sculpin 
Common Dadily-sculpin (Cttrtits 
whites. In California a marketable cottoid, the bighead 
or cabezon, Scorptenichthys marnwratus, is also called scul. 
pin. 
4. A hemitriptoroid fish, Hemitripterus acadia- 
nus, occurring in deeper water than the true 
seulpins off the northeastern coast of America. 
Also called deep-water sculpt n, i/ellow sculpin, 
and sea-raven. See cut under xca-rarcn. 5. A 
scorpamoid fish, Scorpeena guttuta, of the south- 
ern California!! coast, there called scorpene. 
See cut under Scorpsena. 
SCUlping-knife (skul'ping-mf), n. A kind. of 
knife used for sculping seals. See quotation 
under sculp, v., 2. 
SCUlpsit (skulp'sit). [L., 3d pers. sing. perf. 
ind. of sculpere, carve, grave: see sculp.] He 
(or she) engraved or carved (it): a word fre- 
quently put at the foot of an engraving or the 
base of a piece of sculpture after the engrav- 
er's or sculptor's name: as, A. B. sculpsit. It 
is often abbreviated to se., and sometimes to 
sculps., and corresponds to pinxit (pxt.) on 
paintings. 
SCUlptile (skulp'til), a. [< L. sctilptilif:, formed 
by carving or graving, etc. : see sculp.] Gra- 
ven; carved. 
The same description we find in a silver medal; that 
is, upon one side Moses horned, and on the reverse the 
commandment against scufptile images. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. En-., v. 9. 
sculptor (skulp'tor), . [= F. sculpteur = Sp. 
escullor = Pg. esculptor = It. scultore, scolpitore, 
< L. sculptor, a sculptor, < sculpere, cut out, 
carve in stone : see sculp.] One who practises 
the art of sculpture, which includes modeling 
in clay or wax, casting or striking in bronze 
or other metal, and carving figures in stone. 
"The sculptors," says Maximus Tyrius, in his 7th dis- 
sertation, "... chose out of many bodies those parts 
which appeared to them the most beautiful, and out of 
that diversity made but one statue." 
Dryden, Observations on Du Fresnoy's Art of Painting, 
[p. 39. 
sculptress (sknlp'tres), n. [< sculptor + -ess.] 
A female sculptor. 
Perhaps you know the sculptress, Ney ; if not, you have 
lost a great deal. 
Zimmern, Arthur Schopenhauer, p. 242. (Dames.) 
sculptural (skulp'tu-ral), a. [< sculpture + 
-at.] 1. Pertaining to sculpture. 
Some fine forms there were here and there; models 
of a peculiar style of beauty ; a style, I think, never seen 
in England ; a solid, firm-set, sculptural style. 
Charlotte Bronte, Villette, xx. 
2. Pertaining to engraving. 3. In :ool., per- 
taining to the ornaments of a sculptured sur- 
face: as, sculptural marks or lines. 
sculpturally (skulp'tu-ral-i), adv. By means of 
sculpture. 
The quaint beauty and character of many natural ob- 
jects, such as intricate branches, grass, &c. , as well as 
that of many animals plumed, spined, or bristled, is 
sculpturally expressible. Ruskin. 
sculpture (skulp'tur), . [< ME. sculpture, < 
OF. scoulpture, F." sculpture = Pr. sculptura = 
Sp. escultura Pg. escultura, esculptura = It. 
scultura, scoltura =r G. Sw. Dan. skulptur, < L. 
sculptura, sculpture, < sculpere, pp. sculptvs, cut 
out, carve in stone: see sculp.] 1. The act 
or art of graving or carving ; the art of shap- 
ing figures or other objects in the round or in 
relief out of or upon stone or other more or less 
hard substances. Besides the cutting of forms In 
marble, stone, wood, etc., the ancient chryselephantine 
work, etc., it includes modeling in clay, wax, etc., and 
casting in bronze or any other metal. Sculpture includes 
also the designing of coins and medals, and glyptics, or the 
art of gem-engraving. See cut in next column, and cuts 
under Assyrian, Chaldean, Efii/iitian, Greek, I'assitelean, 
Peloponnesian, Phidian, and Ithodian. 
As the materials used for writing in the first rude ages 
were only wood or stone, the convenience of sculpture re- 
quired that the strokes should run chiefly in straight lines. 
Five Pieces of Ituitic Poetry (1783), Pref. 
5431 
diminished proportion in the third dimension of depth or 
thickness. Encyc. Brit., IX. 200. 
2. Carved work; any work of sculpture, as a 
figure or an inscription cut in wood, stone, 
metal, or other solid substance. 
Nor did there want 
Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven ; 
The roof was fretted gold. Milton, P. L., i. 716. 
On another side of the stone is a very extraordinary 
sculpture, which has been painted, and from which I con- 
cluded that it was a temple dedicated to the sun. 
Pococke, Description of the East, I. 77. 
Some sweet sculpture draped from head to foot. 
Tennyson, Princess, v. 
3f. An engraving; an illustration. 
The Publishers thought a Piece so well writ ought not 
to appear abroad without the usual and proper ornament 
of Writings of this kind, variety of Sculptures. 
Maumlrell, Aleppo to Jerusalem, Pref. 
Settle had not only been prosperous on the stage, but, 
in the confidence of success, had published his play with 
sculptures, and a Preface of defiance. 
Pref. to Notes on the Express of .Morocco (Dryden's Works, 
[ed. Malone, II. 272). 
4. In zoo'l., markings resulting from irregu- 
larity of surface or difference in texture of a 
part; tracery: as, the sculpture of an insect's 
wing-covers; the sculpture, of the plates or 
shields of a fish; the sculpture of a turtle's shell. 
The term specially indicates in entomology the arrange- 
ment or disposition of such markings, as by furrows, striae, 
tubercles, punctures, etc., or the pattern of the resulting 
ornamentation ; it is much used in describing beetles, and 
all the leading forms of sculpture have technical descrip- 
tive names. Also sculpturing. 
The coarse part of the sculpture [of a fossil] is also simi- 
lar. Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., XXIX. 465. 
There is an evident tendency to divide species [of bee- 
tles] upon small details of sculpture, fortunately checked, 
as the author admits, where the specimens are numerous. 
Science, IV. 662. 
^Eginetan sculptures. See jEginetan. Ccelanagly ph- 
ic sculpture. Same as cavo-rUieuo. Foliate sculpture, 
sculptured foliage ; especially, decorative sculpture con- 
Sculpture, ... a shaping art, of which the business is 
to imitate natural objects, and principally the human 
body, by reproducing in solid form either their true pro- 
portions in all dimensions, or else their true proportions 
in the two dimensions of length and breadth only, with a 
Foliate Sculpture, r3th century. From Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris. 
ventionalized more or less from foliage, or based on the 
fundamental forms or habit of vegetation. Greek, Re- 
naissance, etc., sculpture. See the qualifying words. 
Rhodian school of sculpture. See Jthodian. 
sculpture (skulp'tur), t'. t.; pret. and pp. sculp- 
tured, ppr. sculpturing. [< sculpture, .] 1. 
To represent in sculpture ; carve ; grave ; form 
with the chisel or other tool on or in wood, 
stone, or metal. 
On the base (of the Herakles] is sculptured a composition 
in very low relief, representing the capture of the cattle 
of Geryon. C. T. Neu'ton, Art and Archseol., p. 308. 
Fair with sculptured stories it was wrought, 
By lapse of time unto dim ruin brought. 
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 325. 
2. To ornament or cover with sculpture or 
carved work ; carve. 
Gold, silver, Ivory vases sculptured high. 
Pope, Imit. of Horace, II. ii. 264. 
sculptured (skulp'turd), a. [< sculpture + 
-ed*,] In zodl. and hot., having elevated or im- 
pressed marks on the surface: as, sculptured 
elytra; sculptured seeds; a sculptured carapace. 
Sculptured tortoise, a common land-tortoise of the 
United States, Glyptemys insculpta. 
sculpturesque (skulp-tu-resk'), a. [< sculpture 
+ -esque.] Possessing the character of sculp- 
ture ; resembling sculpture; chiseled; hence, 
clean-cut and well-proportioned; statue-like; 
grand rather than beautiful or pretty : as, sculp- 
turesque features. 
An impressive woman, . . . her figure was slim and 
sufficiently tall, her face rather emaciated, so that its 
sculpturesque beauty was the more pronounced. 
George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, xiii. 
sculpturing (skulp'tur-ing), n. [Verbal n. of 
sculpture, v,] In :ool., same as sculpture, 4. 
scumber 
These imperforate portions are harder than the porous 
shell, and uftcn project as rul^es or tubercles, forming a 
more or less regular /sculpturing of the surface. 
Encijc. Brit., IX. 381. 
sculsb. (skulsh), ii. [Origin obscure.] Rub- 
bish; discarded stuff of all kinds: most gener- 
ally used in England with reference to the un- 
wholesome things children delight to eat, as 
lollypops, etc. [Prov. Eng. and New Eng.] 
Scultelus's bandage. Pieces of bandage which 
are long enough to go one and a half times 
around the limb, and are applied successively 
in shingle fashion. 
SCUlyont, . A Middle English form of scullion. 
scum (skum), n. [Formerly also skum ; < ME. 
scum, scorn, < AS. "scum (not found, the ordi- 
nary word being film, foam) = D. schttim = 
MLG.se/iuw, scliumc, LG. sclium = OHG. scum, 
MHG. schum, G. scnaum = Icel. skum (Haldor- 
sen) = Sw. Dan. skum (of. OF. escume, F. e^cume 
= Pr. Pg. csruma = It. schiuina (< LG. or G.), 
Ir. sgum (< E.) ), foam, froth, scum ; perhaps lit. 
a ' covering.' with formative -m, < ^/ sku, cover: 
see sky. Hence skim.] 1. Foam; froth: as, the 
scum of the sea. 
The brystelede boor marked with scomes the shuldres 
of Hercules. Chaucer, Boethius, iv. meter 7. 
Those small white Fish to Venus consecrated, 
Though without Venus ayd they be created 
Of th' Ocean scum. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 5. 
2. The impurities or extraneous substances 
which rise to the surface of liquids, as in boil- 
ing or fermentation, or which form by other 
means; also, the scoria of molt en metals; hence, 
by extension, any film or surface of foul floating 
matter: as, the scum of a stagnant pond. 
When God kindles such fires as these, hee doth not usu- 
ally quench them till the very scum on the pot sides be 
boyled cleane away. N. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 14. 
3. Refuse; dross; offscourings. 
Did anything more aggravate the crime of Jeroboam's 
profane apostasy than that he chose to have his clergy the 
scum and refuse of his whole land ? 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, v. 81. 
A a-inii of Bretons, and base lackey peasants. 
Shak., Rich. Ill , v. 3. 317. 
Such rascals, 
Who are the scum and excrements of men ! 
B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1. 
We are most miserably dejected, the scum of the world. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 362. 
SCUm (skum), v.; pret. and pp. scummed, ppr. 
scumming. [Early mod. E. also skum, scorn; < 
ME. scummen, skommeu, scomen = D. scliuimen = 
MLG. scliumen = OHG. seamen, MHG. schumen, 
G. schaiimen = Sw. skumma = Dan. skumine, 
scum, skim ; from the noun. Doublet of skim .] 
1. trans. 1 . To remove the scum from ; clear off 
the froth, dross, or impurities that have risen 
to or formed on the surface of; skim. 
Oon boileth water salt and skommeth [it] dene, 
Theriuto colde his peres wol he trie. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 90. 
Some scumd the drosse that from the metall came. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vii. 36. 
A second multitude 
With wondrous art founded the massy ore, 
Severing each kind, and scumm'd the bullion dross. 
Milton, P. L.,i. 704. 
2f. To sweep over; move swiftly upon; skim. 
They liv'd by scumming those Seas and shoars as Pyrats. 
Milton, Hist Eng.,iL 
II. in trans. If. To arise or be formed on the 
surface as foam or scum ; be thrown up as scum. 
Oolde and siluer was no more spared then thoughe it 
had rayned out of the clowdes, or scorned out of the sea. 
Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., II. xlix. 
2. To be or become covered with scum : gener- 
ally with over. 
Life and the interest of life have stagnated and scummed 
over. A.K.H. Boyd. 
3f. To skim lightly: with ovtr. 
Thou hast skumed over the schoole men, and of the froth 
of theyr folly made a dish of diuinitie brewesse which the 
dogges will not eate. Nashe, Pierce Penilesse, p. 46. 
SCUmber (skum'ber), c. i. [Also scomber, scum- 
mer; perhaps < OF. escitmbrier, disencumber; cf . 
exonerate in similar use.] To defecate; dung: 
a hunting term applied especially to foxes. 
[Prov. Eng.] 
And for a monument to after-commers 
Their picture shall continue (though Time scummers 
Vpon th' Efflgie). 
Dames, Commendatory Verses, p. 13. (navies.) 
Just such a one [an airing] as you use to n brace of grey- 
hounds, 
When they are led out of their kennels to scumber. 
llassinger, The Picture, v. 1. 
