Goldsmith, Traveller, 1. 41. 
school-teacher (sk61'te"cher), n. One who 
gives regular instruction in a school. 
school-teaching (skoTte"ching), n. The busi- 
ness of instruction in a school. 
school-time (skol' tim), . 1 . The time at which 
a school opens : as, nine o'clock is school-time. 
2. The time in life passed at school. 
Life here is but the schooltime of eternity hereafter. 
Lancet, No. 3501, p. 708. 
school-whale (skol'hwal), n. A whale that ha- 
bitually schools, or one in the act of schooling; 
one of a school of whales: opposed to lone 
whale. 
schooly (sk8 ' li), n. [Cf . school-fish, 2.] The 
menhaden. 
schooner (sko'ner), . [The first vessel so call- 
ed is said to have been built at Gloucester, 
Mass., by Captain Andrew Eobinson, about 
1713. When the vessel slid off the stocks into 
the water, a bystander cried out, "O, how she 
scoons ! " Robinson instantly replied, ' ' A scoon- 
er let her be!"; and from that time vessels of 
this kind have gone by the name thus acciden- 
tally imposed. The proper spelling is scooner, 
lit. 'skipper' or 'skimmer,' < scoon, q. v., + 
-er l . It is now spelled schooner, as if derived 
< D. schooner; but the D. schooner, G. schoner, 
schooner, schttncr, Sw. skonert, Dan. skonnert, 
F. schooner, Sp. Pg. escuna, Buss, shkuna, Turk. 
uskuna, are all from E. A similar allusion to 
the light, skimming movement of the vessel is 
involved in the usual F. name for a schooner, 
goelette, lit. 'a little gull,' dim. of goeland, a 
gull, < Bret, gwelan = W. gwylan =Corn. </'- 
/nii,0: gull : see gull?.] 1 . A fore-and-aft rigged 
vessel, formerly with only two masts, but now 
Four-masted Schooner. 
often with three, and sometimes with four or 
five. Schooners lie nearer the wind than square-rigged 
vessels, are more easily handled, and require much smaller 
crews ; hence their general use as coasters and yachts. 
See also cut under pilot-boat. 
Went to see Captain Robinson's lady. . . . This gentle- 
man was the first contriver of schooners, and built the 
first of the sort about eight years since. 
Dr. Moses Prince, L3tter written at Gloucester, Mass., 
[Sept. 2">, 1721 (quoted by Babson, Hist, of Glouces- 
[ter, p. 252). (Webster's Diet.) 
2. A covered emigrant-wagon formerly used 
on the prairies. See prairie-schooner. 3. A 
tall glass used for liquor, especially lager-beer, 
and supposed to hold more than an ordinary 
beer-glass. [Colloq., U. S.]-Topsail schooner, 
a schooner which has no tops at her foremost, and is fore- 
and-aft rigs-eel at her mainmast. She differs from a her- 
nuphrodite brig in that she is not properly square-rigged 
at her foremast, having no top and carrying a fore-and-aft 
foresail, instead of a square foresail and a spencer or try- 
sail. Dana. 
5395 
schooner-smack (sko'ner-smak), n. A schoon- 
er-rigged fishing-smack: the first form of sharp- 
bowed schooner, out of which the present 
Gloucester schooner was developed. 
schorget, . and v. A Middle English form of 
scourge. 
schorist (sho'rist), n. [G. schorist (see def.).] 
An advanced student in German Protestant 
universities who made a fag of a younger stu- 
dent. See pennal. 
schorl, Shorl (shorl), n. [= F. schorl. < G. 
schorl = Sw. skorl = Dan. skjfirl, schorl; per- 
haps < Sw. skor = Dan. skjor, brittle, frail.] A 
term used by early mineralogists to embrace a 
large group of crystallized minerals: later lim- 
ited to common black tourmalin. Schorl is closely 
connected with granite, in which it often occurs, espe- 
cially in tin-producing regions, schorl being a frequent 
associate of the ores of this metal. Blue schorl, a va- 
riety of hatiyne. Red schorl, titanic schorl, names of 
rutile. Schorl rock, an aggregate of schorl and quartz. 
Violet schorl, axinite. White schorl, albite. 
schorlaceous, shorlaceous (shor-la'shius), a. 
[< schorl + -aceoiis.} In mineral., containing 
schorl or black tourmalin, as granite sometimes 
does. 
SChorlomite (shor'lo-mit), . A silicate of ti- 
tanium, iron, and calcium, occurring massive, 
of a black color and conchoidal fracture, at 
Magnet Cove in Arkansas. The name, which was 
given to it by Shepard, refers to its resemblance to tour- 
malin or schorl. It is often associated with a titaniferous 
garnet, and is itself sometimes included in the garnet 
group. 
schorlous (shor'lus), a. [< schorl + -ous.] Per- 
taining to or containing schorl or tourmalin; 
possessing the properties of schorl. 
schorly(shor'li), a. [< schorl + -)/ 1 .] Relating 
to or containing schorl or tourmalin Schorly 
granite, a granite consisting of schorl, quartz, feldspar, 
and mica. Sir C. Lyett. 
schottische (sho-tesh'), n. [Also schottish; < G. 
schottisch, Scottish, < Schotte, a Scot: see Scoft, 
Scottish.] 1. A variety of polka. 2. Music for 
such a dance or in its rhythm. 
schoilt (skout), . [< D. sellout, a bailiff, sheriff, 
earlier schouwt, a spy, overseer, bailiff, < OF. 
escoute, a spy, scout: see scoufl.] A bailiff or 
sheriff: in the Dutch settlements in America 
this officer corresponded nearly to a sheriff, 
but had some functions resembling those of a 
municipal chief justice. 
Startled at first by the unexpected order, and doubtful 
perhaps of their right to usurp the functions of the gchout, 
the soldiers hesitated. The Atlantic, LXIV. 192. 
Schrader's grass. Same as rescue-grass. 
Schrankia (shrang'ki-a), n. [NL. (Willdenow, 
1805), named after Franz von Paula Schrank 
(1747-1835), a German naturalist.] A genus 
of leguminous plants, of the suborder Mimosese 
and tribe Eiimimose/e. It is characterized by funnel- 
shaped gamopetalous flowers in a globose or cylindrical 
spike, with separate and projecting stamens, and a many- 
ovuled ovary becoming in fruit an acute and linear prickly 
legume with a dilated persistent margin as broad as the 
valves, and from which the latter fall away. There are6 spe- 
cies, all American, one extending also into tropical Africa. 
S. aneinata, known as sensitive brier, is a native of the 
southern United States. They are commonly prostrate 
herbs or undershrubs, armed with recurved spines, and 
bearing bipinnate leaves with many small leaflets which 
are often extremely sensitive to the touch. The rose-col- 
ored or purplish flower-heads are solitary or clustered in 
the axils. 
schreibersite (shrl'ber-sit), n. [Named after 
Carl von Schreibers of Vienna, a director of the 
imperial cabinet.] A phosphide of iron and 
nickel, occurring in steel-gray folia and grains 
in many meteoric irons: it is not known to oc- 
cur as a terrestrial mineral. 
schrinkt, . A Middle English form of shrink. 
Schroeder's operations. See operation. 
schroetterite (shret'er-it), n. [< Schroetter, .who 
first described it, + -ite~.~\ A hydrous silicate 
of aluminium, related to allophane. 
schrofft, n. See scruff, shriiff. 
schrychet, r. i. A Middle English form of shriek. 
schuchint, n. An obsolete form of scutcheon. 
schuitt (skoit), n. [Also sclmyl; < D. schuit, 
MD. schni/t, a small boat : see scout^.] A short, 
clumsy Dutch vessel used in rivers. 
We . . . took a schuit, and were very much pleased with 
the manner and conversation of the passengers, where 
most speak French. Pepys, Diary, May 18, 1680. 
Schulhof repeating rifle. See rifle*. 
Schultze's phantom. A manikin of the fe- 
male pelvis and adjacent parts, used in teach- 
ing obstetrics. 
schulzite (shul'tsit), n. [< Guillaume Schulz, a 
French geologist, + -ifc 2 .] Same as geocronite. 
schuytt, n. See schuit. 
Schwab's series. See series. 
Schwenkfelder 
Schwalbea (slnval'bO-ii), . [NL. (Gronoyius, 
1737), named after C. G. Schtcalbe, a physician 
from Holland, who wrote on Farther India, 
1715.] A genus of gamopetalous plants of the 
order ScrupliulnHiicx and tribe Eiipltraiiete. 
It is characterized t>y flowers with two bractlets, a two- 
lipped calyx and corolla, four stamens, equal anther-cells, 
anil as fruit an ovate capsule with very numerous linear 
seeds. The only species, S. Americana, is a native of the 
Atlantic coast of the United States from Massachusetts 
southward, and is known as chaf-seed. It is a perennial 
hairy herb, with ovate and entire opposite leaves which 
become narrower and alternate above, and yellowish 
and purple flowers in a somewhat one-sided wand-like 
raceme. 
Schwann's sheath. Same as primitive sheath 
(which see, under primitive). 
schwartzembergite (shwarts'em-berg-it), n. 
[Named from Seiior Scliwartzemberg of Copia- 
po.] A mineral containing the iodide, chlorid, 
and oxid of lead, occurring with galena at a 
mine in Atacama, South America. 
Schwartze's operation. See operation. 
Schwartzian (shwart'si-an), a. and n. [< 
Schwartz (see def.) + -ian.~] I. a. Of or per- 
taining to the mathematician H. A. Schwartz. 
Schwartzian derivative. See derivative. 
II. n. That differential function of a variable 
y which is denoted by the expression 2y' y'" 
3y" 2 , where the accents denote differentia- 
tions. It is the first function which attracted 
attention as a reciproeant. 
schwatzite (shwat'sit), . [< Schwatz (see def.) 
+ -j(c 2 .] A variety of tetrahedrite containing 
15 per cent, of mercury: it is found at Schwatz 
(Schwarz) in Tyrol. 
SchweiggeriaCshwi-ge'ri-a),. [NL. (Sprengel, 
1821), named after A. F. Scliweigger (1783-1821), 
a German naturalist.] A genus of polypetalcus 
plants, of the order Violarieee and tribe Violese, 
with flowers similar to the type as seen in the 
violet in the enlarged and spurred lower petals, 
the peculiar membranous dilatation of the an- 
ther-connectives, and the spur upon the two 
lower anthers, but distinguished by the very 
unequal sepals. The 2 species are natives, one of 
Brazil, the other of Mexico, and are erect shrubs with al- 
ternate leaves and solitary flowers in the axils. S. pant- 
flora of Brazil is in cultivation as a greenhouse evergreen 
under the name of tong<te-molet (so called from the shape 
of its white flowers). 
Schweinfurth blue, green. See blue, green*-. 
Schweinitzia (shwi-nit'zi-a), n. [NL. (Elliott, 
1818), named after L. D. von Schweinitz (1780- 
1834), an American botanist.] A genus of 
gamopetalous plants, of the order Monotropese. 
It is characterized by persistent flowers with five scale- 
like erect sepals, a bell-shaped flve-lobed corolla, ten 
stamens with introrsely pendulous anthers, a disk with 
ten rounded lobes, and a globose five-celled ovary with 
very numerous ovules crowded upon thick two-lobed pla- 
centa;. The only species, S. odorata, is a rare smooth 
and scaly leafless parasitic herb, which is found native 
in the United States from near Baltimore to North 
Carolina in the mountains, and known as smeet pine- 
sap. The flesh-colored and nodding flowers form a loose 
spike, and, like the whole plant, emit the odor of vio- 
lets. 
schweitzerite (shwi'tser-it), n. [< G. Schweitzer, 
Swiss, + -z'te' 2 .] A variety of serpentine from 
Zermatt in Switzerland. 
schwelle (shwel'e), . [G.] A threshold or 
limen in the psychophysical sense; the great- 
est nerve-excitation of a given kind which fails 
to produce any sensation. A sound, a taste, a smell, 
a pressure, etc., as physical excitations produce no sen- 
sations at all unless their intensity is greater than a cer- 
tain limit Differential schwelle, a difference of sen- 
sible excitations of a given kind which is the greatest 
that cannot be perceived. The existence of a differential 
schwelle has been disproved. Any difference of sensible 
excitations produces a difference of sensations ; and al- 
though this difference may be too small to be directly per- 
ceived with a given effort of attention, it will produce mea- 
surable psychological effects. 
Schwendenerian (shwen-de-ne'ri-an), . and a. 
[< Schwendener (see Schwendenerism) + -ian.'] 
I. n. A believer in Schwendenerism. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to Schwendener or 
his theory. 
Schwendenerism (shwen'den-er-izm), n. [< 
Sclnoendener (see def.) + -ism."] The theory of 
Schwendener (a German botanist, born 1829) 
that a lichen consists of an algal host-plant and 
a parasitic fungus. See Lichenes. 
According to Schwendenerism, a lichen is not an indi- 
vidual plant, but rather a community made up of two 
distinct classes of cryptogams. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 557. 
Schwenkfelder (shwengk'fel-der), . [< 
Schwenkfeld (see def.) + -cr 1 .] A member of a 
German denomination founded in Silesia in the 
sixteenth century by Kaspar Schwenkfeld. They 
select their ministers by lot, maintain a strict church dis- 
cipline, and do not observe the sacraments. They are 
now found chiefly In Pennsylvania. 
