send 
So great physicians cannot all attend, 
But some they visit, and to some they lend. 
Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 336. 
The Cashif sent to me to come to him, and I presented 
him with the liquor I brought for him, and sat with him 
for some time. Pococke, Description of the East, I. 56. 
2. Naut., to pitch or plunge precipitately into 
the trough of the sea. [In this nautical use partly 
differentiated, with former variantand, and with preterit 
tended.} 
She sands or sends, when the ship's head or stern falls 
deep in the trough of the sea. 
J. H. Moore, Practical Navigator (13th ed., 1798), p. 286. 
She tended forth heavily and sickly on the long swell. 
She never rose to the opposite heave of the sea again. 
M. Scott, Tom Cringle's Log, ii. 
To send for. to request or require by message to come 
or be brought: as, to send for a physician ; to send for a 
coach. 
Let not my lord be amused. For to this end 
Was I by Ctesar sent fur to the isle. 
B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 6. 
I was civilly received in a good private house, and sent 
out /or every thing I wanted, there being no inn. 
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 201. 
Next day the Queen tried the plan which the Whigs 
had for some time cherished, and gent for Lord L . 
Quarterly Ret., CXXVIL 537. 
send (send), n. [< ME. send, a variant, eon- 
formed to the verb, of sand, sond : see sonrf 2 . 
In mod. use directly <send, .] If. That which 
is or has been sent; a missive or message. 
2. A messenger; specifically, in some parts of 
Scotland, one of the messengers sent for the 
bride at a wedding. 
It 's nae time for brides to lye in bed 
When the bridegroom's send 's in town. 
There are fonr-and-twenty noble lords 
A' lighted on the green. 
Sweet Willie and Fair Maisry (Child's Ballads, II. 334). 
He and Kob set off in the character of "Seu'i" to Sarnie 
Pikshule's, duly to inquire if there was a bride there. 
W. Alexander, Johnny Oibb of Gushetneuk, xxxix. 
3f. That which is given, bestowed, or awarded ; 
a gift ; a present. 
Thurgh giftes of our goddys, that vs grace leuys, 
We most suffer all hor senndes, & soberly take. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3330. 
Ye're bidden send your love a send, 
For he has sent you twa. 
The Jolly Goshawk (Child's Ballads, III. 286). 
4. The impulse of a wave or waves by which a 
ship is carried bodily. 
The May Flower sailed from the harbor, . . . 
Borne on the send of the sea. 
Longfellow, Miles Standish, v. 
5. Same as scend. 
sendablet, . [ME. sendabylle; < send + -able.] 
That may be sent. Cath. Aug., p. 329. 
sendal (sen'dal), H. [Early mod. E. scndall, 
sendell, cendaf, cendell, itynaale, sometimes san- 
dal ; < ME. sends!, sendal, sendale, sendalle, sen- 
dell, cendel, < OF. sandal, cendal = Sp. Pg. cen- 
dal = It. zendalo, sendado, " a kind of fine thin 
silken stuffe, called taffeta, sarcenett, or sen- 
dall" (Florio) (> Turk, sandal, brocade), < ML. 
"sendalutn, cendalutn, sendal, also cindadus, cin- 
datas, cindatum, sendatum, etc., equiv. to Gr. 
aivSuv, fine linen: see sindon.] A silken ma- 
terial used in the fourteenth and fifteenth cen- 
turies for rich dresses, flags, pennons, etc. ; also, 
a piece of this material. It was apparently of two 
kinds : the first a thin silk, like sarsenet, used for linings, 
flags, etc. ; the other much heavier and used for cere- 
monial vestments and the like. 
loseph Ab Arimathia asked of Pylate the bodye of our 
Lorde and leyde it in a clene Sendell, and put it in a Se- 
pulcre that no man had ben buryed in. 
Joseph of Arimathie (E. E. T. S.), p. 33. 
In sangwin and in pers he clad was al, 
Lined with taRata and with sendal. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to 0. T., 1. 440. 
Sendale . . . was a thynne stuffe lyke sarcenett, . 
but coarser and narrower than the sarcenett now ys, as 
myselfe can remember. 
Thynne, Anim. on Speght's Chaucer (1598> (Fairholt.) 
Thy smock of silk both fine and white, 
With gold embroider'd gorgeously 
Thy petticoat of sendall right, 
And this I bought thee gladly. 
Greensleeoes (Ellis's Specimens, III. 328). (Narei.) 
Sails of stlk and ropes of sendal, 
Such as gleam in ancient lore. 
Longfellow, Secret of the Sea- 
Bender (sen'der), n. [< ME. sendere; < send + 
-er 1 .] 1. One who sends. 
Exe. This was a merry message. 
K. Hen. We hope to make the Bender blush at it 
Shak., Hen. V., i. 2. 299. 
2. In telegraphy and telephony, the instrument 
by means of which a message is transmitted, as 
distinguished from the receiver at the other end 
of the line; also, the person transmitting. See 
curb-sender. 
5490 
sending (sen'ding), H. [< ME. sendijnge (= 
MHG. G. sendunge, G. sendung) ; verbal n. of 
xi'iut, i-.] 1 . The act of causing to go forward ; 
despatching. 2. A'aitt.. pitching bodily into 
the trough of the sea, as a ship. 
send-off (send'of), n. A start, as on a journey 
or career of any kind, or a demonstration of 
good-will on the occasion of such a departure ; 
a speeding: as, Ms friends gave him a hearty 
send-off; an enthusiastic send-off to an actor. 
[Colloq.] 
sendonyt, . Same as sindoti. 
sene't. A Middle English form of seen. 
sene'-'t, . A Middle English form of seene. 
sene :< t, . A Middle English form of sign. 
sene 4 t, . An obsolete form of senna. 
Senebiera (sen-e-be'ra), n. [NL. (Poiret, 1806), 
named after Jean Sen'ebier (1742-1809), a Swiss 
naturalist.] A genus of cruciferous plants, of 
the tribe Lepidinese. It Is distinguished by the fruit, 
a didymous pod of which the rugose and nearly spherical 
valves separate at maturity into two one-seeded nutlets. 
There are 6 species, widely diffused through warm and 
temperate regions of both hemispheres. They are an- 
nual or biennial herbs, nearly prostrate and very much 
branched, bearing alternate entire or dissected leaves, 
and minute white or rarely purple flowers in short racemes 
opposite the leaves. S. Kilotica of Egypt has been used 
as a salad, as has S. Coronopus, the wart-cress of England, 
also known as shrine-cress, herb-ivy, and buck's-htrrn. S. 
didyma, the lesser wart-cress, a weed often covering waste 
ground in western England, is occasionally found natural- 
ized in parts of the Atlantic States. 
Seneca (sen'e-ka), . [Amer. Ind.] 1. A mem- 
ber of an Indian tribe which formed part of the 
former Iroquois confederacy of the Five Na- 
tions. 2. [I. P.] Same as senega. 
seneca-grass (sen'e-ka-gras), n. See Hie- 
rocliloe. 
Seneca-Oil (sen'e-ka-oil), n. [Also (formerly f ) 
Hi'itrga-, Se>teka-o\\, etc. ; < Seneca, name of a 
tribe of the Five Nations (Latinized as Senega), 
+ oil.'] Petroleum in a crude state: so called 
from its having been first collected and used, 
in their religious ceremonies, by the Seneca 
Indians. 
Seneca's microscope. A glass globe filled with 
water, used as a magnifier. 
Senecio (se-ne'si-6), . [NL. (Tournefort, 
1700), < L. senecio(n-), a plant, groundsel, so 
called in allusion to the receptacle, which is 
naked and resembles a bald head ; < seneeio(n-), 
an old man,< senex, old : see senate. Cf . sencion.] 
1. A genus of composite plants, type of the tribe 
Senecionideee and subtribe Eusenecionese. It is 
characterized by terminal flower-heads with a broad or 
cylindrical involucre of one or two rows of narrow bracts, 
numerous regular and perfect disk-flowers with truncate 
and cylindrical recurved style-branches and nearly cylin- 
drical five- to ten-ribbed achenes, smooth or but slightly 
downy, and little or not at all contracted at the summit, 
which bears a copious soft white pappus of slender simple 
bristles. Some species have flower-heads calyculate with 
a few bractlets below, and the majority bear spreading pis- 
tillate rays, which are, however, minute in some and in 
others absent. This has been esteemed the largest genus 
of flowering plants, containing (including Cacalia, with 
Durand, 1888) at least 960 clearly distinct species ; it is yet 
uncertain whether or not it is surpassed by the leguminous 
genus Astragalus, under which 1,300 species have been 
described, but perhaps not over 900 of these are genuine. 
The species of Senecio are mostly herbs, of polymorphous 
habit, either smooth or woolly, and bear alternate or radi- 
cal leaves which are entire, toothed, or dissected. Their 
flower-heads are either large or small, corymbed, panicled, 
or solitary, and are in the great majority of species yellow, 
especially the disk-flowers. The genus is of almost uni- 
versal distribution, but the range of individual species is 
remarkably limited. They are most abundant in temper- 
ate climates; probably about two thirds of the species 
belong to the Old World, and of those half to South 
Africa and over a fourth to Europe and the Mediter- 
ranean region. About 66 species are found in the United 
States, including the 9 species of Cacalia (Tournefort, 
1700), separated by many authors ; the others are chiefly 
low or slender herbs with bright-yellow rays, most nu- 
merous in the central States. American species are 
much more abundant in the Andean region, where they 
assume a shrubby habit and in three fourths of the species 
develop no ray-flowers, the reverse of the proportion else- 
where. Many of the Andean species grow close to the 
snow-line, and have leaves quite glossy and glutinous 
above and clothed with warm wool beneath ; some gummy- 
leaved species have been used for firewood by the Bolivians 
under the name tola. In St. Helena and New Zealand a 
number of species become small trees. (See he-cabbagetree 
and puka-puka.) (For the principal British and American 
species, see ragu'ort, liferoot, and jacob&a; for the original 
species, S. nulgaris, a weed sold for cage-birds in London 
under the names bird-seed and chickcnweed, and also called 
sencion and simson, see groundsel!.) Several species have 
been in repute asremediesforwounds, asS. Sara cenicus (tor 
which see Saracen's comfrey, under Saracen). S. paludonts 
is known as bird's-tonaue, S. hierac\folius as hawkweed, 
and 5. Lyallii, of New Zealand, as mountain-marigold. S. 
lobatus, a tall and rather showy species of the southern 
United States, is known as butterweed, from its fleshy 
leaves. S. Cineraria, a bushy yellow-flowered perennial 
of Mediterranean shores from Spain to Greece and Egypt, 
is the dusty-miller of gardens, valued for its numerous 
long and pinnately cleft leaves, remarkably whitened with 
senescent 
close down ; from it the native dusty-miller of the Atlantic 
coast, Artemisia Stelleriana, is distinguished by its short, 
roundish, less deeply cut leaves. S. scandens, Cape ivy, 
a tender climber with smooth and shining bright-green 
angled leaves, from the Cape of Good Hope, is a favorite 
in cultivation. Several species are cultivated for their 
flowers_ under the generic name Senecio, as the orange S. 
Japnniciif, and the purple and yellow S. pulcher, which 
reach nearly or quite 3 inches in diameter. S. argcnteus, 
the silvery senecio, a dwarf 2 inches high, is valued for 
edgings, and several others for rock-gardens. The most 
important species, perhaps, are those of the section Cine- 
raria, cultivated under glass, some of which have deep- 
blue rays, a color elsewhere absent from this and most 
other composite genera. 
2. \l. 0,1 A member of this genus, 
senecioid (sf-ne'gi-oid), a. [NL., < Senecio + 
-aid.] Kesembling Senecio. 
Senecionideae (se-ne"si-o-nid'e-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Lessing, 1832), < Senecio(n-)+ -jW-ra?.] A tribe 
of composite plants, characterized by usually 
radiate flower-heads, nearly equal involucral 
bracts in one or two rows, pappus composed 
of bristles, anthers with a tailless base or with 
two short points, and penciled, truncate or ap- 
pendaged style-branches in the perfect flowers. 
It includes 4 subtribes, of which Liabum, T-ussilago, Sene- 
cio. and Othonna arc the types, and comprises 43 genera 
and about 1,300 species, which extend into all parts of 
the world. They are mainly annual and perennial herbs 
with alternate leaves and yellow disk-flowers, often also 
with yellow rays. Among other genera, Petasites, Arnica, 
Doronicum, and Erfchthites are represented in the United 
States. 
senectitude (se-uek'ti-tud), . [< ML. senecti- 
tudo for L. senectus (scnectut-), old age, < senex, 
old: see senate.'] Old age. [Bare.] 
Senectitude, weary of its toils. //. Miller. 
senega (sen'e-gii), . [NL. : see Seneca-oil.] A 
drug consistmg'of the root Polygala Senega, the 
Seneca snakeroot . The drug is said to have been used 
as an antidote for the bite of the rattlesnake. It is now 
almost exclusively used as an expectorant and diuretic. 
Also seneca. 
Senegal (sen'e-gal), a. and n. [< Senegal (see 
def . ). ] I. a. Of or pertaining to Senegal, a river 
in western Africa, and the region near it. Com- 
pare Senegambiitn Senegal crow. See crows. 
Senegal galago, Galago senegalensis. Senegal gum. 
See gum arable, under gumS. Senegal jackal, a variety 
of the common jackal, Cants anthtis. - Senegal mahog- 
any. See Khaya. Senegal parrot, Palirirrnis sentgalus. 
Senegal sandpiper*, senna, shrike. See the nouns. 
II. n. II. c.] A dealers' name of the small 
African blood-finches of the genus Lagono- 
sticta. They are tiny birds, averaging under 4 inches 
long, and would be taken for little finches, but belong to 
the Bpermestine 
group of the Ploce- 
ida (nottoFrinffil- 
lidx). More than 
20 species of /." 
gonftsticta are de- 
scribed, all Afri- 
can; they are close- 
ly related to the 
numerous species 
of Spermegtes, all 
likewise African, 
and of Estrelda 
and iU subdivi- 
sions, mainly Afri- 
can, but also Indi- 
an, some of which 
are known to the 
dealers as ama- 
davats, strawberry- 
finches, etc. The 
blood-finches (Laffonogticta proper) are so called from their 
leading color, a rich crimson, shaded into browns, grays, 
and black, and often set off with pearly white spots. Sev- 
eral different birds share the name Senegal. That to which 
it specially pertains inhabits Senegambia; it is the stni- 
gah of the early French and the Are-bird or fire-finch of 
the early English ornithologists, the Frinyitta xenegala of 
Linnaeus, and the Estrelda fenegala ot many writers; it is 3} 
inches long, the male mostly crimson, with black tail and 
brown belly, and the back brown washed over with crim- 
son. L. minima is scarcely different, but slightly smaller, 
and has a few white dots on the sides of the breast. 
Senegambian (sen-e-gam'bi-an), a. [< Senegal 
+ Gambia, the two chief rivers of the region.] 
Pertaining to Senegambia, a region in western 
Africa, belonging in great part to France and 
other European powers, 
senegin (sen'e-gin), n. Same as polygaline. 
senescence (se-nes'ens), n. [< senescen(t) + -ce.~] 
The condition of growing old, or of decaying by 
time; decadence. 
The world with an unearthly ruddy Hue ; such might 
be the color cast by a nearly burnt-out sun in the senes- 
cence of a system. Harper's Mag., LXXVII. 620. 
senescent (se-nes'ent), a. [= It. senescente. < 
L. senescen(i-)s, ppr. of senescere, grow old, < 
MMTV, be old, < senex, old: see senate.'] Grow- 
ing old; aging: as, a senescent bean. 
The night was senescent,, 
And star-dials pointed to morn. Poe, Ulalume. 
It [the Latin of the twelfth century] is not a dead but a 
living language, senescent, perhaps, but in a green old age. 
Stubbe, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 153. 
Senegal Blood-finch 
