scrofula 
the swollen appearance of the glands, prop. pi. 
of "scrofula, a little sow, dim. of scrofa, a sow, 
so called with ref. to the rooting habit of swine. 
lit. a ' digger' ; <)'. srrohix, a ditch, from the same 
root as scribere, write, orig. scratch : see scrolie, 
screwl, etc.] A constitutional disorder, espe- 
cially in the young, expressing itself in lym- 
phadenitis, especially glandular swellings in the 
neck, with a tendency to cheesy degeneration, 
inflammations of various joints, mucous mem- 
branes, and other structures, together with 
other less distinct indications of feeble health. 
The inflammations have been shown to be in most cases 
tubercular, and due to bacillary invasion. Also called 
struma and king's evil. See JI . 
scrofulest, it.pl. [Also erroneously acrophvlet ; 
< F. scrofules, < L. scrofula, scrofulous swell- 
ings: see scrofula.] Scrofulous swellings. 
A cataplasme of the leaves and hogs grease incorporat 
togither doth resolve the scrophules or swelling kernels 
called the king's evill. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxii. 14. 
scrofulide (skrof'u-lid), . [< F. scrofulide.] 
Any affection of tie skin regarded as of scrof- 
ulous origin. 
SCrofulitic (skrof-u-lit'ik), a. [< scrofula + -/'/<'-' 
+ -ic.] Scrofulous. 
scrofuloderm (skrof'u-lo-derm), n. [< scrofula 
+ derm.] A skin-lesion regarded as of scrof- 
ulous origin. 
scrofulous (skrof'u-lus), a. [< F. scrofuletuc, 
earlier scrophuleux = Sp. Pg. escrofuloxo = It. 
scrofoloso,<NL.*$crofulosus,< L. scrofula : see 
scrofula.] 1. Pertaining to scrofula, or partak- 
ing of its nature; having a tendency to scrof- 
ula: as, scrofulous tumors ; a scrofulous habit of 
body. 2. Diseased or affected with scrofula. 
Scrofulous persons can never be duly nourished. 
Afl'uthn'it, Aliments. 
Scrofulous abscess, suppurative lymphadenitis of chil- 
dren, especially in the neck. Scrofulous bubo, a scrofu- 
lous lymphadenitis Scrofulous ceratitis, a form of 
parenchymatous inflammation of the cornea seen in scrof- 
ulous subjects. 
scrofulously (skrof'u-lus-li), adr. In a scrofu- 
lous manner ; with scrofula. 
scrot'ulousness (skrof 'u-lus-nes), M. Scrofulous 
character or condition. 
scrog (skrog), . [Also assibilated sltrog; < ME. 
scrog, skrotjge, shrogge; a var. of scragl. Cf. 
Gael, sgrogag, stunted timber or undergrowth, 
sgreag, shrivel, sgreagacit, dry, parched, rocky, 
etc.; Ir. screag, a rock.] 1. A stunted bush; 
also, a tract of stunted bushes, thorns, briers, 
etc. ; a thicket ; underwood. 
I cam in by yon greenwud, 
And doun aniang the scrogs. 
Johnie of Cockletmuir (Child's Ballads, VI. 18). 
At the foot of the moss behind Kirk Yetton (Caer Ket- 
ton, wise men say) there is a scrog of low wood and a pool 
with a dam for washing sheep. R. L. Stevenson, Pastoral. 
2. A small branch of a tree broken off; broken 
boughs and twigs ; brushwood. 
"Scrogie Touchwood, if you please," said the senior; 
" the scroff branch first, for it must become rotten ere it 
become touchwood." Scott, St. Bonan's Well, xxxvi. 
3. In her., a branch of a tree: a blazon some- 
times used by Scottish heralds. 
[Scotch and prov. Eng. in all uses.] 
SCroggy (skrog'i), a. [< ME. scraggy, covered 
with underwood or straggling bushes; < serog 
+ -yi. Cf. scraggy.] 1. Stunted; shriveled. 
2. Abounding with stunted bushes or brush- 
wood. [Scotch or prov. Eng. in both uses.] 
scrolar (skro'liir), a. Pertaining to a scroll. 
Scrolar line, a line lying in a surface, but not in one 
tangent plane. 
scrolet, An obsolete form of scroll. 
scroll (skrol), i. [Early mod. E. also scrawl, 
scrole, scrolie (also sometimes escrall, after 
escrow) ; < ME. 'scrolle, scrawls, scraicle, < OF. 
escrouelle, escroele, a strip, roll (cf. eserouete, 
escrowete, escroete, f., escrouet, m., a roll, scroll), 
dim. of escroue, escroe, a strip, scroll : see scroie, 
of which scroll is thus ult. a dim. form.] 1. A 
roll of parchment or paper, or a writing formed 
into a roll; a list or schedule. 
The heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll. 
Isa. xxxiv. 4. 
Here is the scroll of every man's name. 
Shak., M. N. D., i. 2. 4. 
2. In a restricted sense, a draft or outline 
of what is afterward to be written out in full : 
also used attributively : as, a scroll minute. 3. 
An ornament of a spiral form ; an ornament or 
appendage resembling a partly unrolled sheet 
of paper, (a) In arch., any convolved or spiral orna- 
ment ; specifically, the volute of the Ionic and Corinthian 
capitals. See cuts under linen-scroll and Vitrunan. (6) 
The curved head of instruments of the violin class, in which 
are inserted the pins for tuning the strings, (c) Same as 
scroll head, (d) A flourish appended to a person's signa- 
V 
b 
Hydraulic Scroll. 
ii, case, inclosing center-discharge tutbinc 
water-wheel ; *, openings for inflow of water; 
f, <"'. gates for admitting water to central 
wheel-space d (the wheel is not shown); 
t, e' t gate-shafts; /, shaft by which the 
two gates are operated simultaneously and 
equally from worm -gearing at the top of the 
gate-shafts. 
5426 
ture or sign manual, (e) In law, a spiral or seal-like char- 
acter, usually in ink, permitted in some states to be affixed 
to a signature to serve the purpose of a seal, (f) Any or- 
nament of curved interlacing hues. 
A large plain Silver hilled Sword with Scroirt* and gilt 
in parts, with a broad gutter'd hollow Blade gilt at the 
shoulder. Quoted in Ashton's Social Life in Reign of (jneen 
[Anne, I. 157. 
(<j) In furniture and woodwork, a carved volute or spiral, 
especially such an ornament forming the arm of a sofa, 
rocking-chair, or the like. (A) The ribbon-like label pro- 
ceeding from the mouths of speakers in old tapestries 
and illustrations, (i) In her. , the ribbon-like appendage 
to a crest or es- 
cutcheon on 
which the motto 
is inscribed. Also 
encroll. 
4. In hydraul., 
a spiral or con- 
verging aju- 
tage or water- 
way placed 
around a tur- 
bine or other 
reaction wa- 
ter-wheel to 
equalize the 
rate of flow of 
water at all 
points around 
the circumfer- 
ence, by means 
of the progres- 
sive decrease 
in the capacity 
of the waterway. E. B. Knight. 5. Ingeom., 
a. skew surface, or non-developable ruled sur- 
face. 6. The mantling or lambrequin of a tilt- 
ing-helmet. [Bare.] 7. In anat., a turbinate 
bone ; a scroll-bone. 
Scroll (skrol), c. [< scroll, n.] I. trans. 1. To 
write down in a scroll or roll of parchment or 
paper; commit to writing: inscribe. 2. To 
draft; write in rough outline. See scroll, n., 2. 
I'll scroll the disposition In nae time. 
Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, viiL 
3. To roll up or form into a scroll. 4. To or- 
nament with scrolls or scrollwork. 
II. in trans. To roll or curl up. 
When gum mucilage is used, the addition of a very lit- 
tle glycerine will make it hold better, and diminish its ten- 
dency to separate or scroll. Lea, Photography, p. 428. 
scroll-bone (skrol'bon), n. In anat., a scroll, 
or scrolled bone. The principal scroll-bones 
are the ethmoturbinals, maxilloturbinals, and 
sphenoturbinals. 
scroll-chuck (skrol'chuk), n. A form of lathe- 
chuck in which the dogs are caused to approach 
or recede from the center simultaneously by 
the revolution of a grooved scroll. 
scrolled (skrold), p. a. [< scroll + -ctt*.] 1. 
Consisting of scrolls; decorated over much of 
the surface with scrolls. 2. In anat., turbi- 
nated, as a bone; scroll-like. 
scroll-gear (skrol'ger), H. See scroll-wheel. 
scroll-head (skrol'hed), . An ornamental 
piece at the bow of a vessel, finished off with 
carved work in the form of a volute or scroll 
turned outward. Also called billet-head and 
scroll. 
scroll-lathe (skrol'laTH), n. Alathe especially 
adapted for spiral work, or objects of scroll- 
shaped outline, as piano-legs and balusters. 
scroll-saw (skrol'sa), n. A saw or sawing-ma- 
chine for cuttingthin boards, veneers, orplates 
into ornamental scrollwork, or for preparing 
wood for inlaying. The smallerfoot-power machines 
consist of narrow saw-blades fitted to a spring frame, and 
operated by a treadle. The larger machines include both 
reciprocating saws or jig-saws and band-saws. In all the 
saw passes through a hole in the table, and the material, 
laid on the table, ia pushed against the saw. See cut under 
band-saw. 
scroll-wheel (skrol'hwel), . A cog-wheel in 
the form of a scroll, the effect of 
which is to cause the gearing to 
rotate more slowly when engaged 
with its main parts than when it 
is working in the outer parts. It 
is used in some machines, as harvesters, 
as a means of converting rotary into re- 
ciprocal motion by rapid reversals of the 
motion of the scroll-wheel. 
scrollwork (skrol'werk), n. Or- 
namental work of any kind in 
which scrolls, or lines of scroll- 
like character, are an ek-mcitf. 
The name is commonly given to oniiiim-n- 
tal work cut out in fanciful designs from 
thin boards or plates with a scroll-saw. cre^sine velocity 
Same as to the laer as * 
Scrophularineae 
scroop (skrop), r. i. [Imitative. Cf. /.//'-'. 
irlnMip, roiiji.] To emit a harsh or grating 
sound ; grate ; creak, 
scroop 'skrop), . [< scroop, f.] 1. A harsh 
sound or cry. 
This man could mimic every word and scroop and shout 
that might be supposed proper to such a scene [the pull- 
ing of teeth). Dickens, Household Words, XXX. 139. 
Specifically 2. The crisp, crunching sound 
emitted when a bundle of silk yarn is tightly 
twisted and pressed together. 
SCrophulat, A former erroneous spelling of 
Xl'l'llflllll. , 
Scrophularia (skrof-u-la'ri-ii), . [NL. (Ri- 
vinus, 1690), so called because reputed a rem- 
edy for scrofula, or perhaps on account of the 
knots on the roots resembling scrofula; < L. 
scrofula, scrofula: see scrofula.] A genus of 
gamopetalous plants, type of the order Scropli n- 
lariiicfe, belonging 
to the tribe Chelo- 
neie. It is character- 
lied by flowers with a 
deeply five-cleft ca- 
lyx, a nearly globose 
corolla with four 
short, flat, erect lobes 
and one spreading in 
front, four stamens 
with one-celled an- 
thers, and often a 
scale like staminode 
representing a fifth 
stamen. The fruit Is 
a rigid two-celled sep- 
ticidal capsule, round- 
ish and commonly 
sharp-pointed, con- 
taining very numer- 
ous wrinkled seeds. 
There are about 120 
species, chiefly Old 
World plants of the 
Mediterranean re- 
gion, also extending 
widely through the 
north temperate zone, 
but very sparingly in 
America, where 3 spe- 
cies occur in the west- 
ern United States, one 
of which, S. nodosa, 
figwort, extends to the 
Atlantic and to Canada. They are smooth or bristly herbs, 
sometimes shrubby, and often fetid. They bear leaves 
which are chiefly opposite, and are often covered with 
pellucid dots, and loose cymes of greenish, purplish, or 
yellow flowers disposed in a terminal thyrsus. Ihe spe- 
cies are known as figicort, especially 5. aqvatica of Eng- 
land, also called water-betony, tndlwort, and bishop's leaves, 
and S. nodosa, a widely diffused species of Euiope and 
America, used formerly in medicine in the treatment of 
scrofula, and occasionally still in making ointments for 
ulcers, etc. See browmrort. 
Scrophulariaceae (skrof-u-la-ri-a'se-e), n. pi. 
[NL. (Lindley, 1835), < Scrophularia, + -accee.] 
Same as Seraph ularinese. 
scrophulariaceous (skrof-u-la-ri-a'shius), a. 
Same as scrophulari>ieotis. 
SCTOphularin (skrof'u-ln-rin), . [< Scrophu- 
laria + -I'M!*.] A proximate principle found in 
Scrophularia nodosa. 
Scrophularineae (skrof"u-Ia-rin'e-e),.p/. [NL. 
(Bentham, 1835), < Scrop)iularia'+ -intx.] An 
important order of gamopetalous plants, of the 
cohort Personales in the series Bicarpcltatse, 
distinguished by a completely two-celled ovary 
with its placentas on the middle partition, and 
by numerous seeds with fleshy albumen. The 
)ersistent flve-lobed calyx, a per- 
inflated two-lipped corolla, foui 
The Inflorescence of I'igwort (Scro- 
nodosa). a, the flower i b, the 
seed ; d, a leaf. 
fhular 
fruit ; c. 
flowers have usually a persistent flve-lobed calyx, a 
sonate and irregularly inflated two-lipped corolla, 
didynamous stamens borne on the corolla-tube, often with 
a, scroll-wheel, 
tntenneshingwtth 
the pinion /, 
which, sliding by 
a feather on the 
shaft, c. imparts 
a gradually de- 
Scrooge (skroj), r. t. 
scnnige. 
is moved toward 
the center of a. 
a staminode representing a fifth stamen, and an entire and 
sessile ovary which becomes a capsule opening by lines or 
terminal chinks, or rarely succulent and forming a berry. 
The order includes about 2,000 species, of IWi genera 
and 12 tribes, by many grouped in 3 series the Pseu- 
dosolanejf, with alternate leaves and flatfish flower* 1 , as 
the mullen, transitional to the Solanacese or nightshade 
family ; the typical section, the AntirrMnidep,n& the snap- 
dragon, with opposite lower leaves and the upper lip ex- 
terior in the bud; and the Rhinanthidese, including the 
foxglove and Gerardia, with various leaves and the lower 
lip exterior. The species are mainly herbs a few, as 
Paulownia, becoming trees. Their leaves are entire or 
toothed, seldom lobed, and always without stipules. The 
inflorescence is either perfectly centripetal, commonly 
racemose, or primarily centripetal, the branches however 
bearing centrifugal clusters, either axillary or forming to- 
gether a thyrsus. In some exceptions! genera the corolla 
is spreading and nearly flat (see Veronica, Vcrbascunt, Li- 
mosella); in many others the typical personate form be- 
comes altered to a funnel-shaped or bell-shaped body, or 
to an inflated pouch or sac, often with a conspicuous spur. 
The order is well distributed through all parts of the 
world ; it is most frequent in temperate and montane re- 
gions, but is also found within both arctic and tropical 
climates. About 50 genera are peculiar to America, over 
half of which belong to North America only ; about 23 are 
confined to South Africa, 15 to Asia, and the others are 
mostly more widely diffused ; 38 genera and about 840 spe- 
cies occur in the United States one, Veronica, extending 
within the arctic circle. Most species are acrid and bit- 
