secularism 
ignoring or exclusion of religious duties, in- 
struction, or considerations. See secularist, 
Secularism is the study of promoting human welfare by 
material means, measuring human welfare by the utilita- 
rian rules, and milking the service of others a duty of life. 
Seadarism relates to the present existence of man, and 
to action. It. ./. llintoti, Eng. Rad. Leaders, p. 317. 
In secularism the feeling and imagination, which in the 
religious world are bound to theological belief, have to 
attach themselves to a positive natural philosophy. 
E. B. Ttilitr, Prim. Culture, II. 407. 
secularist (sek'u-lar-ist), n. and a. [< secular 
+ -ist.] I. n. Oiie who theoretically rejects or 
ignores all forms of religious faith and wor- 
ship established on the authority of revelation, 
and accepts only the facts and influences which 
5459 
= F. seconder), direct favorably, favor, further, 
< fsecuiidHS, following: see second^-."} To make 
prosperous; promote the success of ; direct fa- 
vorably. Kaileu, 1731. [Bare.] 
secundate (se-kim'dat), . [< NL. Secundates.'] 
A member of the Secundates. 
Secundates (sek-un-da'tez), n. pi. [NL. (form- 
ed on the type of Primates), < L. eeoundus, sec- 
ond: see second 1 .'] A term applied by De 
Blainville to the Ferse of Linnaeus (as a correl- 
ative of the Linnean term Primates), it is equiv- 
alent to the Carnmsui or Carnaria of Cuvier, and there- 
fore to the modern Carnivora or Fertr, proper (with the 
1 iixectimmi). The Secundates were divided by Blyth (1849) 
into Cyiwdia and Ecanina( = Ferse and Insectivora); but 
none of these terms are now in use, though the divisions 
they indicate are retained. 
tains that public education and other matters 
of civil policy should be conducted without the 
introduction of a religious element. 
What is the root-notion common to Secularists and De- 
nominationalists, but the notion that spread of knowledge 
is the one thing needful for bettering behaviour? 
//. Spencer, Sociology, p. 361. 
II. a. Holding the principles of secularism. 
There is a section of the London working classes which 
is secularist or agnostic. Contemporary Rev., LI. 689. 
secularity (sek-u-lar'i-ti), n. [< F. seeularite = 
Sp. secularidad '= Pg. secularidade = It. seco- 
laritd, < ML. ,?secttlarita(t-)s, secularness, < L. 
sfecularis, secular: see secular."} Exclusive or 
paramount attention to the things of the pres- 
ent life ; worldliness ; secularism. 
Littleness and secularity of spirit is the greatest enemy 
to contemplation. T. Burnet, Theory of the Earth. 
The practical question of the present day is how to de- 
fend the very principle of religion against naked secularity. 
J. n. Seeley, Nat. Religion, p. 111. 
secularization (sek^u-lar-i-za'shon), n. [< F. 
secularisation = Sp. secularization = Pg. secti- 
larisafSo = It. secolarizzazione ; &s secularize -t- 
-ation,] The act of rendering secular, or the 
state of being secularized, (a) Conversion to secu- 
seclmde i ic j, t a , tv 
. 
Saile, 1731. [Bare.] 
A Middle English form of 
zation of church property, especially called alienation 
(see alienation (6)); the secularization of the Sabbath; 
on the Continent, especially in the former German em- 
pire, the transfer of territory from ecclesiastical to tem- 
poral rulers: as, the secularization of the bishopric of 
Halberstadt in the Peace of Westphalia, (c) Absolution 
or release from the vows or rules of a monastic order ; 
change from the status of regular to that of secular : as, 
the secularization of a monk, (d) The exclusion of religion 
and ecclesiasticism from civil or purely secular affairs ; the 
exclusion from the affairs of this life of considerations re- 
garding the life to come ; the divorce of civil and sacred 
ducation or 
Also spelled secularisation. 
secularize (sek'u-lar-iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
secularized, ppr. secularizing. [= F. seculariser 
= Sp. Pg. secularizar = It. secolarizzarc ; as 
secular + -ize,~) 1. To make secular, (a) To 
change or transfer from regular or monastic into secular : 
as, to secularize a monk or priest. (6) To change or de- 
grade from religious or ecclesiastical appropriation to 
secular or common use : as, the ancient abbeys were secu- 
larized; especially, to transfer, as territory, from eccle- 
siastical to temporal rulers. 
The celebrated proposal of the " Unlearned Parliament " 
of Henry IV., to secularise all Church property, was kept in 
mind by its successor. 
R. W. Dvxon, Hist. Church of Eng., i., note. 
2. To make worldly or unspiritual; divest of 
religious observances or influences : as, to secu- 
larize the Sabbath; to secularize the press; 
to secularize education. 3. To convert to or 
imbue with secularism : as, to secularize the 
masses. 
A secularized hierarchy, ... to whom the theocracy 
was only a name, and whose whole interests were those 
of their own selfish politics. Encyc. Brit., XVI. 55. 
Also spelled secularise. 
secularly (sek'u-liir-li), adv. In a secular or 
worldly manner, 
secularness (sek'u-lar-nes), H. Secular quality, 
character, or disposition ; worldliness ; worldly- 
mindedness. .Johnson. 
secund (se'kund), a. [< L. secundus, following: 
see seeonfl 1 ."} It. An obsolete form of second 1 . 
2. In bot. and zool., arranged on one side 
only ; unif arious ; unilateral, as the flowers of 
the lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis), the 
false wintergreen (I'i/rola secunda), etc.: as, 
secund processes of the antennae, 
secnndariet, a. An obsolete form of secondary. 
secundarius (sek-un-da'ri-us), n. ; pi. secun- 
darii (-1). [ML. : see secondary. ] A lay vicar. 
See Ini/'L. 
secundate (se-kun'dat), c. t. ; pret. and pp. 
secundated, ppr. secundating. [< L. secundatus, 
pp. of secundare (> It. secondare = Sp. seruiidar 
Secundian (se-kun'di-an), H. [< Secundus (see 
def.) + -ian.~\ A member of a dualistic gnos- 
tic sect of the second century, followers of 
Secundus, a disciple of Valentinus. See Valen- 
tiiiian. 
secundine (sek'un-din), n. [Formerly secon- 
dine ; < F. seconding = It. secondina, < LL. secun- 
dinse, afterbirth, < L. secundus, following: see 
second 1 .] 1. The afterbirth ; what remains in 
the womb to be extruded after the birth of the 
fetus, being the fetal envelops, placenta, and 
part of the navel-string: generally used in the 
plural. 
The secundine that once the infant cloth'd, 
After the birth, is cast away and loath'd. 
Baxter, Self-Denial, Dialogue. 
2. In bot., the second (or inner) coat or integu- 
ment of an ovule, lying within the primine. It 
is really the first coat of the ovule to be formed, and by 
some authors is (advisedly) called the primine. See pri- 
secundipara (sek-un-dip'a-ra), H. [L., (secun- 
dus, second, + parere, bring forth, bear.] A 
woman who is parturient for the second time. 
secundly (se'kund-li), adv. In bot., arranged 
in a secund manner: as, a secundly branched 
seaweed. 
secundogeniture (se-kun-do-jen'i-tur), . [< 
L. secundus, following (see second 1 )~, + genitura, 
generation: see geniture. Cf. primogeniture."] 
The right of inheritance pertaining to a second 
son; also, the possessions so inherited. 
The kingdom of Naples . . . was constituted a secundo- 
geniture of Spain. Bancroft. 
secundo-primary (se-kun-do-pri'ma-ri), a. In- 
termediate between primary and secondary. 
Secundo-primary quality. See quality. 
secundum (se-kun'dum). [L., orig. neut. of sc- 
cundiis, following: seesecojffJ 1 .] ALatinprepo- 
English books. Secundum artem, according to art 
or rule, (a) Artificially ; not naturally, (b) Artistically ; 
skilfully ; scientifically ; professionally : used especially as 
a direction to an apothecary for compounding a prescrip- 
tion. Secundum naturam, naturally ; not artificially. 
Secundum quid, in some respect only. Secundum 
veritatem, universally valid. A refutation secundum veri- 
tatem, contradistinguished from a refutation ad hominem, 
isone drawn from true principles, and not merely one which 
satisfies a given individual. 
securable (se-kur'a-bl), a. [< secure + -able."] 
Capable of being secured. Imp. Diet. 
securance (se-kur'ans), n. [< secure + -mice. 
Cf. surance.] ' Assurance; confirmation. 
After this, when, for the securance of Thy Resurrection, 
upon which all our faith justly dependeth, Thou hadst 
spent forty days upon earth, I find Thee upon Mount 
Olivet. Bp. Hall, Mystery of Godliness, % 10. 
secure (se-kur'), . [= F. aur, OF. seiir (> E. 
sure) =P'r. segur = Sp. Pg. seguro = It. sicuro, 
secure, sure, < L. securus, of persons, free from 
care, quiet, easy ; in a bad sense, careless, reck- 
less; of things, tranquil, also free from danger, 
safe, secure ; < se-. without, + euro, care : see 
cure. Older E. words from the same L. adj. 
are sicker (through AS.) and sure (through OF.), 
which are thus doublets of secure,'} 1. Free 
from care or fear; careless; dreading no evil; 
unsuspecting; hence, over-confident. 
But we be secure and uncareful, as though false prophets 
could not meddle with us. 
Latimer, Remains (ed. 1845), p. 365. 
But thou, secure of soul, unbent with woes. Dryden. 
Hezekiah, king of Jerusalem, caused it to be taken away, 
because it made the people secure, to neglect their duty in 
calling and relying upon God. Burton, Anat. of Mel. 
2. Free from apprehension or doubt; assured: 
certain ; confident ; sure : with of or an infini- 
tive. 
securely 
To whom the Cretan thus his speech addrest : 
Secure nf me, (I king ! exhort the rest. 
Pope, Iliad, iv. 303. 
Under thy friendly conduct will I fly 
To regions unexplored, secure to share 
Thy state. Dryden, sig. and (iuis., 1. 678. 
3. Free from danger ; unexposed to danger ; 
safe: frequently with against or from, and for- 
merly of: as, secure ugainst the attacks of the 
enemy. 
ftecm-e of thunder's crack or lightning flash. 
Shak., Tit. And., ii. 1. 3. 
For me, secure from fortune's blows, 
Secure of what I cannot lose, 
In my small pinnace I can sail. 
Dryden, tr. of Horace's Odes, i. 29. 
It was thought the roads would be more secure about 
the time when the great caravan was passing. 
Pococke, Description of the East, II. i. 5. 
4. In safe custody or keeping. 
In iron walls they deem'd me not secure. 
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., i. 4. 40. 
I suppose your own prudence will enforce the necessity 
of dissembling, at least till your son has the young lady's 
fortune secure. Goldsmith, Vicar, ii. 
5. Of such firmness, stability, or strength as to 
insure safety, or preclude risk of failure or ac- 
cident; stanch, firm, or stable, and fit for the 
purpose intended: as, to make a bridge secure; 
a secure foundation. = Syn. 3. See safe. 
secure (se-kur'), r. /. ; pret. and pp. secured, 
ppr. securing. [= Sp. Pg. segurar = It. sicu- 
rare; from the adj. Cf . sure, r.] If. To make 
easy or careless; free from care, anxiety, or 
fear. 
Why dost thou weep ? Canst thou the conscience lack 
To think I shall lack friends? Secure thy heart. 
Shak., T. of A., ii. 2. 185. 
2. To make safe or secure; guard from dan- 
ger; protect: as, a city secured by fortifications. 
If this come to the governor's ears, we will persuade him, 
and secure you. Mat. xxviii. 14. 
We'll higher to the mountains ; there secure us. 
Shak., Cymbeline, iv. 4. 8. 
For Woods before, and Hills behind, 
Secur'd it both from Rain and Wind. 
Prior, The Ladle. 
You and your Party fall in to secure my Rear. 
Steele, Grief A-la-Mode, T. 1. 
3. To make certain ; assure; guarantee: some- 
times with of: as. we were secured of his pro- 
tection. 
He secures himself of a powerful advocate. 
W. Broome, Notes to Pope's Odyssey. 
How are we to secure to labor its due honor ? 
Gladstone, Might of Right, p. 273. 
4. To make sure of payment, as by a bond, 
surety, etc. ; warrant or guarantee against loss : 
as, to secure a debt by mortgage ; to secure a 
creditor. 5. To make fast or firm: as, to se- 
cure a window ; to secure the hatches of a ship. 
6. To seize and confine; place in safe cus- 
tody or keeping: as, to secure a prisoner. 7. 
In surg., to seize and occlude by ligature or 
Otherwise, as a vein or an artery, to prevent 
loss of blood during or as a consequence of an 
operation. 8. To get hold or possession of; 
make one's self master of ; obtain; gain: as, to 
secure an estate for a small sum ; to secure the 
attention of an audience; to secure a hearing 
at court. 
They adapted their tunes exactly to the nature of each 
person, in order to captivate and secure him. 
Bacon, Moral Fables, vi. 
The beauteous Lady Tragabigzanda, when I was a slane 
to the Turkes, did all she could to secure me. 
Capt. John Smith, Works, I. 58. 
There was nothing she would not do to secure her end. 
Mrs. Oliphant, Poor Gentleman, xxi. 
9t. To plight; pledge; assure Secure piece, a 
command in artillery directing that the piece be moved in 
battery, the muzzle depressed, the tompion inserted in the 
muzzle, and the vent-cover placed on the vent. To se- 
cure arms, to hold a rifle or musket with the muzzle 
down, and the lock well up under the arm, the object be- 
ing to guard the weapon from the wet. 
SCCUrefult (se-kur'ful), a. [Irreg. < secure + 
-/?.] Protecting. 
I well know the ready right-hand charge, 
I know the left, and every sway of my sectireful targe. 
Chapman, Iliad, vii. 209. 
securely (se-kur'li), adr. In a secure manner. 
(a) Without care or thought of evil or danger ; with con- 
fidence; confidently. 
Devise not evil against thy neighbour, seeing he dwell- 
eth securely by thee. Prov. iii. 29. 
We see the wind sit sore upon our sails, 
And yet we strike not, but securely perish. 
Shak., Rich. II., ii. 1. 266. 
(b) Without risk or danger; in security ; safely : as, to lie 
securely hidden. 
