Scolopacids 
Scolopaccous Courlan (strarnits 
are more or less lengthened, usually bare above the suf- 
frage, scutellateor partly reticulate; there are four toes, 
with few exceptions, cleft to the base or furnished with 
one or two basal webs, never full-webbed nor lobate. The 
Scolopacidie average of small size, like plovers ; they nest 
almost always on the ground, and lay four pointedly pyri- 
form eggs : the young are hatched downy, and run about 
atonce. The family is of cosmopolitan dUtiibution. See 
snipe, and cuts under Limona, ruff, Jttiyacophilus, Rhyn- 
choe.a, sandpiper, sanderling, and redshank. 
Scolopacinae (skol"o-pa-si'ne), . pi. [NL., < 
Scolopax (-pac-) + -inse.] A subfamily of Scolo- 
pacidss, represented by the genus Scolopax and 
its immediate relatives; the true snipes and 
woodcocks. The bill is at least twice as long as the 
head, straight, with closely contracted gape, very long 
nasal grooves, and great sensitiveness. The leading genera 
besides Scolopax are Philokela (the American woodcock), 
Gattiitago (the ordinary snipe), and Macrorhamphus. See 
these words. 
scolopacine (skol'6-pas-iu), a. [< Scolopax 
(-pac-) + -IMP*.] Snipe-like; resembling, re- 
lated to, or characteristic of snipes; belonging 
to the Scolopacidse, and especially to the Scolo- 
pacinse. 
BCOlopacoid (skol'o-pak-oid), o. [< Gr. oKo).6iraf 
(-TTOK-), a snipe, -t-'cirfoc, form.] Resembling a 
snipe, plover, or other limiooKne bird; limico- 
line ; charadriomorphic ; belonging to the Sco- 
lopacoidcse. 
Scolopacoide8e(skol"o-pa-koi'de-e),M.p7. [NL., 
< Scolopax (-pac-) + -oidese.] A superfamily of 
wading birds, the snipes and their allies; the 
plover-snipe group : synonymous with Limicolss 
and Cliaradriomorphse. [Recent.] 
Scolopax (skol'o-paks), n. [NL.,< LL. scolopax, 
< Gr. <7KO/W-af, a large snipe-like bird, perhaps 
a woodcock.] A Linnean genus of Scolopacidse, 
formerly including most of the scolopacine and 
some other birds, but now restricted to the ge- 
nus of which the European woodcock, S. rusti- 
cula, is the type : in this sense synonymous only 
with Rusticola. The birds most frequently 
called snipe belong to the genera Gallinago and 
Macrorhamplms. See snipe. 
scolopendert, n. Same as scolopendra. 
scolopendra (skol-o-pen'dra), n. [Also scolo- 
pender; < F. scolopendre = Sp. Pg. escolopendra 
= It. scolopendra, < L. scolopendra, a milleped, 
also a certain fish supposed, when caught by a 
hook, to eject its entrails, remove the hook, 
and then take them in again ; < Gr. onoUmvdpa, 
a milleped, also the sea-scolopendra, an animal 
of the genus Nereis, or Aphrodite, 2.J 1. Some 
imaginary sea-monster. 
Bright Scolopendraes arm'd with silver scales. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. xii. 23. 
2. [cop.] [NL. (Linnseus, 1735).] A Linnean 
genus of myriapods, approximately the same 
as the class Myriapoda, subsequently variously 
restricted, now the type of the limited family 
Scolopendridse, and containing such centipeds 
as have the cephalic segments imbricate, four 
stemmatous ocelli on each side, attenuated an- 
tennse, and twenty-one pairs of feet. Among 
them are the largest and most formidable centipeds, 
whose poisonous claws inflict very painful and even dan- 
gerous wounds. Swch is 5. castaniceps, of a greenish color 
with chestnut head, and 5 or 6 inches long, justly dreaded 
in southerly portions of the United States. See cuts un- 
der basilar, centiped, cephalic, and epilabrum. 
Scolopendrella (skol"6-pen-drel'a), n. [NL., 
< Scolopendra + -ella.] The typical genus of 
Scohpendrellidse. 
Scolopendrellidse (skol"o-pen-dreri-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Scolopendrella -f- -idee.] A family of 
centipeds, named from the genus Scolopendrella, 
having the body and limbs short, the antennae 
long with more than sixteen joints, and sixteen 
imbricated dorsal scutes. Also Scolopendrel- 
lime, as a subfamily. Newport. 
5404 
Scolopendridae (skol-o-pen'dri-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Scolopendra + -idee.} A family of chilo- 
pod myriapods, typified by the genus Scolopen- 
dra, and variously restricted. In a now usual ac- 
ceptation it includes those centipeds which have from 
twenty-one to twenty-three limb-bearing segments, uni 
serial scutes, few ocelli if any, and the last pair of legs 
thickened and generally spinose. There are many genera. 
The family is contrasted with Cermatiidse, LUhobiidte, 
Scolopendrellidfe, and Geophilidfe. 
Scolopendrieae(8kol''o-pen-dri'v-e), n.pl. [XL., 
< Scolopendrhim + -ese.] A tribe of ferns, typi- 
fied by the genus Scolo/K ii/lriiin/. The sori are the 
same as in the Aspleniex, except that they are arranged 
in pairs and open toward each other. 
SCOlOpendrifonn (skol-o-pen'dri-f6rm), a. [< 
NL. scolopendra + L. forma, form.] Resem- 
bling or related to a centiped ; scolopendrine. 
Applied in entomology to certain larva? : (a) carnivorous 
elongate and depressed larvtc, having falcate acute man- 
dibles, a distinct thoracic shield, and the rudiments of an- 
tenna?, as those of certain beetles ; and (6) depressed and 
elongate spinose caterpillars of some butterflies. Also 
called chUopodtform. 
Scolopendrinae(skol''o-pen-dri'ne), n.pl. [NL., 
< Scolo/iendra + -inir.] 1. A subfamily of 
Scolopendridse : contrasted with l.itlinbiime and 
Geophilinse : same as Scolopendridse in the usual 
sense. 2. A restricted subfamily of Scolopen- 
dridse, characterized by nine pairs of valvular 
spiracles. 
SCOlopendrine (skol-o-pen'drin), fl. [< Scolo- 
pendra + -iwe 1 .] Resembling or related to a 
centiped; pertaining to the Scolopendridse or 
Scolopendrinse ; chilopod in a narrow sense. 
Scolopendrine scaleback, a polychaetous marine anne- 
lid of the genus Poli/noe, as P. scotopendrina ; a kind of 
sea-ceutiped. See cut under Polynoe. 
Scolopendrium (skol-o-pen'dri-um), . [NL. 
(Smith, 1791), < L. scolopendrion = Gr. o/roXo- 
irMpiov, a kind of fern, (. oKo).6irevfipa, a mille- 
ped: see scolopendra.] A genus of asplenioid 
ferns, closely allied to the genus Asplenium, 
from which it differs in having the sori linear, 
and confluent in pairs, opening toward each 
other. The fronds are usually large, and coriaceous or 
suhcoriaceous in texture. The genus, which is widely dis- 
tributed, contains 7 or 8 species. S. mdgare, the only spe- 
cies found in North America, is also found in England, 
Gothland to Spain, Madeira, the Azores, Caucasus. Persia, 
Japan, and Mexico. It has entire or undulate fronds that 
are oblong-lanceolate from an aurlcled heart-shaped base. 
They are tf to 18 inches long and from 1 to 2 inches wide. 
The plant is commonly called harfs-tongve, but has also 
such provincial names as adder's-tonrrue, buttonhole, fox- 
tongue, lamb's-tongue, snake-leaves, etc. See finger-fern. 
SCOlopendroid (skol-6-pen'droid), a. [< scolo- 
pendra + -oid.] Scolopendriform or scolopen- 
drine in a broad sense. 
SCOlopsite (sko-lop'sit), n. [< Gr. aK&Aoip, any- 
thing pointed,' a pale, stake, thorn, + -te 2 .] A 
partially altered form of the mineral haiiynite. 
scolstert, . See scoldfter. 
Scolytidae (sko-lit'i-de), n. pi. [NL. (Kirby, 
1837), < Scolytus + -idx.] A very large family of 
Coleoptera, typified by the genus Scolytus, con- 
taining bark- and wood-boring beetles of small 
size, having the pygidium surrounded at the 
edge by the elytra, and the tibia usually ser- 
rate, the head not rostrate, the maxillre with 
one lobe, and the antenuse short, claviform or 
perfoliate. In their larval state these insects do im- 
raensedamage to forest- and fruit-trees, under the bark of 
which they bore long galleries, as do the Bostrychidfe, with 
which they hare been sometimes confounded. Their color 
is black or brown, and they are almost exclusively lignivo- 
rous in habit. Nearly 1,000 species have been described, 
of which 150 belong to temperate North America. Xylo- 
borui dispar, the shot-borer or pin-borer, and Tomiwt 
callif/raphus, the fine-writing bark-beetle, are familiar ex- 
amples. See Xylophaga, and cut under pin-borer. 
scolytoid (skol'i-toid), a. [< Scolytus + -oid.] 
1 . Resembling, related to, or belonging to the 
Scolytidse. 2. Specifically, noting the sixth 
and final larval stage of those insects which 
undergo hypermetamorphosis, as the blister- 
beetles (Meloidse). The scolytoid follows the 
coarctate stage of such insects. C. V. Riley. 
Scolytus (skol'i-tus), n. [NL. (Geoffrey, 1762), 
also Scolyttus, prop. *Scolyptu#, irreg. < Gr. 
muMirruf, crop, strip, peel; cf. xd7oc, docked, 
clipped.] A genus of bark-beetles, typical of 
the family Scolytidse, having the ventral surface 
of the body flattened or concave. The spe- 
cies are mainly European and North American. 
S. ritffulosus is the so-called pear-blight beetle. 
scomber 1 !, " An obsolete form of scitmber. 
Scomber 2 (skom'ber), n. [NL. (Linneens, 1758), 
< L. scomber, < Gr. ono/iflpof, a mackerel, a tun- 
ny.] A Linnean genus of acanthopterygian 
fishes, used with varying limits, and typical of 
the family Scombridfe and subfamily Seonihri- 
nee. As at present restricted, it includes only the species 
of true mackerels which have the spinous dorsal fin of 
less than twelve spines, short and remote from the second 
Scombridae 
or soft dorsal, teeth on both palatines and vomer, and the 
corselet obsolete, as S. scombrtts, S. pneumatophorus, etc. 
This excludes the frigate-mackerels (Auxin), the Span- 
ish mackerel (Scombervmarm), the horse-mackerels, boni- 
tos. tunnies, etc. See mackerel^ . 
Scqmberesoces (skom-be-res'o-sez), H. pi. 
[NL., pi. of Scontberesox'.] Same as Scombe- 
resocidee. 
Scomberesocidae (skom*be-re-sos'i-de), >/. pi. 
[NL., < Scomberesox (-esoc-'j + -idee.] A family 
of synentognathous fishes, typified by the genus 
Scomberesojc, to which varying limit s have been 
assigned. They are physoclistous fishes, with the body 
scaly and a series of keeled scales along each side of the 
belly, the margin of the upper jaw formed by the inter- 
maxillaries mesially and by the maxillaries laterally, the 
lower pharyngeals united in a single bone, and the dor- 
sal tin opposite the anal. In a broad sense, the family 
consists of about 8 genera and 100 species, including the 
belonids or gars, the hemirhamphines or halfbeaks, and 
the exocoetines or flying-fish. In a restricted sense, it 
includes the flying-fishes and hemirhamphines as well as 
the sauries, the belonids being excluded. Also Scombre- 
gocidx. See cut under saury. 
Scomberesocinae (skom-be-res-o-si'ne), . pi. 
[NL.,< Scomberesox (-esoc-) + -inse.] Asubfam- 
ily oi, synentognathous fishes, represented by 
the genus Scomberesiix, which has been various- 
ly limited, but is generally restricted to those 
Scomberesocidse which have the maxillary an- 
kylosed with the premaxillary, both jaws pro- 
duced, and both annl and dorsal fins with fiulets. 
scomberesocine (skom-be-res'o-sin), a. Per- 
taining to the Scomberesocinse, or having their 
characters. 
Scomberesox (skom-ber'e-soks), n. [NL. (La- 
cep^le, 1803), < Scomber^ + Esox, q. v.] The 
typical genus of Scomberesocidse ; the mackerel- 
pikes, saury pikes, or sauries. The body is long, 
compressed, and covered with small deciduous scales ; the 
jaws are more or less produced intoabeak ; the gill-rakers 
are long, slender, and numerous ; the air bladder is large ; 
and there are no pyloric cseca. The dorsal and anal fins are 
opposite as in Esox, and flnlets are developed as in Scom- 
ber. In 5. saurus, the true saury, also called skipper and 
bill-fish, the beak is long ; the color is olive-brown, silvery 
on the sides and belly ; and the length is about 18 inches. 
This species is wide-ranging in the open sea. S. brevirostrti 
is a smaller saury, with the jaws scarcely forming a beak ; 
it is found on the coast of California. Also Seamlmnx. 
See cut under saury. 
Scomberidae(8kom-ber'i-de),n.7>?. [NL.,< Seoro- 
be r 2 + -id.'] Same as Scombridse. Yarrell,1836. 
scomberoid (skom'be-roid), a. and . [< NL. 
Scomber^ + -oid.] Same as scombroid. 
Scomberoides (skom-be-roi'dez), . [NL., < L. 
scomber, mackerel, + 6r. tMof, form.] Same as 
Scombroides. 
Scomberoidinae (skom'*be-roi-di'ne), . pi. 
[NL., < Scomberoides + -iiise.] A subfamily of 
Carangidse, typified by the genus Scomberoides, 
with the premaxillaries not protractile (except 
in the very young), the pectoral fins short and 
rounded, the second dorsal like the anal, and 
both much longer than the abdomen, it contains 
a few tropical sea-fishes, one of which (Oligoplitet saurus) 
sometimes reaches the southern coastof the United States. 
Scomberomorus(skom-be-rom'o-rus), n. [NL. 
(Lac6pede, 1802), < L. scomber,' mackerel (see 
Scomber?), + Gr. bftopos, bordering on, closely 
resembling.] A genus of scombroid fishes, con- 
taining the Spanish mackerel, S. maculatiis, and 
related species. They are fishes of the high seas, grace- 
ful in form, beautiful in color, and among the best for the 
Spanish Mackerel (Scontbfromorus maculatus). 
table. A technical difference from Scomber is the length 
of the spinous dorsal fin, which has more than twelve spines 
and is contiguous to the second dorsal, the presence of a 
caudal keel, the strength of the jaw-teeth, and the weak- 
ness of those on the vomerine and palatine bones. This 
genus used to be called Cybium; its type is the ccro, S. 
retjalis, which attains a weight of 20 pounds. S. caballa 
sometimes weighs 100 pounds. All the foregoing inhabit 
the Atlantic, S. concolar the Pacific. 
Scombresocidse (skom-bre-sos'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL.] Same as Scomberesocidse. 
Scombresox (skom'bre-soks), . [NL.] Same 
as Scomberesox. 
SCOmblid (skom'brid), n. and a. I. n. A fish 
of the family Scombridse; any mackerel, or one 
of several related fishes. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to the Scombridse; re- 
sembling or related to the mackerel ; scombroid ; 
scombrine. 
Scombridae (skom'bri-de), n. pi. [NL., < Scom- 
ber 2 + -idee.] A family of carnivorous physo- 
clistous acanthopterygian fishes, typified by the 
