Leaf of Shad- 
dock (Citrus ik- 
fitmana}. 
shaddock 
40 feet high, and is the most handsome of the genus. It 
is a native of the Malayan and Polynesian islands, now 
cultivated in many warm countries. The 
fruit is globose or pyriform and orange- 
like, but very large, weighing sometimes 
15 pounds, and of a pale-yellow color ; the 
pulp is yellow, green, pink, or crimson, 
and is wholesome ; the rind and partitions 
are very bitter. There are numerous va- 
rieties, some very juicy and refreshing. 
The shaddock proper is, however, gener- 
ally inferior to its smaller variety, the 
grape-fruit or pomelo, which is further 
distinguished by bearing its fruit in clus- 
ters. Both are to some extent grown in 
Florida, the latter becoming a considera- 
ble article of export to the North. Also 
pompelmous. See gmj>e-Jruit and pomflo. 
shaddowt, An obsolete spelling 
of shadow. 
shade 1 (shad), n. [< ME. schade (Kentish used), 
partly < AS. sceadu (gen. sceadwe, sceade), f., 
partly < scead (gen. sceades, scenes), neut., shade, 
the form sceadu (gen. sceadwe, etc.) producing 
reg. E. shadow : see shadow, to which shade is re- 
lated as mead 2 is to meadow. Cf. shed 2 , .] 1. 
The comparative obscurity, dimness, or gloom 
caused by the interception or interruption of 
the rays of light. 
The buschys that were blowed grene, 
And leued ful louely that lent grete eclia.de. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2-2. 
Sit you down in the shade, and stay but a little while. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 6T. 
The fainty knights were scorch'd, and knew not where 
To ran for shelter, for no xhailr was near. 
Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 1. 382. 
2. A place or spot sheltered from the sun's 
rays ; a shaded or shady spot ; hence, a secluded 
or obscure retreat. 
Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there 
Weep our sad bosoms empty. 
SAa*., Macbeth, iv. 3. 1. 
These shades 
Are still the abodes of gladness. 
Bryant, Inscription for Entrance to a Wood. 
3. ]il. Darkling shadows; darkness which ad- 
vances as light wanes ; darkness : as, the shades 
of evening. 
Then thus I turn me from my country's light 
To dwell in solemn shades of endless night. 
Shak., Rich. II., i. 3. 177. 
See, while I speak, the shades disperse away ; 
Aurora gives the promise of a day. 
Addison, tr. of Ovid's Metamorph., ii. 
4. In painting, the dark part or parts of a pic- 
ture; also, deficiency or absence of illumination. 
'Tis ev'ry painter's art to hide from sight, 
And east in shades, what seen would not delight. 
Dryden. 
5. Degree or gradation of defective luminosity 
in a color: often used vaguely from the fact 
that paleness, or high luminosity combined with 
defective chroma, is confounded with high lu- 
minosity by itself: as, a dark or deep shade; 
three different shades of brown. See color, 
hue 1 , and tint. 
White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees or 
shades and mixtures, as green, scarlet, . . . and the rest, 
come in only by the eyes. 
Locke, Human Understanding, II. iii. 1. 
Her present winter garb was of merino, the same soft 
shade of brown as her hair. Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, vi. 
It is when two shades of the same color are brought side 
by side that comparison makes them odious to each other. 
0. W. Holmes, Emerson, v. 
6. A small or scarcely perceptible degree or 
amount ; a trace ; a trifle. 
In the golden hour of friendship, we are surprised with 
shades of suspicion and unbelief. Emerson, Friendship. 
She takes, when harsher moods remit, 
What slender shade of doubt may flit, 
And makes it vassal unto love. 
Tennyson, In Memoriam, xlviii. 
7. A person's shadow. [Poetical.] 
Since every one hath, every one, one shade. 
Shak., Sonnets, liii. 
Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. 
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 466. 
8. The soul after its separation from the body: 
so called because supposed to be perceptible 
to the sight, but not to the touch; a departed 
spirit; a ghost: as, the shades of departed he- 
roes. 
I shall be made, 
Ere long, a fleeting shade ; 
Pray come, 
And doe some honour to my tomb. 
Herrick, To the Yew and Cypresse to Grace his Funerall. 
Unknowing to command, proud to obey, 
A lifeless King, a Royal Shade I lay 
Prior, Solomon, ii. 
Peter Bell excited his [Byron's] spleen to such a degree 
that he evoked the shades of Pope and Dryden, and de- 
manded of them whether it were possible that such trash 
could evade contempt? Macaulay, Moore's Byron. 
5540 
The ghost or phantasm seen by the dreamer or the 
visionary is like a shadow, and thus the familiar term of 
the shade comes in to express the soul. 
E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, I. 388. 
9. jit. The departed spirits, or their unseen 
abode ; the invisible world of the ancients ; Ha- 
des : with the definite article. 
See! on one Greek three Trojan ghosts attend, 
This, my third victim, to the shades I send. 
Pope, Iliad, xiii. 561. 
10. A screen ; especially, a screen or protection 
against excessive heat or light ; something used 
to modify or soften the intensity of heat or 
light: as, a shade f or the eyes ; a window-.v/m^r; 
a sunshade. 
To keepe vs from the winde we made a shade of another 
Mat. Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, I. 204. 
He put on his grey cap with the huge green shade, and 
sauntered to the door. 
Thackeray, Fitz-Boodle Papers, Dorothea. 
Specifically (a) A colored glass used in a sextant or 
other optical instrument for solar observation, for toning 
down and coloring the sun's image, or that of the hori- 
zon, in order to make the outlines more distinct and per- 
ceptible. (6) A globe, cylinder, or conic frustum of glass, 
porcelain, or other translucent material surrounding the 
flame of a lamp or candle, a gas-jet, or the like, to confine 
the light to a particular area, or to soften and diffuse it. 
(c) A hollow perforated cylinder used to cover a night- 
light. 
She had brought a rushlight and shade with her, which, 
with praiseworthy precaution against fire, she had sta- 
tioned in a basin on the floor. Dickens, Pickwick, xxii. 
(d) A hollow glass covering for protecting ornaments, etc., 
from dust. 
Spar figures under glass shades. 
Mayhew, London Labour and London Poor, I. 3S. 
(e) A more or less opaque curtain of linen, muslin, paper, 
or other flexible material, used at a window to exclude 
light, or to regulate the amount admitted ; a blind. Shades 
are usually attached to a roller actuated by a spring with- 
in it, or by a cord. 
11. Milit., same as -timbrel. 12f. Guise; cover. 
So much more full of danger is his vice 
That can beguile so under shade of virtue. 
B. Joneon, Volpone, iv. 2. 
13. In eiitom., a part of a surface, generally 
without definite borders, where the color is 
deepened and darkened either by being inten- 
sified or by admixture of black: applied espe- 
cially to dark, ill-defined spaces on the wings of 
moths, which in some cases are distinguished 
by specific names: as, the median shade. 14. 
Same as shutter (<): as, the shades of the swell- 
box in a pipe-organ.-Median shade, in entom. See 
mediani.=ayTL 1. Shade, Shadoic. Shade differs from 
shadow, as it implies no particular form or definite limit, 
whereas a shadtnc represents in form the object which in- 
tercepts the light. Hence, when we say, let us resort to 
the shade of a tree, we have no thought of form or size, as 
of course we have when we speak of measuring a pyramid 
or other object by its shadow. 8. Apparition, Specter, etc. 
See ghost. 
shade 1 (shad), r. t. ; pret. and pp. shaded, ppr. 
shading. [< aftode 1 , *. The older verb is shad- 
ow, q. v. ; no ME. *$hadcn appears.] 1. To 
shelter or screen from glare or light ; shelter 
from the light and heat of the sun. 
There, while I went to crop the sylvan scenes, 
And shade our altars with their leafy greens, 
I pulled a plant. Dryden, ^Eneid, iii. 35. 
Leicester drew the curtain, heavy with entwined silk 
and gold, so as completely to shade his face. 
Scott, Kenilworth, xxxii. 
2. To hide; screen: shelter; especially, to shel- 
ter or screen from injury. 
Ere in our own house I do shade my head. 
Shak., Cor., ii. 1. 211. 
Leave not the faithful side 
That gave thee being, still shades thee, and protects. 
Milton, P. L., ix. 266. 
Let Myrrha weeping Aromatick Gum. 
And ever-living Lawrel, shade her Tomb. 
Congreve, On the Death of Queen Mary. 
3. To cast a shade over; overspread with dark- 
ness, gloom, or obscurity; obscure; east into 
the shade. 
Bright orient pearl, alack, too timely shaded ! 
Shak., Passionate Pilgrim, 1. 133. 
The Piece by Virtue's equal Hand is wrought, 
Mixt with no Crime, and shaded with no Fault. 
Prior, Carmen Seculare (1700), st. 12. 
4. In drawing and painting: (a) To paint in 
obscure colors; darken. (6) To mark with 
gradations of color. 5. To cover with a shade 
or screen ; furnish with a shade or something 
that intercepts light, heat, dust, etc. 6f. To 
typify ; foreshow ; represent figuratively. 
A Goddesse of great powre and soverainty, 
And in her person cunningly did shade 
That part of Justice which is Equity. 
Spenser, F. Q., V. vii. 3. 
How fain would I paint thee to all men's eyes, 
Or of thy gifts at least shade out some part ! 
Sir P. Sidney (Arber's Eng. Garner, I. 543). 
shadow 
7. To place something near enough to the top 
of (an open organ-pipe) to affect the vibrating 
air-column, and thus raise the pitch of its tone. 
8. To place (a gun-barrel) so that about half 
tlic interior shall be in shadow, for the purpose 
of testing the straightness of the bore. 
shade- (shad). A dialectal form of tilted 2 , shed 1 , 
;iiid .tlirath. 
shaded (sha'ded), p. a. 1. Marked with gra- 
dations of color. 
Let Thalestris change herself into a motley party-col- 
oured animal : the pearl necklace, the flowered stomach- 
er, the artificial nosegay, and shaded furbelow may be of 
use to attract the eye of the beholder, and turn it from the 
imperfections of her features and shape. 
Steele, Tatler, No. 151. 
2. Screened; sheltered. 
He was standing with some papers in his hand by a ta- 
ble with shaded candles on it. 
Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, iii. 6. 
Shade-fish (shad'fish), n. [Tr. of L. umbra, 
shade.] A book-name of the maigre. 
Shadeful (shad 'ful), a. [< shadel + -fid.] 
Shady. 
The eastern Avon vaunts, and doth upon her take 
To be the only child of shadeful Savernake. 
Drayton, Polyolbion, iii. 78. 
shadeless (shad'les), a. [< shade + -tew.] With- 
out shade or shelter from the light, heat, or the 
like : as, shadeless streets. 
A gap In the hills, an opening 
Shadeless and shelterless. Wordsworth. 
shader (slia'der), n. [< sliade^, *., -t- -er 1 .] 
One who or that which shades. 
shade-tree (sbad'tre), n. A tree planted or 
valued for its shade, as distinguished from one 
planted or valued for its fruit, foliage, beauty, 
etc. 
shad-flower (shad'flou"er), n. 1. An abun- 
dant low herb like a miniature sweet alyssum, 
blooming when the shad appear in the rivers; 
the whitlow-grass, Erophila rulgaris, better 
known as Draba verna. [Local, U. S.] 2. 
Same as shad-bush. 
shad-fly (shad'fli), n. An insect which appears 
when shad are running; a May-fly; a day-fly. 
The name is given to various Phryganeidx, Perlidx, and 
especially Ephemeridse. The shad-fly of the Potomac river 
is Palingenia bilineata. See cuts under caddis-worm and 
shad-frog (shad'frpg), n. A sort of frog, Rana 
halecina, of the United States, so called because 
it becomes active in the spring at the same time 
that shad begin to run. It is a large, handsome, 
and very agile frog, able to jump 8 or 10 feet. 
shad-hatcher (shad'hach"er), n. One who en- 
gages in the artificial propagation of shad. 
shadily (sha'di-li), adv. In a shady manner; 
umbrageously. 
shadine (sha-den'), n. [< shad 1 + -me, in imi- 
tation of sardine 1 .] The menhaden, prepared 
and put up in oil like the sardine. Also called 
American sardine. 
shadiness (sha'di-nes), n. Shady character or 
quality: as, the shadiness of the forest; the 
shadiness of a transaction. 
shading (sha'ding), . [Verbal n. of shade 1 , .] 
1. The act or process of making a shade; 
interception of light; obscuration. 2. That 
which represents the effect of light and shade 
in a drawing; the filling up of an outline. 
shading-pen (sha'ding-pen), n. A pen with a 
broad flat nib, which when used with the flat 
side makes a broad ink-mark, with the edge a 
narrow mark. By changing the position a great variety 
of marks useful in ornamental penmanship can be made. 
shadoet, " An obsolete spelling of shadow. 
shadoof, shaduf (sha-dof), n. [Ar. shdd-iif.~} 
A contrivance extensively employed in Egypt 
and the East generally for raising water, it 
consists of a long stout rod suspended on a frame at about 
one fifth of its length from the end. The short end is 
weighted so as to serve as the counterpoise of a lever, and 
from the long end a bucket is suspended by a rope. The 
shadoof is extensively used in Egypt for lifting water from 
the Nile for irrigation. The worker dips the bucket in 
the river, and, aided by the counterpoise weight, empties 
it into a hole dug on the bank, from which a runnel con- 
ducts the water to the lands to be irrigated. In the cut 
(see the following page) two shadoofs are shown, employed 
side by side. 
shadow (shad'6), n. [Early mod. E. also shad- 
dow, sliadoe; < ME. schadowe, schadewe, shadwe, 
schadue, < AS. sceadu, sceado (gen. sceadwe, scea- 
de), f. (also scead (gen. sceades, scedes), neut.), 
= OS. skado = MD. schaeduwe, schaedue, schaede, 
D. schaduw = MLG. schadwce, schadewe, schede 
= OHG. scato, MHG. schate, G. schatten = Goth. 
skadns, shadow, shade, = Olr. scath, Ir. sgath, 
Gael, saath, shade, shadow, shelter (cf. Olr. 
scdil. shadow), perhaps = Gr. o-KoYof (also anoria), 
darkness, gloom, < ^/ ska, cover; perhaps akin 
