share 
And think not, Percy, 
To share with me in glory any more. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 4. 64. 
In which sickness the seamen shared also deeply, and 
many died, to about the one half of them before they went 
away. ff. Morton, New England's Memorial, p. 51. 
Arightof inheritance gave every one . . . atitletoaAarc 
in the goods of his father. Locke, Of Government, 91. 
share 2 (shar), n. [< ME. share, schare, shaar, 
schar, snare, < AS. seear (= OFries. xktrr, srlii-n- 
= D. schaar, in eomp. ploeg-xchaar. plowshare, 
= OHG. scaro, MHG. schar, G. schaar, in comp. 
pflug-schaar = Dan. plopskjser, plowshare), a 
plowshare, < sceran (pret. scser), shear: see 
shear 1 . Gf. share*.] 1. The broad iron ov blade 
of a plow which cuts the bottom of the furrow- 
slice ; a plowshare. See cut under plow. 
He sharpeth shaar and knltour bisily. 
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 577. 
If in the soil you guide the crooked share, 
Your early breakfast is my constant care. 
Gay, Shepherd's Week, Tuesday. 
2. The blade in a seeding-machine or drill 
which makes a furrow for the seed. 
share 3 (shar), . [< ME. seliare, schore, scherc, 
< AS. scaru, scare, the pubes, < sceran (pret. 
Kceer), cut: see share 1 , slum?.] Thepubis; the 
pubic bone ; the share-bone ; the private parts. 
Heo thurh'Stihten dsboset adun into the schere. 
Ancren Ritrle, p. 272. 
Clad in a coat beset with embossed gold, like unto one 
of these kings servants, arrayed from the heele to the 
share in manner of a nice and pretie page. 
Holland, tr. of Anmiianus Marcellinus (1609). (Xares.) 
They are vexed with a sharpe fever, they watch, they 
rave, and speake they wot not what : they vomite pure 
choler, and they cannot make water ; the ehare becometh 
hard, and hath vehement paine. 
Barrough, Method of Physick (1624). (Xares.) 
share 4 (shar), r. t. ; pret. and pp. shared, ppr. 
sharing. [A var. of shear*, depending partly 
on share*-, share'*.'] To cut; shear; cleave. 
Hur skarlet sieve he schare of then, 
lie seyde, lady, be thys ye shalle me ken. 
MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 88, f. 89. (Hattiwett.) 
Scalp, face, and shoulders the keen steel divides, 
And the shar'd visage hangs on equal sides. 
It was a thin oaten cake, shared into fragments. 
Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, v. 
share-beam (shar'bem), n. That part of a plow 
to which the share is fixed. 
share-bone (shar'bon), . The pubic bone, or 
os pubis ; the pubis. 
share-broker (shar'bro'k^r), n. A dealer or 
broker in the shares and securities of joint- 
stock companies, etc. 
shareholder (shar'h61"der), n. One who holds 
or owns a share or shares in a joint-stock or in- 
corporated company, in a common fund, or in 
some property : as, a shareholder in a railway, 
a mining or banking company, etc. 
share-line (shar'lin), . The summit line of 
elevated ground ; the dividing line. Imp. Diet. 
Share-list (shar'list), . A list of the prices of 
shares of railways, mines, banks, government 
securities, etc. 
shareman (shar'man), . Same as sharesmaii. 
share-pennyt (shaf'pen"'i), n. [< share*, ;., + 
obj. penny.] A niggardly person; a skinflint; 
a miser. 
I'll go near to cosen old father ihare-penny of his daugh- 
ter. 
Wilt/ Beguiled (Hawkins's Eng. Dr., III. 299). (Daviet.) 
sharer (shar'er), n. 1. One who shares, di- 
vides, or apportions. 2. One who shares with 
others, (a) A shareholder or proprietor ; a stockholder. 
They directed a letter to me and my fellow-Aarer8. 
B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 2. 
(6) One who participates in anything with another or 
others ; one who enjoys or suffers in common with an- 
other or others ; a partaker. 
But who are your assistants? though I am 
So covetous of your glory that I could wish 
You had no sharer in it. 
Fletcher, Double Marriage, i. 1. 
Happy is thy cottage, and happy is the sharer of it. 
Sterne, Sentimental Journey, p. 113. 
sharesman(sharz'man),w.;pl..s*ares>en(-men). 
[< shares, pi. of share 1 , + man.] A member of 
the crew of a fishing-vessel who assumes part 
of the risk of a voyage and has a share in the 
profits instead of wages. 
sharewort (shar'wert), n. [< shares + wor t*: 
tr. L. inguinalis, so. herba, a plant supposed to 
cure diseases of the share or groin.] An old 
plant-name commonly referred to Aster Tripo- 
UHIII, but really belonging to Pallems spinosa, 
a composite plant of southern Europe. Britten 
and Holland, Eng. Plant Names. 
shark 1 (shark), n. [Not found in ME. (the ME. 
name therefor being hound-fish): usually de- 
5552 
rived < L. carchariis, < Gr. napxapiaf, a kind of 
shark, so called from its sharp teeth, < Ka/>xapnf, 
jagged (of teeth); cf. napiavof, a crab; Skt. 
kni-kata, a crab, karkara, hard. But the re- 
quisite OF. forms intermediate between E. 
shark and L. earcharits are not found, and it is 
not certain that the name was orig. applied to 
the fish ; it may have been first useil of a greedy 
man (see shark-).] A selachian of the subclass 
I'lagiostom i, of an elongate form, with the pec- 
toral fins moderately developed, the branchial 
apertures lateral, and the mouth inferior (rarely 
terminal). Over 150 species are known as inhabitants 
of the modern seas, and sharks formed a very important 
or even predominant contingent to the fauna? of early 
epochs. The internal differences manifested by spccifs 
having a considerable resemblance externally are so great 
as to have led some naturalists to propose for them three 
distinct orders, which have been named Anarthri, I'ro- 
arthri, and Optetharthri. Most living sharks belong to the 
tlrst order and represent therein 15 families, while of the 
I'roarthri only one family with 4 species is known, and of 
the OpistJiarthri two families with 6 or 7 species. Most 
sharks are carnivorous, and some of them eminently so ; 
their dentition corresponds to this character, the teeth 
being often compressed, with trenchant and frequently 
serrated edges, arranged in many rows, and folded back 
on the jaws, leaving only the outermost erect for action. 
These rows of teeth successively come into functional posi- 
tion. In others, however, the teeth are flattish anu not 
erectile. In a few, also, which attain a large size, the teeth 
are extremely small, and the animal feeds upon very small 
animals, being not truly carnivorous. The skin is generally 
covered witli small scales or plates flrmly adherent to the 
skin and overlapping, forming shagreen. (See cut under 
(-<//. i .) But various deviations are manifested in different 
forms, and in one, Echinorhinidx, the surface is mostly 
naked, only some thorn-like plates beingdeveloped. Sharks 
inhabit for the most part tropical and warm waters ; the 
larger ones live in the open sea, but a few species extend 
into high north and south latitudes. The largest shark is 
Rhinodon typicus, the whale-shark, said to attain a length 
of over 50 feet. Next in size is the great basking-sbark, 
Cetorhinus maximus. which is reported occasionally to 
reach a length of 40 feet. (See Cetorhinus, and cut under 
hark.) Another large species is Carchnrodon ron- 
Man-eating Shark (Carrharodott rondeletf). 
deleti, among those known as man-eaters. The ordinary 
carnivorous sharks belong to the family Oaleorhinida or 
Carchariida, as the common blue sharks. The topes also 
belong to this family. (See cut under Galeorhinus.) The 
hammer-headed sharks belong to the family Sphyrnidee or 
Zyysenidee. Fox-sharks or threshers are Alopeciida. The 
porbeagles or mackerel-sharks are Lamnid/f. (See cut un- 
der mackerel-shark.) Gray sharks or cow-sharks are A'o- 
tidanidse. (See cut under Hexanchus.) Dogfishes are 
sharks of the families Spinacidx and Scylliorhinidte. False 
sharks are the chimeras or Holocephali. Angel-Shark, 
the angel-fish or monk-fish, Squatina angelus. See cut 
under angel-fish. Beaumaris shark, the porbeagle, 
Lamna cormtbica. Blue shark, a shark of the genus 
Carcharhinv* of De Blainville, or Carcharias of Cuvier, 
as the European blue shark, ' '. glaucus. See cut under 
Carcharhinus. Bonnet-headed shark, a hammer- 
Bonnet-headed Shark (Retticefi titntro). 
headed shark of the genus Renieeps. Also called shovfl- 
headed shark. Dog-shark, Triads or Rhinotriacis semi- 
fasciatus of California. See also dogfish, Scyllium, and 
ScyUwrhiims. Dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscunis. 
one of the blue sharks common on the Atlantic coast of 
the United States, of moderate size and not formidable. 
Fresh-water shark, a pike or pickerel. [0. 8.] 
Gray Shark, the sand-shark, Carcharias americanus. 
Hammer-headed shark. See hammerhead, 1, Sphyrna, 
and Ziigeena. Hound-shark, a shark of the genus Mus- 
telus, as M. hinnulus; also, of Galeorhinus, as O. ranis. 
Liver-Shark, Cetorhinus maximus, the great basking- 
shark: so called from its liver, which may afford several 
barrels of oil. See def. above, and cut under basking -shark. 
Man-eater shark. See def. above. Nurse-shark. 
Same as mine, 7. See also cut under mermaid' s-purse. 
Oblique-toothed shark, Scoliodon ttrrse-nma,. See 
Scoliodnn. Port Jackson shark, a shark of the family 
HeterofiontidteorCextrarinntiilff; anycestraciont: notable 
from their relationship with extinct forms. See Cestracion- 
tida, and cut under selachian. Shark's manners. See 
inami-l. Sharp-nosed Shark, Immmphndon limba- 
tus; also, Scolwdonterrte-norif. Shovel-headed shark. 
Same as bonnet -headed shark. Smooth-toothed shark 
a species of Aprionodon. Splnous Shark, a shark of the 
genus Echinorhinut, as E. spinoma. See cut under Echi- 
sharnbod 
norhinus. White Shark, a man-eater shark, Carcharodon 
rondeleti. (See also basking-shark, bone-shark, cow-shark, 
fox-shark, mackerel-shark, oil-shark, sand-shark, sleeper- 
shark, thresher-shark, tiger-shark, vhale-shark. See also cut 
under Pristiophorus.) 
Shark 1 (shark), r. i. [< shark*, .] To fish for 
or catch sharks. 
shark 2 (shark), . [Now regarded as a trans- 
ferred use of shark*, but prob. orig. of diff. 
origin (and perhaps itself the source of shark 1 ) ; 
associated with shark'^, r.] 1. A sharper; a 
olicat; a greedy, dishonest fellow who eagerly 
preys upon others; a rapacious swindler. 
A thread-bare shark; one that never was a soldier, yet 
lives upon lendings. 
B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, Pref. 
We do take away the possibility of a " corner " or of 
speculation on the part of the bullion owners, and give the 
Secretary of the Treasury some opportunity to defend 
himself and the Treasury against the sharks who might 
attempt at the end of each month to force him to pur- 
chase at a fabulous price the amount directed by law. 
Concessional Record, XXI. 7783. 
2t. The sharp practice and petty shifts and 
stratagems of a swindler or needy adventurer. 
Wretches who live upon the shark. 
South, Sermons, n. vi. 
Land-shark, a sailor's name for a sharper. 
shark 2 (shark), r. [Prob. < shark'*, n. (accord- 
ing to the usual view, < shark*). Cf. shirk, 
which is thought to be a var. of shark?.] I. 
intrant. Toplaythe shark orneedy adventurer; 
live by one s wits; depend on or practise the 
shifts and stratagems of a needy adventurer ; 
swindle: sometimes with an impersonal it : as, 
to shark for a living. 
I left the route, 
And closely stole away, having defraide 
A great part of the reckning ; which I paide . . . 
Because they should not think I came to sharke 
Only for vittailes. Times' Whistle (E. E. T. S.), p. 85. 
Ah, captain, lay not all the fault upon officers! you 
know you can shark, though you be out of action. 
Beau, and Ft., Honest Man's Fortune, iii. 3. 
He was one of those vagabond cosmopolites who shark 
about the world, as if they had no right or business in it. 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 834. 
To Shark out, to slip out or escape by low artifices. 
[Vulgar.] 
II. trans. To pick up; obtain or get together 
by sharking : with np or out. 
Young Fortinbras . . . 
Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there 
Shark'd up a list of lawless resolutes. 
Shak., Hamlet, i. 1. 98. 
If to dig they are too lazy, to beg ashamed, to steal 
afraid, to cheat want wit, and to live means, then thrust 
in for a room in the church ; and, once crept in at the win- 
dow, make haste to shark out a living. 
Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 453. 
What a detestable set of characters has Ford here 
sharked up for the exercise of his fine talents ! 
Giford, note in Ford's 'Tis Pity, ii. 4. 
sharker (shar'ker), n. [< shark? + -er 1 .] One 
who lives by sharking; an artful swindler or 
adventurer; a sharper. 
Though y' are sure of this money again at my hands, yet 
take heed how this same Lodovico get it from you ; he s a 
great sharker. Chapman, May- Day, ii. 5. 
Men not worth a groat, bat mere sharkers, to make a 
fortune. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 490. 
sharking (shar'king), a. [< shark 2 , n., + -ing 2 ."] 
Prowling or voracious like a shark ; greedy ; al- 
ways on the outlook for something to snap up. 
Alguazeir ; a sharking panderly constable. 
Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure (ed. 1679); Dram. Pers. 
His hair hung in straight gallows-locks about his ears, 
and added not a little to his sharking demeanor. 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 334. 
shark-moth (shark'moth), n. A noctuid moth 
of the subfamily CucMiinie: so called popu- 
larly in England from their shape when at rest. 
Cucullia umbratica is an example. C. chamomiUge is the 
camomile-shark, C. tanaceti the tansy-shark, C. lactucat 
the lettuce-shark, etc. 
shark-mouthed (shark'moutht), a. Having a 
mouth like a shark's; selachostomous. 
shark-oil (shark'oil), i. Oil obtained from the 
liver of sharks: used sometimes in place of 
cod-liver oil. See lirer-shark (under shark 1 ), 
and cut under banking-shark. 
shark-ray (shark'ra), . 1. A beaked ray; a 
selachian of the family Bhinobatidx. 2. The 
angel-fish. 
shark'S-mouth (sharks'mouth), . Naitt., the 
opening in an awning to admit a mast or stay. 
sharn (sharn). . [Also scarn, shcani, shern; 
< ME. sell arn, 'si-hern. < AS. scearn, scsern, xrcm 
= OFries. skern = Icel. Sw. Dan.skarn, dung.] 
The dung of cattle. [Scotch.] 
sharnbodt, . [ME. xliarnbndflr, sharnbudc, < 
AS. "sccarnbttfMa (in a gloss, "scarabseus, 
scearnbiiiliMi uel bitdda"), a beetle, < scearn, 
