shawl-waistcoat 
shawl-waistcoat (sha,rwast"kot), . A vest 
or waistcoat with a large prominent pattern 
like that of a shawl. 
He had a shawl waistcoat of many colors ; a pair of loose 
blue trousers ; . . . a brown cutaway coat. 
Thackeray, Shabby Genteel Story, viii. 
shawm, shalm (sham), . [Early mod. E. also 
shaume, shaulm, shalme, shautme; < ME. ghalme, 
shaume, shalmie, shalmye = D. scalmel = MLG. 
LG. schalmeide = MHG. schalmie, G. schalmei 
= Sw. skalmeja = Dan. skalmeie, < OP. chalemie, 
F. dial, chalemie (ML. reflex scalmeia), a pipe, 
a later form (< L. as if "calamia) for chalemelle, 
f., cttalemel, chalumeau, m., < ML. calamella, f., 
calamellus, m., a pipe, flute, < LL. calamellus, 
a little pipe or reed, dim. of L. calamus, a 
pipe, reed: see calamus, and cf. chalumeau 
and calumet.] A musical instrument of the 
oboe class, having a double reed inclosed in 
a globular mouthpiece. It was akin to the mu- 
sette and the bagpipe, and passed over into the bas- 
soon. The word survives in the chalumeau register of 
the clarinet It is inaccurately used in the Prayer-book 
version of the 98th Psalm for cornet or horn. Compare 
bombard, 6. 
Many thousand tymes twelve, 
That maden londe menstralcyes 
In cornemuse and shalmyes. 
Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 1218. 
As the minstrelles therefore blewe theyr shaulmes, the 
barbarous people drew neare, suspecting that noyse to 
bee a token of warre, whereupon they made ready theyr 
bowes and arrowes. 
K. Eden, tr. of Sebastian Munster (First Books on Amer- 
[fca, ed. Arber, p. 35). 
Cit. What stately music have you 'I Have you shawm* f 
Prot. Shawms? No. 
Cit. No? I am a thief if my mind did not give me so. 
Ralph has a stately part, and he must needs haveAau>nu: 
I'll be at the charge of them myself, rather than that well 
be without them. 
Beau, and /'/.. Knight of Burning Pestle, I ml. 
shawp, . See shaup. 
shay, n. See chay 1 . 
shayak (sha'yak), . [Tripoli.] A coarse 
woolen cloth manufactured at Tripoli and else- 
where in northern Africa. 
shaya-root (sha'a-rot), n, [Also che-root, choy- 
root; prop, chaya-root (also simply chay); < 
Tamil chaya, a root of Oldenlandia nmbellata, + 
E. root 1 .] The root of Oldenlandia umbellata, 
or the plant itself, also called Indian madder. 
The outer bark of the roots furnishes a dye, in India in 
great repute, the source of the durable red for which the 
Indian chintzes 
are famous. The 
plant grows wild 
on the Coroman- 
del coast, and is 
also cultivated 
there. The leaves 
are considered by 
the native doctors 
as expectorant. 
shaykh, . 
Same as sheik. 
Shaysite (sha'- 
zit),n. [< Shays 
(see def.) + 
-tf2.] In U. S. 
hist., a fol- 
lower or sup- 
porter of 
Daniel Shays, 
who in 1786-7 
led an unsuc- 
cessful insur- 
rection against the government of Massachu- 
setts, in the western part of that State. 
she (she), pron. and n. [< ME. she, sche, sheo, 
schee, sho, scho, in the earliest form of this type, 
scee (in the AS. Chronicle), she, pron. 3d pers. 
fern., taking the place of AS. heo, ME. he, ho, 
she, but in form irreg. < AS. se6 = OS. siu = 
D. zij = MLG. se, LG. se = OHG. siu, si, MHG. 
sie, si, G. sie = Icel. su, sjd = Goth, so, the, fern, 
of the def. art., AS. se = Icel. sd = Goth, sa, the, 
orig. a demonstrative pron. meaning 'that'; = 
Euss. siia (fern, of set), this, = Gr. n, fern, of 6, 
the, = Skt. sa, she, fern, of sag, he, < / sa, that, 
distinct from -y/ ki, > E. he, etc. The change 
from AS. sed to ME. sche, scho, etc., was irreg., 
and due to some confusion with heo, ME. he, ho, 
the reg. fern. pron. of 3d pers. fern, of he, he : see 
fee 1 , her."] I. pron. 3d pers. fern., possessive her 
or hers, objective her; nom. pi. they, possessive 
their or theirs, objective them. The nomina- 
tive feminine of the pronoun of the third per- 
son, used as a substitute for the name of a 
female, or of something personified in the 
feminine. Compare lie 1 , especially for the forms 
her, hers. 
Shaya-root (Oldettlandia umbcllata). 
a, flower ; b, pistil and calyx. 
5556 
And she was cleped Madame Eglentine. 
Chaucer, Uen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 12L 
Then followeth site; and lastly her slaves, if any have 
been given her. Sandys, Travailes (1652), p. 52. 
Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not ; for she was 
afraid. Gen. xviii. 15. 
She was the grandest of all vessels, 
Never ship was built in Norway 
Half so fine as she ! Lonnfellou; King Olaf. 
She is often used by people of small education or of com- 
paratively secluded lives for the female that is chief in 
importance to the speaker, especially a wife ; in this case 
it has a peculiar emphasis, separating the person referred 
to from all other women : as, "Sit down, gfte'll be here in 
a minute." Compare the similar use of hr. 
She was formerly and is still dialectally sometimes used 
as an indeclinable form. 
Yet will I weep, vow, pray to cruel She. 
Daniel, Sonnet IV. (Eng. Garner, i. 582). 
In the English of the Scotch Highlanders she is commonly 
used for he; so her for his. 
II. ti. 1. A female person ; a woman: correl- 
ative to he, a man. [Now only humorous.] 
Lady, you are the cruell'st she alive. 
Shak., T. N., 1. 5. 259. 
Whoe'er she be, 
That not impossible she, 
That shall command my heart and me. 
Craihaw, To his Supposed Mistress. 
I stood and gaz'd at high Mall till I forgot 'twas winter, 
so many pretty she's marched by me. 
Stcele, Lying Lover, i. 1. 
2. A female animal ; a beast, bird, or fish of the 
female sex: correlative to he, a male animal: 
hence used attributively or as an adjective pre- 
fix, signifying ' female,' with names of animals, 
or, in occasional or humorous use, of other be- 
ings : as, a sAe-bear, a sAe-cat, a sAe-devil, etc. 
See Ae 1 , n., 2. 
You would think a smock were a A-angel, he so chants 
to the sleeve-hand and the work about the square on 't. 
Shak., W. T., iv. 4. 211. 
This is a Dopper, a she Anabaptist ! 
B. Jonton, Staple of News, iii. 1. 
They say that . . . the Hee and the She Eel may be 
distinguished by their fins. 
7. Walton, Complete Angler (ed. 1653X x. 
shea (she'a), n. The tree yielding shea-butter : 
same as karite. Also shea-tree. 
shea-butter (she'a-but'er), n. See vegetable 
butters (under butter 1 ), gutta-shea, and karite. 
sheading (she'ding), . [< ME.scheding, shsed- 
ing, schodinge, division, separation, verbal n. 
of scheden, separate: seesAed 1 .] In the Isle of 
Man, a riding, tithing, or division in which 
there is a coroner or chief constable. The isle 
is divided into six sheadings. 
sheaf 1 (shef), n. ; pi. sheaves (shevz). [< ME. 
sheef, scheef, shef, scheffe, schof, shaf (pi. sheves), 
< AS. sceaf (pi. scedfas), a sheaf, pile of grain 
(= D. scAoo/ = MLG. LG. schof = OHG. scoub, 
scoup, MHG. schoup (schoub-), G. dial, schaub = 
Icel. gkauf, a sheaf), lit. a pile of grain ' shoved ' 
together, < scufan (pret. scedf), shove: see 
shore."] A bundle or collection. 
I am so haunted at the court, and at my lodging, with 
your refined choice spirits, that it makes me clean of an- 
other garb, another shea/, I know not how ! 
/>'. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, ii. 1. 
Jerrnyn, looking gravely and steadily at Felix while he 
was speaking, at the same time drew forth a small shea/ 
of papers from his side-pocket, and then, as he turned his 
eyes slowly on Harold, felt in his waistcoat-pocket for his 
pencil-case. George Eliot, Felix Holt, xvii. 
Specifically (a) A quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, 
oats, or barley hound together; a bundle of stalks or 
straw. 
The Virgin next, . . . 
Milde-proudly marching, in her left hand brings 
A sheaf of Corn, and in her right hand wings. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 4. 
The fanners laughed and nodded, and some bent 
Their yellow heads together like their sheaves. 
Longfellow, Birds of Killiugworth. 
(b) A bundle of twenty-four arrows, the number furnished 
to an archer and carried by him at one time. 
A sheef of pecok arwes brighte and kene 
Under his belt he bar ful thriftily. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 104. 
And, at his belt, of arrows keen 
A furbish'd sheaf bore he. 
Scott, L. of L. M., iii. 17. 
(<) A bundle of steel containing thirty gads or ingots. 
As for our steele, it is not so good for edge-tooles as 
that of Colaine, and yet the one is often sold for the other, 
and like tale vsed in both that is to saie, thirtie gads to 
the she/e, and twelue sheffes to the burden. 
Holinshed, Descrip. of Eng., ii. 11. 
(d) In geom., a doubly infinite manifold of curves or sur- 
faces comprising all which fulfil certain general conditions 
and also pass through certain fixed points ; especially, a 
manifold of points or planes passing through one fixed 
point. Center of a sheaf. 8eenfwl.=Syn. (a) Sheaf, 
Shock, Stack, Jitck. A sheaf is about an armful of the stalks 
of any small grain, tied at the middle into a bundle ; a shock 
is a pile of sheaves, generally from ten to twelve, standing 
shear 
upright or leaning together, sometimes with two or three 
laid across the top to turn olf rain ; a stack or rick is a 
much larger pile, constructed carefully to stand for &ome 
time, and thatched or covered, or so built as to keep out 
rain. In the United States the word stack is much more 
common than rick. 
Oak returned to the stack-y&rd, . . . There were five 
wheat-ricto in this yard, and three stacks of barley. . . . 
"Mrs. Tall, I've come for the key of the granary, to get 
at the rtcfr-cloths." . , . Next came the barley. This it 
was only possible to protect by systematic thatching. . . . 
She instantly took a sheaf upon her shoulders, clambered 
up close to his heels, placed it behind the rod, and de- 
scended for another. 
T. Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, xxxvi., xxxvii. 
And he would feed them from the shock 
With flower of finest wheat. 
MMon, Ps. Ixxxi., 1. 66. 
When the wild peasant rights himself, the rick 
Flames, and his anger reddens in the heavens. 
Tennyson, Princess, iv. 
sheaf 1 (shef), r. [< sheaf 1 , n. Cf. sheave 1 .] 
I. trans. To collect and bind; make sheaves of. 
II. intrans. To make sheaves. 
They that reap must *ea/and bind. 
Shak., As you Like it, iii. 2. 113. 
sheaf 2 (shef), n. Same as sheare?. 
Sheaf-binder (shef'bm'der), . A hand-tool 
for facilitating the binding of sheaves of grain 
with twine. One form consists of a large wooden needle 
with a hook at the point, which serves to tighten the 
cord round the sheaf and form it into a knot. Another 
form consists of a wooden block, which is attached to the 
cord and used to make a slip-knot, the block being left on 
the sheaf. 
sheafy (she'fi), . [< sheaf* + -y 1 .] Pertain- 
ing to, consisting of, or resembling a sheaf or 
sheaves. 
Ceres, kind mother of the bounteous, year, 
Whose golden locks a sheafy garland bear. 
Gay, tr. of Ovid's Metamorph., vi. 190. 
Sheah, >. Same as Shiah. 
sheal 1 (shel), M. [Also shiel; a dial, form of 
shell, partly also of the related shale 1 ."] A 
shell, husk, or pod. [Obsolete or prov. Eng. 
and Scotch.] 
sheal 1 (shel), f. t. [Also sheet, skill ; a dial. 
form of shell, c. Cf. sheal 1 , .] To take the 
husks or pods off; shell. [Obsolete or prov. 
Eng. and Scotch.] 
That 's a shealed peascod. Shak., Lear, i. 4. 219. 
sheal 2 (shel), n. [Also sheel, sheil, shiel; either 
(a) < Icel. sl-dli = Norw. skaale, a hut; or (6) < 
Icel. skjol, a shelter, cover, skyli, a shed, shelter 
(cf.styla, screen, shelter, ski/ling, a screening), 
= Sw. Dan. skjul, a shelter, a shed: all < ^ skv, 
cover, Skt. -^ sku, cover: see sky 1 , shaic 1 , shade 1 . 
sAerf 2 .] A hut or cottage used by shepherds, 
fishermen, sportsmen, or others as a tempo- 
rary shelter while engaged in their several pur- 
suits away from their own dwellings; also, a 
shelter for sheep on the hills during the night. 
Also shealing. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] 
A martiall kinde of men, who from the moneth of April 
unto August lye out scattering and Summering (as they 
tearme it) with their cattell, in little cottages here and 
there, which they call sheales and shealings. 
Holland, tr. of Camden, p. 508. (Dames.) 
To be wi' thee in Hieland shiel 
Is worth lords at Castlecary. 
Ballad of Lizie Baillie, ii. (Chambers's Scottish Song, iii. 
U44). 
The swallow jinkin' round my shiel. 
Burns, Bess and her Spinning- Wheel. 
sheal 2 (shel), c. t. [< sAa(2, .] To put under 
cover or shelter: as, to sheal sheep. [Prov. 
Eng. and Scotch.] 
shealing 1 (she'ling), n. [< sheafl + -ing 1 .] 1. 
The act of removing the shell or husk. 2. 
The outer shell, pod. or husk of pease, oats, 
and the like. [Prov. Eng.] 
shealing 2 (she'ling), n. [AlsosJieeling, shelling, 
shieling; < sAeoi 2 + -ing 1 .] Same as sAeo/ 2 . 
[Scotch.] 
You might ha'e been out at the shealin, 
Instead o' sae lang to lye. 
Lizzie Lindsay (Child's Ballads, IV. 66). 
shealing-hill (she'ling-hil), n. A knoll near a 
mill, where formerly the shelled oats were win- 
nowed. Scott, Old Mortality. [Scotch.] 
shear 1 (sher), v. ; pret. sheared or (archaic) shore, 
pp. sheared or shorn, ppr. shearing. [< ME. she- 
ren, scheren, sceren (pret. shar, schar, schare, scar, 
pp. schoren, schorn, schore), < AS. sceran, sciran 
(pret. scser, pi. sc&iron, pp. scoren), shear, clip, 
cut, = OFnes. skera, schera = D. scheren = 
MLG. LG. scheren =OHG. sceran, MHG. schern, 
G. scheren = Icel. skera = Sw. skdra = Dan. 
skjfere, shear, cut; prob. = Gr. Keipeiv (for *onei- 
pctv), shear, < -\/ skar = L. scr-, cut, in CMC/MX 
(for 'scurtus), short (see short 1 ). From shear 1 
or its orig. form are ult. E. share 1 , sho re-, share$, 
